Geochronological and geochemical characteristics of the rhyolites in Taerqi of middle Da Hinggan Mountains and their geological significance
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摘要:
塔尔气地区位于大兴安岭主脊中段, 晚中生代广泛发育一套玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及相应火山碎屑岩的岩石组合。以流纹岩为研究对象, 进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学研究。测年结果显示, 流纹岩形成于132±2Ma(MSWD=1.5, 2σ), 属早白垩世中期。岩石地球化学特征表明, 流纹岩属于典型的弱过铝质高钾钙碱系列岩石, 具有高硅(71.6%~77%)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7.94%~9.64%)且富钾(K2O=4.5%~5.46%)的特征; 轻、重稀土元素分馏明显, 具中等Eu负异常(δEu=0.22~0.7), 亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti, 相对富Th、U、Zr、Hf, 富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb, 相对贫Ba、Sr, 显示A型流纹岩特征。岩浆源区与硬质砂岩相似, 具有较高的锆饱和温度, 可能为地壳部分熔融的产物, 形成于后碰撞伸展的大地构造环境。
Abstract:Taerqi area is located in the middle main ridge of Da Hinggan Mountains, where there is developed a suite of late Mesozo-ic volcanic rocks, which include basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite and tuff. In this paper, detailed LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochro-nological and element geochemical studies were carried out for the rhyolites. The zircon U-Pb dating yielded a weighted average age of 132±2Ma(MSWD=1.5, 2σ), indicating that the rhyolites were formed at the middle stage of the early Cretaceous. Rock geo-chemical characteristics show that the rocks are peraluminous cal-alkaline rhyolites, which are characterized by high SiO2(71.6%~77%), high potassium and alkali content (K2O=4.5%~5.46%, Na2O+K2O=7.94%~9.64%). Trace elements have a similar variation trend that systematic enrichment of LILE and depletion of HFSE as well as LREE fractionation are more obvious than that of HREE, and also show significant weak anomaly of Eu (δEu=0.22~0.7). In addition, there exist the depletion of Sr, Ba, P, Ti, Nb, Ta and en-richment of Rb, K, Th, U, Zr, Hf. The rocks belong genetically to A type with a high zirconium saturation temperature (TZr=842℃), and the magma source was probably similar to the metagrewacks. Accordingly, it is inferred that the A-type rhyolites were products of partial melting of the crust and formed in a post-collision environment and an extensional tectonic setting.
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Keywords:
- middle Da Hinggan Mountains /
