Abstract: Thematic geological mapping driven by the demands and problems emphasizes that for different geological environments such as a major geological body, sedimentary basin, important metallogenic belt and fault system, modern technical means can be adopted to carry out thematic geological investigation and mapping, so as to solve some major problems of above-mentioned geological environments.Geophysics, as one indispensable means in thematic mapping, its short-period dense array technology developed in recent 10 years has attracted much attention due to flexible layout, wide application, high precision and low cost.This paper mainly introduces the current situation of short period dense array, and its application to near surface structure investigation under different geological and geomorphic conditions such as cities, mines, earthquake and sedimentary basins, etc.The application prospect and technical scheme suggestions of its technology in thematic geological mapping is put forward to improve and perfect the method system of thematic geological mapping technology by means of constructing structure imaging method through the investigation of short period dense array.