The identification of Jurassic stratigraphy in southern Hainan Island: Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic compositions
-
摘要:
海南岛一直被认为缺失侏罗纪沉积记录，指示了海南岛与大陆内部不一样的中生代演化特征。对海南岛南部三亚地区尖岭剖面和海螺岭剖面紫红色碎屑岩，以及早白垩世鹿母湾组进行了详细的野外地质调查和碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素分析。结果表明，尖岭剖面和海螺岭剖面的紫红色碎屑岩具有高度一致的碎屑锆石年龄谱，限定的最大沉积年龄为172~174Ma，完全不同于下伏晚奥陶世榆红组和海南岛早白垩世鹿母湾组沉积岩的碎屑锆石年龄谱。综合区域构造-岩浆活动和中-新生代碎屑锆石年代学分析结果及尖岭剖面紫红色碎屑岩中锆石Hf同位素特征，认为海南岛三亚地区尖岭和海螺岭紫红色碎屑岩应沉积于172~158Ma之间，属于中-晚侏罗世沉积岩。其沉积物源和构造背景与广东东部和福建沿海同时代沉积岩相似，指示华南东南沿海地区在中-晚侏罗世具有统一的大地构造背景。
Abstract:The Hainan Island has long been considered as lacking the Jurassic deposition, which suggests that Hainan Island and interior continent have different Mesozoic evolutions. In this study, the authors conducted detrital zircon U-Pb analysis for the fuchsia clastic rocks in the Jianling and Hailuoling section and the Early Cretaceous Lumuwan Formation rocks, which are located at Sanya, southern Hainan. The zircon U-Pb dating results of the fuchsia clastic rocks from the two sections illustrate similar age spectra and oldest depositional age (172~174Ma). They are completely different from the spectrum of the underlying Late Ordovician Yuhong Formation and Early Cretaceous Lumuwan Formation samples. Together with previous tectonic and igneous activity records as well as the zircon Hf isotopic characteristics of the fuchsia clastic rocks, the authors hold that the deposition of the fuchsia clastic rocks in Jianling and Hailuoling must have occurred during 172~158Ma in the Middle-Late Jurassic periods. The sedimentary provenance and tectonic background were similar to those of the contemporary sedimentary rocks in eastern Guangdong and Fujian, indicating a uniform tectonic environment during the Middle-Late Jurassic in the southeast coastal area of South China.
-
Keywords:
- Hainan Island /
- Jurassic /
- detrital zircon /
- U-Pb chronology /
- Hf isotope
-
徐淮推覆-褶皱带位于华北板块东南缘、郯庐断裂西侧（图 1），为该区重要的陆内变形带。区域内徐淮断裂-褶皱系统由北向南走向由NNE—近NS—NW变化，也称为徐淮弧。弧顶位于萧县—淮北市一带, 与华北板块的其余构造形态具有明显差别（图 1）。早在20世纪90年代，徐树桐等[3]将其称为半圆形造山带或大型褶皱逆冲推覆体；王桂梁等[4]提出区域构造表现为弧形双冲-叠瓦状逆断层特点；彭凌日等[5]与Shu等[1]认为，区域构造属于挤压背景下的薄皮构造模型，表现为区域上普遍存在一系列弧形的斜歪褶皱、逆冲推覆构造。以上均为该区构造样式成因的研究，取得较多成果，而对于区域广泛存在的滑脱层研究不足[1, 1-5]。
滑脱层的存在影响盖层与基底间界面的剪切强度，使褶皱-冲断带构造传播方式及构造样式发生变化[6]。通常滑脱层能使构造变形传播距离更远，并且不同厚度滑脱层影响后冲断层的发育数量及构造的对称性，形成隔挡隔槽式褶皱、等间距逆冲断层、反冲断层等典型构造[7-9]；滑脱层深度及强弱性质的改变将影响构造变形的传播特征及褶皱、断层构造的样式和间距变化[10-13]。