- Taerqi area /
- zircon U-Pb dating /
- A-type rhyolites /
- post-orogenic
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海南岛是中国东南陆缘海域中的最大岛屿，位于太平洋板块、印度-澳大利亚板块和欧亚板块三叉结合部位。受露头条件限制，加上遭受多次变质变形，海南岛前寒武系的研究相当薄弱，以致于它们的物质组成、形成时代和沉积大地构造环境未能得到充分制约，争议极大，造成海南岛前寒武纪构造地层划分、大地构造属性，以及在超大陆演化中的位置等方面认识存在显著分歧[1-11]。最近，笔者在海南三亚市吉阳区三郎岭一带的地质调查过程中，对原划归奥陶系干沟村组的一套变质砾岩，采用LA-ICP-MS方法对其碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素进行了测定，旨在确定该套变砾岩的沉积时限，并通过变质砾岩沉积学和U-Pb年龄谱对比研究，探讨其沉积大地构造环境。
1. 地质概况
海南岛前寒武系包括中元古界长城系戈枕村组、长城系—蓟县系峨文岭组，新元古界青白口系石碌群、南华系—震旦系石灰顶组[5, 12-13]，主要分布于琼西东方抱板—戈枕村和昌江叉河—红林农场、琼南红五、琼中长征农场—乘坡、屯昌中建农场、琼东烟塘等地区，少量见于西沙群岛永兴岛和琼北雷琼裂陷钻孔中(图 1-a)。
戈枕村组和峨文岭组属于海南岛的基底地层，由于后期受到多期次的变质变形和构造改造作用，总体呈“残留体状”产出。戈枕村组为一套经过混合岩化作用改造的深变质岩，以混合岩和片麻岩组合为特征，年龄限于1430~1800 Ma之间[7, 10, 14-16]；峨文岭组整合于戈枕村组之上，以云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩、石英岩为主，夹石墨矿层，年龄限于1300~1450 Ma之间[10-11, 13, 16]。
海南岛新元古界为一套浅变质岩系，自下而上分为石碌群和石灰顶组2套含铁岩系。石碌群主要由绢云石英片岩、石英绢云片岩、结晶灰岩、白云岩夹石英岩、凝灰岩、富铁矿层组成，为一套高-低绿片岩相浅变质岩，产孢粉、宏观藻类化石Chuaria circlaris Walcott，Shouhsienia shouhsienensis Xing，Tawuia dalensis Hofmann，T.sinansis Duan等[17]。许德如等[18-19]利用锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年，推断石碌群沉积上限年龄约为960 Ma、下限年龄约为1300 Ma。Wang等[9]获得石碌群最上部层位中碎屑锆石2000~900 Ma的年龄谱，存在2700 Ma、2500 Ma、1466~1359 Ma、1073 Ma年龄峰值，最小年龄值1073 Ma可以解释为石碌群上部层位沉积的初始时间。石灰顶组以石英砂岩、石英岩为主，夹泥岩、硅质岩、赤铁矿粉砂岩，为一套未变质的陆源碎屑沉积。Li等[20]采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb法在石灰顶组中获得了大量1200~2660 Ma的碎屑锆石年龄，与下伏石碌群碎屑锆石年龄一致。Wang等[9]通过碎屑锆石限定石灰顶组沉积不早于1070~970 Ma。石碌群未见底，与下伏地层断层接触，与上覆石灰顶组为角度不整合接触，石灰顶组未见顶，与上履下古生界接触关系不清。
本次调查的变质砾岩出露于三亚市吉阳区三郎岭村一带，出露面积约4 km2，前人将其归属奥陶系干沟村组，与奥陶系尖岭组接触关系不清，推测为断层接触，遭三叠纪二长花岗岩侵入(图 1-b)。变质砾岩野外露头上呈灰白色厚层-块状，产状变化较大(图版Ⅰ-a)；砾径0.5~25 cm，以2~10 cm为主；砾石分选性较好，以硅质砾石占优势(图版Ⅰ-c)，另有少量片麻岩、片岩砾石(图版Ⅰ-b)；砾石磨圆度中等，呈次棱角状-次圆状，长短轴比例1:1~2.5:1；颗粒支撑，硅质胶结(图版Ⅰ-b、c)。岩石薄片中，部分石英呈次圆-次棱角状，重结晶明显，但碎屑外形仍保留，另一部分呈显微变晶粒状；粘土矿物重结晶形成绢云母，显微鳞片状，镶嵌于石英颗粒间，部分绢云母呈弱定向排列(图版Ⅰ-d、e)。
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图版Ⅰa.块状产出的变质砾岩；b.以硅质砾石为主，含少量片麻岩、片岩砾石的砾岩；c.几乎全部为硅质砾石的砾岩；d、e.重结晶石英颗粒镜下特征(地质锤柄长28 cm，锤头宽17 cm)图版Ⅰ.2. 锆石测年结果对沉积时代的限定
2.1 分析方法
采样点坐标为北纬18°22′28″、东经109°37′09″，岩性为变质中粗砾岩(图 1-b)，编号SL-1Y。锆石单矿物分选工作由河北省廊坊市宇能岩石矿物分选技术服务有限公司完成，样品初碎后尽量选择砾径小、杂基多的碎块进行细碎分选。锆石阴极发光(CL)图像在北京锆石科技领航有限公司拍摄完成。锆石U-Pb定年分析在湖北地质实验研究所进行，测试仪器为准分子激光剥蚀系统193 nm GeoLas 2005和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪Agilent 7500a，激光剥蚀束斑直径为32 μm，采用标准锆石91500为外标进行同位素分馏校正。元素含量采用美国国家标准物质局研制的人工合成硅酸盐玻璃NIST 610为外标，29Si为内标元素进行校正。数据处理采用软件ICP MS DataCal(ver 8.3)完成，年龄计算及谐和图的绘制采用Isoplot 2.7软件完成。在讨论中，因206Pb/238U年龄均大于1 Ga，采用 207Pb/206Pb年龄，谐和度大于95%的数据参与讨论。
