Abstract
The Reshui Township in Dulan County, Qinghai Province, is located in the East Kunlun Tectonic Belt and is an important geothermal resource area. This study focuses on the Reshui Township hot spring, combining geochemical and isotope (δD, δ18O, 3H, 87Sr/86Sr, δ13C) analyses of both spring water and surface water to explore the hydrogeochemical characteristics, genesis mechanisms, and resource development potential of the spring. The results show that the spring has a discharge temperature ranging from 84.0 to 91.0°C, a pH value between 8.25 and 8.45, and a total dissolved solids of 2921.39 to 3113.77 mg/L, classifying it as a high-temperature weakly alkaline thermal mineral spring. The water chemistry type is Na-Cl, with high concentrations of trace elements such as F, Li, Sr, SiO2, and B, indicating significant potential for mineral water development. Geochemical characteristics and Sr isotope data indicate that the primary ion sources of the spring water are controlled by the dissolution of evaporite salts and silicate rocks. Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data suggest that the recharge source of the spring is atmospheric precipitation or snowmelt from the surrounding mountainous areas. Tritium isotope analysis shows that the water is modern in origin, with a relatively young age and a rapid renewal rate. Carbon isotope data suggest that the carbon source of the spring is primarily from the deep crust, with contributions from both mantle and metamorphic sources. Based on the chalcedony geothermometer and silica enthalpy diagrams, the estimated geothermal reservoir temperature is between 224 and 231°C, and the circulation depth is between 7115 and 7230 m. During its ascent, the spring water mixes significantly with shallow cold water (74% to 77%). The water quality, corrosion, and scaling potential analyses provide theoretical support for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in Reshui Township, and practical suggestions for their rational development are proposed. The results of this study are of great significance for advancing the understanding of the genesis of Reshui Township's geothermal waters and promoting the sustainable development of its resources.
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