A geophysical technology for thematic geological mapping: Short period dense array
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摘要:
以问题和需求为驱动的专题地质填图强调，针对某个主要地质体、沉积盆地、重要成矿带、地震带断裂系统等，采用现代化的技术手段开展针对性的专题调查和填图，以解决目标地质体结构、沉积盆地基底起伏、成矿地质体规模、断裂系统分布等重大问题。地球物理是专题填图不可缺少的手段之一，近10年发展起来的短周期密集台阵技术，因其布设灵活、应用广泛、精度高、成本低等特点备受关注。通过介绍短周期密集台阵发展现状，以及在城市、矿山、地震灾害区、沉积盆地等不同地质地貌条件下，利用短周期密集台阵进行近地表结构调查的应用实例，提出了该技术在专题地质填图中的应用前景和技术方案建议，力图通过短周期密集台阵的调查构建结构成像方法，丰富和完善专题填图的技术方法体系。
Abstract:Thematic geological mapping driven by the demands and problems emphasizes that for different geological environments such as a major geological body, sedimentary basin, important metallogenic belt and fault system, modern technical means can be adopted to carry out thematic geological investigation and mapping, so as to solve some major problems of above-mentioned geological environments.Geophysics, as one indispensable means in thematic mapping, its short-period dense array technology developed in recent 10 years has attracted much attention due to flexible layout, wide application, high precision and low cost.This paper mainly introduces the current situation of short period dense array, and its application to near surface structure investigation under different geological and geomorphic conditions such as cities, mines, earthquake and sedimentary basins, etc.The application prospect and technical scheme suggestions of its technology in thematic geological mapping is put forward to improve and perfect the method system of thematic geological mapping technology by means of constructing structure imaging method through the investigation of short period dense array.
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致谢: 本文在前期工作积累和撰写期间，与北京卫星环境工程研究所李志伟研究员、南方科技大学郭震老师、中国地质科学院梁峰博士进行了有益讨论，在此表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 唐山断裂及邻区短周期密集台阵部署位置图[8]
Figure 1. Location of the short period dense array in Tangshan fault area
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图 2 唐山断裂及邻区短周期密集台阵观测的浅层结构[19]
Figure 2. The shallow structure observed with short period dense array in Tangshan fault and adjacent area
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图 3 唐山震区第四纪沉积厚度和基底埋深图[8]
Figure 3. Quaternary sedimentary thickness and basement of Tangshan earthquake area
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图 4 程海断裂短周期密集台阵位置及S波速度模型[22]
a—程海断裂位置与地震台站分布；b—程海断裂S波速度模型
Figure 4. Location of the short period dense array in Chenghai Fault area and shear wave velocity model
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图 5 济南城区短周期密集台阵部署位置[9]
Figure 5. Location of the short period dense array in Jinan City
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图 6 济南城区不同深度(100 m、300 m、600 m、1000 m)横波速度切片图[9]
Figure 6. Section of shear wave velocity model at different depths(100 m, 300 m, 600 m and 1000 m)in Jinan urban area
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图 8 合肥市不同深度S波速度结构[24](a~d分别为30 m、50 m、100 m、300 m深度的结构)
Figure 8. The Vs structure of Hefei City at depths of 30 m, 50 m, 100 m and 300 m
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图 9 新丰江水库库区地震台阵位置及浅层速度结构[25]
a—新丰江库区地理位置与地震台阵部署位置图；b—100 m、300m、450 m、650 m深度剪切波速度图像；c—剪切波垂直剖面图
Figure 9. The location of the dense seismic array and shear wave structure in Xinfengjiang Reservoir
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图 10 喀拉通克矿集区地震台阵部署位置及剪切波速度结构[26]
a—台阵分布；b—矿区地理位置和周围地震活动性分布；c—三维剪切波速度结构
Figure 10. Location of the seismic array and shear wave velocity structure in Karatungk mine area
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