2.2 分析结果及年龄约束
样品中所分选出的锆石主要呈无色或浅黄色自形、半自形晶体，部分受到破碎作用晶型不完整。形态上多呈短柱状-柱状、少数呈椭圆状，粒径一般为50~100 μm，长宽比为1:1~2:1。多数锆石存在一定程度的磨圆，呈现出碎屑锆石的形貌特征。锆石CL图像呈灰色、灰白色和白色，亮度强弱不等，可能反映不同锆石颗粒间Th、U等元素含量差异。锆石内部结构较简单，多具有明显的振荡环带，显示岩浆锆石特征，少部分锆石具有残留核，个别锆石具薄的变质亮边或溶蚀边(图 2)。
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图 2 变质砾岩代表性锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及其U-Pb年龄Figure 2. Typical CL images and U-Pb ages of zircons from metaconglomerate对样品SL-1Y的70粒锆石进行年龄测试，其中谐和度大于95%的有65粒，其Th/U值介于0.12~0.75之间，结合CL图像，表明这些锆石多为岩浆成因(表 1)。其谐和锆石的年龄组成大致分为3组，由老至新依次为2691~2444 Ma(4粒)、1838~1632 Ma(48粒)、1540~1350 Ma(13粒)，存在约1699 Ma和约1440 Ma两个主要峰值，以及约2461 Ma的次要峰值(表 1；图 3)。结合前人的研究，笔者认为，约1699 Ma的峰值可能记录了Columbia超大陆裂解早期的构造热事件，而约1440 Ma的峰值可能记录了哥伦比亚超大陆裂解后期的构造热事件[7-9, 11, 16]。2691~2461 Ma年龄表明海南岛也许存在新太古代古老结晶基底[3, 16, 21-23]。本次获得的最年轻锆石年龄值为1350 Ma，且未出现海南岛碎屑锆石研究中常见的1250~1100 Ma和1000~900 Ma年龄值[9-11, 18, 21, 24-25]，认为该套变质砾岩的沉积时限应为1350~1250 Ma(图 4)。
表 1 海南三亚三郎岭地区变质砾岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析结果Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotope data of metaconglomerate in Sanlangling area, Sanya city, Hainan测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma 谐和度 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 01 272.8 150.7 665.7 0.226 0.095 0.002 3.159 0.096 0.249 0.009 1521 45 1447 23 1435 47 99% 02 82.1 60.6 107.7 0.563 0.089 0.002 3.032 0.083 0.247 0.004 1398 32 1416 21 1426 21 99% 03 96.7 48.3 150.7 0.321 0.105 0.002 4.583 0.141 0.314 0.006 1721 25 1746 26 1762 27 99% 04 176.5 104.6 262.8 0.398 0.108 0.002 4.161 0.164 0.279 0.008 1766 40 1666 32 1588 38 95% 05 91.2 66.5 130.9 0.508 0.087 0.002 2.976 0.113 0.248 0.004 1367 44 1401 29 1430 23 98% 06 92.0 58.9 110.6 0.533 0.101 0.002 3.903 0.163 0.281 0.006 1635 45 1614 34 1598 30 98% 07 374.1 271.0 897.7 0.302 0.087 0.002 2.592 0.104 0.216 0.004 1350 41 1299 29 1262 22 97% 08 80.1 46.2 119.3 0.388 0.100 0.002 4.072 0.138 0.293 0.005 1632 38 1649 28 1658 25 99% 09 209.7 76.9 105.4 0.730 0.184 0.003 12.308 0.356 0.484 0.008 2691 31 2628 27 2544 34 96% 10 168.2 82.8 321.7 0.257 0.109 0.002 4.516 0.107 0.300 0.005 1787 24 1734 20 1691 24 97% 