Ore-controlling structure and deep prospecting of the Bayan Obo large-sized REE-Nb-Fe ore deposit, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
对白云鄂博超大型稀土-铌-铁矿田内褶皱及断层构造特征进行了剖析和总结，认为矿区内构造活动演化具有多期性，中元古代—海西期至少发育4期构造活动，包括近东西向控岩断层（F1）、近东西向逆-平移断层（F2）、近东西向褶皱和韧性剪切构造、北东向左行走滑正断层（F3），并将其对成岩成矿的影响及控制作用作了详细分析。认为：①沿白云石碳酸岩与顶底板围岩界线分布的近东西向断层控制了白云石碳酸岩的产出和矿体的形成；②白云石碳酸岩侵位之后，近东西向逆-平移断层对矿体进行了第一次破坏，导致主矿、东矿的深部矿体向东平移，钻孔WK14-01的深部矿体应为主矿深部的矿体平移所致；③成矿期后发育一期近南北向的挤压变形事件对矿体进行了第二次破坏，导致矿区白云鄂博群紧闭褶皱的形成和矿体发生透镜体化；④主矿、东矿之间的北东向左行走滑正断层对矿体进行了第三次破坏，导致主、东矿位置的错动。这些认识将对矿区深部及外围找矿工作具有重要的指导意义。
Abstract:Analysis on folds and faults of the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe orefield indicates that its structural activities witnessed multi-stage evolution.There exist at least four periods of structural activities from Mesoproterozoic to Hercynian which control metallogenesis and diagenesis, including the nearly EW-trending litho-controlling fault (F1), the nearly EW-trending strike-slip fault (F2), the nearly EW-trending ductile shear zone and folds and the left lateral strike slip normal fault (F3).Based on a comprehensive analysis it is concluded that: a.The nearly EW-trending fault (F1) distributed along the boundary between dolomite carbonatite and hangingwall or footwall controls the intrusive occurrence and the formation of ore bodies; b.After the emplacement of dolomite carbonatite, the ore body was destroyed by the nearly EW-trending strike-slip faults (F2) for the first time.As a result, the deep ore bodies in the south of the Main and East mines moved from west to east, and the deep orebody encountered by borehole WK14-01 should be caused by the translation of deep orebody in the south of the Main mine; c.The post-ore NS-trending compression destroyed ore body for the second time and brought about tight folding of the Bayan Obo Group strata and lensing of ore body; d.The left lateral strike slip normal fault (F3) distributed between the main mine and east mine destroyed ore bodies for the third time and led to the dislocation of the Main mine and East mine.The above research results and understanding will be of great guiding significance to the prospecting in the deep and periphery of the mine.
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致谢: 野外工作得到白云鄂博铁矿生产部贾瑞敏、杨进军、郭宾和张顺工程师的大力帮助和支持，审稿专家提出了宝贵的修改建议，在此致以诚挚的感谢。
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图 1 中国大地构造纲要图(a)、华北克拉通中元古代裂谷带简图(b)和白云鄂博地区大地构造分区图(c)[33]
Figure 1. Tectonic sketch map of China (a) and sketch map showing Mesoproterozoic rift zones in the North China Craton (b) and the geotectonic divisions map of Bayan Obo area (c)
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图 2 白云鄂博主、东矿区地质及构造分布图
1—第四系；2—白垩系固阳组；3—长城系尖山组；4—长城系都拉哈拉组；5—新太古界乌拉山群；6—二叠纪二长花岗岩；7—黑云母花岗闪长岩；8—中元古代白云石碳酸岩；9—花岗岩脉；10—石英斑岩脉；11—闪长岩/闪长玢岩脉；12—碳酸岩脉；13—碱性岩脉；14—钠角闪石岩脉；15—钠辉石钠角闪石碱性岩脉；16—铁矿化体；17—低品位铁矿化带；18—实测或推测正断层；19—实测或推测逆断层；20—实测或推测性质不明断层；21—韧性剪切带；22—断层序号
Figure 2. Geological and structural map of the main mine and east mine in the Bayan Obo ore deposit
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图 3 白云鄂博东矿15、16、17勘探线剖面
Figure 3. Profile map of exploration line 15, 16 and 17 of the East section in the Bayan Obo mine area
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图版Ⅳ
a~f.白云鄂博矿区近东西向陡倾劈理带特征；a.主矿东邦矿体上盘板岩发育的陡倾的劈理；b、c、d.主矿东邦1626平台侵入板岩中的碱性岩脉小型紧闭褶皱；e.近东西向小型逆冲断层；f.近北东向小型逆冲断层
图版Ⅳ.
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图 4 白云鄂博矿区北东向左行走滑正断层地质特征
Figure 4. Geology of the left lateral strike slip normal fault in the Bayan Obo mine area
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图 5 白云鄂博矿区反射地震解译剖面图
①—东介勒格勒断裂；②—高位同生断裂南支；③—高位同生断裂北支
Figure 5. Interpretation section of the seismic reflection in the Bayan Obo mine area
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