11 62.9 32.6 99.7 0.327 0.104 0.002 4.388 0.098 0.305 0.005 1698 23 1710 19 1717 25 99% 12 146.5 53.6 436.5 0.123 0.109 0.001 4.730 0.096 0.312 0.005 1791 26 1773 17 1752 25 98% 13 171.1 90.1 309.7 0.291 0.106 0.001 4.331 0.063 0.296 0.004 1800 25 1699 12 1671 22 98% 14 207.9 96.2 446.5 0.215 0.107 0.001 4.474 0.074 0.303 0.005 1750 20 1726 14 1708 26 98% 15 87.1 52.3 104.6 0.500 0.112 0.001 4.727 0.093 0.305 0.007 1839 22 1772 16 1718 33 96% 16 81.0 46.2 117.5 0.393 0.106 0.001 4.576 0.077 0.313 0.005 1728 22 1745 14 1758 23 99% 17 271.7 177.3 430.0 0.412 0.108 0.001 4.640 0.096 0.313 0.007 1765 23 1757 17 1755 36 99% 18 158.5 109.0 290.5 0.375 0.095 0.001 3.426 0.064 0.262 0.005 1520 22 1510 15 1502 24 99% 19 84.2 59.8 149.9 0.399 0.091 0.001 3.225 0.063 0.256 0.004 1452 25 1463 15 1468 21 99% 20 108.1 81.1 151.0 0.537 0.092 0.001 3.121 0.053 0.245 0.004 1473 29 1438 13 1414 19 98% 21 177.9 103.1 216.6 0.476 0.109 0.001 4.868 0.071 0.324 0.005 1780 26 1797 12 1811 23 99% 22 80.1 39.4 173.2 0.228 0.104 0.001 4.386 0.065 0.306 0.005 1700 20 1710 12 1719 24 99% 23 139.2 48.6 142.5 0.341 0.159 0.002 10.281 0.163 0.468 0.007 2444 18 2460 15 2477 30 99% 24 101.5 35.7 276.0 0.129 0.102 0.001 4.523 0.069 0.321 0.005 1665 22 1735 13 1793 22 96% 25 236.1 172.9 428.6 0.403 0.089 0.001 3.103 0.049 0.252 0.005 1414 24 1433 12 1451 24 98% 26 88.4 44.0 153.5 0.287 0.103 0.001 4.628 0.068 0.327 0.006 1676 22 1754 12 1824 27 96% 27 124.4 65.6 218.6 0.300 0.104 0.001 4.351 0.075 0.303 0.006 1703 24 1703 14 1707 28 99% 28 146.6 102.4 330.6 0.310 0.087 0.001 2.876 0.052 0.240 0.005 1361 8 1376 14 1388 24 99% 29 184.2 115.1 253.0 0.455 0.102 0.001 4.164 0.069 0.296 0.004 1661 24 1667 14 1670 22 99% 30 180.8 98.0 322.5 0.304 0.103 0.001 4.236 0.068 0.297 0.005 1683 22 1681 13 1675 24 99% 31 141.7 49.3 410.4 0.120 0.103 0.001 4.300 0.067 0.301 0.004 1687 22 1693 13 1697 22 99% 32 143.0 108.5 215.2 0.504 0.089 0.001 3.049 0.053 0.248 0.004 1406 25 1420 13 1429 21 99% 33 185.3 107.5 256.6 0.419 0.102 0.001 4.273 0.062 0.305 0.004 1655 24 1688 12 1716 22 98% 34 74.5 32.4 183.2 0.177 0.101 0.001 4.186 0.063 0.302 0.004 1635 19 1671 12 1699 21 98% 35 470.3 214.8 856.6 0.251 0.108 0.001 4.920 0.071 0.332 0.005 1761 19 1806 12 1848 26 97% 36 97.0 46.8 199.8 0.234 0.106 0.001 4.432 0.068 0.305 0.005 1727 24 1718 13 1716 22 99% 37 322.7 178.4 453.0 0.394 0.111 0.001 5.147 0.084 0.335 0.005 1833 20 1844 14 1863 24 98% 38 114.4 49.1 280.5 0.175 0.104 0.001 4.285 0.062 0.300 0.004 1700 16 1690 12 1693 20 99% 39 94.9 43.0 249.6 0.172 0.105 0.001 3.986 0.060 0.276 0.004 1706 19 1631 12 1572 18 96% 40 232.2 125.3 516.4 0.243 0.107 0.001 3.980 0.072 0.269 0.004 1754 22 1630 15 1535 20 93% 41 86.3 50.8 93.5 0.544 0.108 0.001 4.798 0.076 0.321 0.004 1770 24 1785 13 1796 19 99% 42 96.9 48.1 199.1 0.241 0.108 0.003 4.479 0.104 0.302 0.005 1766 46 1727 19 1703 25 98% 43 393.1 345.2 517.8 0.667 0.091 0.001 2.871 0.042 0.228 0.003 1457 20 1374 11 1323 17 96% 44 222.9 136.8 373.2 0.367 0.111 0.002 4.123 0.075 0.270 0.004 1814 29 1659 15 1539 19 92% 45 368.6 119.9 412.7 0.290 0.160 0.002 10.179 0.126 0.463 0.006 2454 17 2451 11 2453 27 99% 46 84.1 39.0 170.5 0.229 0.106 0.001 4.707 0.070 0.322 0.004 1729 20 1768 12 1801 21 98% 47 292.8 263.6 297.2 0.887 0.089 0.001 2.852 0.042 0.233 0.004 1411 30 1369 11 1353 19 98% 48 102.4 48.2 200.0 0.241 0.107 0.001 4.783 0.068 0.324 0.004 1747 19 1782 12 1809 21 98% 49 109.5 51.1 224.9 0.227 0.106 0.002 4.669 0.069 0.328 0.012 1800 34 1762 12 1831 56 96% 50 136.6 72.3 264.8 0.273 0.103 0.001 4.397 0.059 0.308 0.004 1684 19 1712 11 1733 20 98% 51 169.9 88.3 312.5 0.283 0.104 0.001 4.622 0.065 0.321 0.005 1703 17 1753 12 1795 23 97% 52 103.9 71.4 188.5 0.379 0.090 0.001 3.184 0.050 0.257 0.004 1433 18 1453 12 1474 21 98% 53 95.3 42.4 221.8 0.191 0.105 0.001 4.479 0.059 0.311 0.004 1706 20 1727 11 1746 21 98% 54 181.8 86.9 391.3 0.222 0.107 0.001 4.630 0.064 0.316 0.005 1746 23 1755 12 1768 25 99% 55 276.9 96.6 269.3 0.359 0.161 0.002 10.667 0.172 0.480 0.008 2468 18 2495 15 2528 35 98% 56 95.8 56.1 161.3 0.348 0.105 0.002 4.338 0.103 0.300 0.004 1706 37 1701 20 1693 20 99% 57 273.1 159.1 341.9 0.465 0.108 0.001 4.807 0.058 0.322 0.004 1769 18 1786 10 1799 19 99% 58 152.8 75.2 251.3 0.299 0.107 0.001 4.844 0.074 0.327 0.005 1767 20 1793 13 1824 25 98% 59 126.1 74.4 164.6 0.452 0.105 0.001 4.565 0.066 0.316 0.005 1710 21 1743 12 1771 23 98% 60 165.3 85.9 272.2 0.315 0.104 0.001 4.609 0.061 0.321 0.005 1698 20 1751 11 1795 22 97% 61 179.8 83.9 405.5 0.207 0.102 0.001 4.309 0.066 0.306 0.004 1661 19 1695 13 1719 22 98% 62 215.2 100.7 444.1 0.227 0.107 0.001 4.648 0.064 0.316 0.004 1743 19 1758 12 1769 20 99% 63 285.6 161.0 474.9 0.339 0.104 0.001 4.274 0.055 0.299 0.004 1689 17 1688 11 1686 19 99% 64 149.9 86.4 226.8 0.381 0.103 0.001 4.376 0.054 0.310 0.004 1673 19 1708 10 1739 21 98% 65 106.9 76.8 102.0 0.753 0.096 0.001 3.754 0.055 0.285 0.003 1540 22 1583 12 1614 17 98% ![]()
图 3 三亚三郎岭地区变质砾岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图和直方图Figure 3. Detrial zircons U-Pb concordia diagrams and histogram of metaconglomerate in Shanlangling area, Sanya![]()
3. 中元古代沉积大地构造背景
海南岛已发现的中元古界分为下部戈枕村组和上部峨文岭组。戈枕村组岩性以混合岩和片麻岩为主，原岩以中酸性火山岩为主，夹杂砂岩类、泥岩等；峨文岭组以云母石英片岩、石英云母片岩、石英岩为主，夹石墨矿层，原岩为泥岩、砂质泥岩、砂岩，夹火山岩或炭质泥岩等[13, 26]。有关海南岛中元古代构造背景存在2种观点：Zhang等[27]基于变基性岩和同时代A型花岗岩的出露，认为抱板杂岩可能形成于裂谷环境；与之相反，许德如等[26]依据区域上中元古代长英质岩石的S型花岗岩属性，认为海南岛中元古代为活动大陆边缘环境。本次新发现的变质砾岩单层厚、砾石大小混杂、少量硅质泥砂杂基填隙、成分成熟度高、结构成熟度中等，指示物源区岩性相对单一、高差大、剥蚀快，表现为裂谷盆地高密度的碎屑流沉积物特征，此类沉积常发育在裂谷带陡倾一侧砾质洪积扇或浊积扇内[28-30]，是海南岛中元古代一种新的沉积建造类型。该套裂谷相关沉积建造的发现，为探讨海南岛中元古代构造背景提供了新的约束。结合海南岛缺乏中元古代同期俯冲-碰撞相关的岩浆-变质记录(如高镁安山岩、埃达克岩、钙碱性玄武岩等)，笔者认为，海南岛中元古代可能为裂谷相关的伸展构造背景，而不支持与俯冲相关的挤压环境。
从变质砾岩碎屑锆石年龄谱与戈枕村组、峨文岭组、石碌群、石灰项组碎屑锆石年龄谱对比结果(图 4)看，戈枕村组、峨文岭组与变质砾岩具有相似的年龄区间(1400~1580 Ma、1700~1800 Ma、2400~2700 Ma)和主要峰值；石灰顶组和石碌群除与戈枕村组、峨文岭组及本次新解体出来的变质砾岩具有3个相似的年龄区间和主要峰值外，还具有900~1150 Ma年龄区间和970 Ma、1070 Ma峰值。这些年龄谱特征，结合变质砾岩中的砾石组成以硅质砾石占绝对优势，仅见少量片麻岩和片岩砾石，表明该套变质砾岩物源可能为峨文岭组和同时期的岩浆岩，以及更古老的基底物质，这个古老基底也是戈枕村组、峨文岭组的物源区。而石灰顶组和石碌群中的碎屑锆石可能来自古老基底、戈枕村组与峨文岭组再循环、中元古代晚期的新生岩浆岩。值得注意的是，变质砾岩的沉积时限稍晚于峨文岭组，说明峨文岭组成岩后经构造运动变质变形，快速出露至地表并遭风化侵蚀，成为变质砾岩的物源区，这一复杂的过程发生在1440~1350 Ma相对短的时间内，说明1440~1350 Ma期间海南岛发生了强烈的构造活动[7-8, 25]，该期地质事件可能与Columbia超大陆的裂解相关。需要指出的是，变质砾岩中1699 Ma、1440 Ma和2461 Ma的年龄峰值与劳伦大陆西部的Belt-Purcell超群下部沉积地层中的碎屑锆石年龄组成接近[11, 31]，这种相似性可能暗示了在中元古代海南岛南部与劳伦西部靠近。
4. 结论
(1) 海南三亚三郎岭地区变质砾岩锆石年龄集中分布在2691~2444 Ma，1838~1632 Ma，1540~1350 Ma三个区间，最年轻锆石年龄值为1350 Ma，限定该变质砾岩沉积时限为1350~1250 Ma，属中元古代，应该从原归属的奥陶系中解体出来。该套变质砾岩不同于海南岛已报道的中元古界戈枕村组片麻岩、混合岩和峨文岭组石英片岩、石英岩等岩石类型，是一种新的中元古代沉积建造类型。
(2) 该套变质砾岩具有与戈枕村组、峨文岭组相似的年龄区间和主要峰值，而缺乏石灰顶组和石碌群具有的900~1150 Ma年龄区间和970 Ma、1070 Ma峰值，结合其砾石成分单一、大小混杂、颗粒支撑，成分成熟度高、结构成熟度一般等岩石学、沉积学特征，推断该套变质砾岩为1350~1250 Ma Columbia超大陆裂解晚期的裂谷建造。
(3) 变质砾岩与劳伦大陆西部的Belt-Purcell超群下部沉积地层具有相似的碎屑锆石年龄组成和年龄谱特征，暗示中元古代Columbia超大陆中，海南岛与劳伦西部靠近。
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置（a）[19]和区域地质简图（b）①②
Figure 1. Sketch showing tectonic setting and regional simplified geological map of the study area
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图 4 微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图及稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线图[34]
Figure 4. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns and chondrite-normalized REE patterns
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图 6 流纹岩岩石成因类型（A型、I型、S型）判别图[42]
I，S，A—I型，S型，A型花岗岩；FG—高分异I型花岗岩；OGT—未分异花岗岩
Figure 6. Discrimination diagram of Petrogenetic type (A type, I type, S type) for the rhyolite
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图 7 流纹岩的Ti/Yb-Nb/Th图解[49]
MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—岛弧玄武岩
Figure 7. Plot of Ti/Yb versus Nb/Th of the rhyolites
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图 8 A型流纹岩源区判别图解[61]
Figure 8. Discrimination diagrams of source regions for the A-type rhyolites
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图 9 流纹岩形成构造环境判别[65]
Figure 9. Diagrams of tectonic environment discrimination of rhyolites
表 1 塔尔气流纹岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb测年结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb results of the Taerqi rhyolites
样品测点 Th/10-6 U/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 表面年龄/Ma 207Pb/206Pb 土1σ 207Pb/235U 土1σ 206Pb/238U 土1σ 207Pb/206Pb 土1σ 207Pb/235U 土1σ 206Pb/238U 土1σ K1b-3-1 1062 725 1.46 0.0583 0.0046 0.163 0.012 0.02025 0.00034 543 172 153 11 129 2 K1b-3-2 453 433 1.05 0.0567 0.0047 0.161 0.012 0.02141 0.00050 480 187 152 10 137 3 K1b3-3 765 738 1.04 0.0555 0.0040 0.156 0.011 0.02069 0.00037 432 161 147 9 132 2 K1b-3-4 441 707 0.62 0.0564 0.0048 0.158 0.013 0.02055 0.00036 478 158 149 12 131 2 K1b-3-5 1243 1092 1.14 0.0513 0.0037 0.143 0.0096 0.02080 0.00035 254 167 135 9 133 2 K1b-3-6 1134 933 1.22 0.0528 0.0040 0.143 0.011 0.01982 0.00036 320 142 136 10 127 2 K1b-3-9 649 734 0.88 0.0485 0.0032 0.143 0.0087 0.02125 0.00036 124 148 136 8 136 2 K1b-3-10 546 506 1.08 0.0580 0.0044 0.170 0.013 0.02122 0.00043 528 167 159 11 135 3 K1b-3-12 1342 1107 1.21 0.0496 0.0031 0.141 0.0085 0.02062 0.00035 176 142 134 8 132 2 K1b-3-13 641 596 1.08 0.0567 0.0043 0.161 0.012 0.02107 0.00044 480 167 152 10 134 3 K1b-3-15 498 443 1.12 0.0591 0.0054 0.159 0.014 0.02041 0.00044 572 200 150 12 130 3 
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表 2 塔尔气流纹岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2 Major, trace and REE composition of the Taerqi rhyolites
样品号 K1b-3 K1b-4 K1b-6 K1b-7 MIN* MAX* VER* SiO2 72.20 71.60 77.00 75.90 71.48 78.90 74.41 TiO2 0.28 0.27 0.22 0.18 0.05 0.29 0.21 Al2O3 14.60 14.80 11.75 12.85 11.79 15.79 14.11 Fe2O3 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.16 0.67 2.05 1.23 MnO 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.16 0.07 MgO 0.21 0.22 0.14 0.09 0.04 0.21 0.13 CaO 0.49 0.49 0.10 0.12 0.10 2.83 0.56 Na2O 4.51 4.53 3.44 3.57 1.68 3.82 3.19 K2O 4.92 5.11 4.50 5.46 3.94 5.46 4.63 P2O5 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.15 0.10 LOI 0.46 0.59 0.39 0.44 0.50 1.49 0.63 σ43 3.05 3.25 1.85 2.48 1.04 2.48 1.99 A/CNK 1.07 1.07 1.10 1.07 1.05 1.48 1.27 A/NK 1.14 1.14 1.11 1.09 1.26 1.69 1.39 A.I 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.59 0.92 0.73 TZr/℃ 844 858 860 804 817 911 857 La 32.20 36.40 36.60 22.50 12.51 47.28 27.10 Ce 66.10 67.80 99.10 60.20 40.50 124.50 62.69 Pr 6.59 7.24 10.05 5.04 3.98 13.20 6.46 Nd 23.80 25.70 36.10 17.70 15.35 48.87 23.56 Sm 4.41 4.34 7.82 3.52 3.19 9.31 4.53 Eu 0.81 0.93 0.56 0.29 0.11 0.88 0.71 Gd 3.56 3.82 7.44 3.07 3.15 7.31 4.08 Tb 0.46 0.51 1.19 0.45 0.41 0.92 0.58 Dy 3.09 3.15 8.36 3.11 2.12 4.18 3.04 Ho 0.59 0.61 1.62 0.62 0.40 0.86 0.61 Er 1.82 1.86 5.40 1.99 1.21 2.89 1.89 Tm 0.28 0.28 0.75 0.28 0.17 0.42 0.27 Yb 1.90 1.98 5.22 2.03 1.26 3.05 1.99 Lu 0.32 0.30 0.83 0.31 0.19 0.50 0.31 ΣREE 145.93 154.92 221.04 121.11 84.63 264.17 137.83 LREE 133.91 142.41 190.23 109.25 75.64 244.04 125.05 HREE 12.02 12.51 30.81 11.86 8.99 20.13 12.78 LREE/HREE 11.14 11.38 6.17 9.21 8.41 12.12 9.85 (La/Yb)N 12.16 13.19 5.03 7.95 7.07 11.12 10.54 δEu 0.62 0.70 0.22 0.27 0.11 0.33 0.55 δCe 1.11 1.02 1.27 1.39 1.41 1.22 1.17 Y 16.00 17.90 44.40 17.20 6.62 21.41 14.14 Rb 147 155 153 191.50 132.61 217.60 159.32 Sr 124 133.50 55.20 38.30 26.00 141.22 94.53 Ba 923 1055 253 260 85.29 798.58 514.36 Nb 13.50 12.80 31.10 15.90 10.77 25.96 14.09 Ta 1.20 1.10 2.30 1.40 0.74 2.57 1.09 Zr 253 291 298 166 227 387 278 Hf 6.60 7.10 9.40 5.20 4.30 17.42 8.02 Th 17.20 16.40 29.80 21.50 - - - U 5.61 5.89 7.13 5.31 - - - V 12.00 16.00 16.00 7.00 3.52 28.61 9.27 Cr 50.00 50.00 60.00 50.00 2.97 6.35 4.37 Ga 21.40 21.60 22.20 19.20 9.69 17.01 12.82 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素为10-6
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