随着构造物理模拟手段的不断完善，它已成为地质学家认识构造变形过程、分析构造成因机制的重要手段[14-19]。本文选取徐淮推覆-褶皱带为研究对象，结合前人研究资料，采取物理模拟手段对区域滑脱层深度变化、滑脱层摩擦系数的控制作用进行探索，进而对区域构造样式的控制因素和形成机制进行研究。
1. 徐淮地区构造背景
1.1 区域地层
研究区沉积盖层在东西向剖面上表现为东侧盖层厚度大于西侧（图 2-b），基底为太古宇泰山群变质岩，盖层分为3个亚层，即青白口系—震旦系、寒武系—奥陶系、石炭系—二叠系，相应亚层的分布表现为下部的青白口系—震旦系多为碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩沉积，岩石组成多为叠层石灰岩与白云岩，中部的寒武系—奥陶系主要为浅海碳酸盐岩，石炭系—二叠系以滨海相灰岩及滨海湖泊-三角洲体系陆源碎屑岩沉积为主，其中山西组和上、下石盒子组是主要的含煤层系①[21-22]。结合前人野外调查，区域上滑脱层普遍发育，主要为页岩、膏岩泥灰岩及煤层，分别为青白口系泥灰岩、寒武系猴家山组与馒头组页岩、奥陶系贾汪组页岩与马家沟组膏岩、石炭系—二叠系页岩及煤层（图 3）[1, 23]。其中，青白口系泥灰岩、寒武系页岩、石炭系—二叠系页岩及煤层作为主要拆离层控制区域主要构造变形[24]。
![]()
1.2 构造特征
研究区以逆冲推覆构造为主，未卷入结晶基底，属于典型的薄皮构造（图 2-a），平面上逆冲推覆构造为一系列走向由北向南、由NNE—近NS—NW变化的逆断层及伴生斜歪褶皱[5]，如白土镇东斜歪褶皱的轴面产状为144°∠75°，高角度逆断层的产状为137°∠71°，低角度逆断层的产状为124°∠41°（图 4），表明该区受到从南东向北西的挤压应力场作用。
结合前人在该区域进行的构造应力场研究[1, 25-26]，区域受2期应力场作用，分别是早燕山期SE—NW向挤压及晚燕山期NNE—SSW向挤压力。本次研究通过61个野外共轭节理、断面擦痕求应力场，并利用赤平投影求得最大主应力轴（σ1）优势方位，2个极密点方位为200°∠6°、133°∠6°，表明该2期应力场方位与前人研究一致（图 5）。虽然晚燕山期受NNE向挤压，导致该区侏罗纪—白垩纪盆地发育，但仍以早燕山期SE—NW向挤压作用形成的构造格局为主[4, 27]。
![]()
图 5 区域最大应力场统计极密图（A与B代表研究区最大主应力轴机密点）Figure 5. Statistics of the region's maximum stress field以皇藏峪背斜为界将研究区构造划分为东部构造带与西部构造带（图 2-b），东部构造带主要为一系列斜歪褶皱，少量叠瓦状分支断层；西部构造带表现为强烈变形，发育一系列逆冲断层。总体构造具明显东西分带的特点[3, 20]。
2. 构造物理模拟实验设计
2.1 实验材料
构造物理模拟实验遵循相似原则，即几何学相似、动力学相似、运动学相似，实验材料物性、模型尺寸等需要与自然界中实际的相应参数保持一定比值[28-29]。本次实验中所用材料为石英砂、微玻璃珠及硅胶。
干燥石英砂用于模拟脆性的上覆岩层，其物理性质为脆性且遵循库伦-莫尔破坏准则，内摩擦角为31°左右，内聚力极小[30]，变形过程中铺设的石英砂颗粒将出现从应变硬化-应变软化的过渡，导致影响断层角度的内摩擦系数稍小于未变形前岩石的内摩擦系数[31-32]。石英砂颗粒直径为200~300μm，根据不同的铺沙方式（筛或直接倒入模型中），密度会有差别，总体密度在1.3~1.6g/cm3之间。人工烧结的彩色石英砂颗粒一般物性不发生改变，铺设1mm厚彩色石英砂于模型中作为观察构造变形的标志层[33]。
微玻璃珠通常用于模拟强滑脱层，表面光滑且磨圆度好，玻璃珠内聚力几乎为零，内摩擦角为25°左右[34-35]，应变软化幅度很小，变形前后内摩擦角变化不大。本次实验使用直径为300μm的微玻璃珠充当强滑脱层，铺设于模型最底部[36]。
硅胶为透明高粘度的材料，用于模拟上地壳的塑性变形，在低应变速率下具有牛顿流体性质且具有非常低的屈服强度[37]。测得室温下本实验材料粘度为1.2×104Pa.s, 密度为0.926g/cm3, 铺设2~3mm于基底之上，作为弱滑脱层，控制变形传播距离，产生各类褶皱-冲断构造[7, 38-39]。
2.2 相似条件
根据相似原理，模型与地质原型长度的相似因子L*为1×10-5（即实验室中模型1cm代表自然界中1km的长度）；地质原型中沉积岩的平均密度为2.6g/cm3, 模型中石英砂与微玻璃珠的平均密度为1.4g/cm3, 所以实验设定的密度相似因子为0.5[40]；模型与地质原型的重力加速度相同，为9.8m/s2, 重力加速度相似因子为1；关于硅胶滑脱层，粘度一般为1×104Pa.s, 而地质原型相应地层的粘度为1×1019Pa.s, 粘度相似因子为1×10-15（*代表相应模型参数与地质原型参数的比值）。
根据前人对徐淮地区变形的年代学数据及缩短率的研究[23, 25]，推算出地质原型变形速率为1~10mm/a，因而设置实验室计步器推挤速率为0.005mm/s，结合速度相似因子v*=5×104，实验中模拟地质原型的挤压速率为3.2mm/a，与推算变形速率（1~10mm/a）大小为同一数量级，符合构造模拟相似条件。
2.3 实验装置
根据控制变量法来改变滑脱层深度及滑脱层物理性质[6, 17]，设计2组实验。第一组实验设计2个模型分别为模型1与模型2，初始尺寸均为600mm×400mm×24mm，且底板水平。模型1使用4mm厚微玻璃珠作为强滑脱层，20mm厚的石英砂作为盖层，而模型2则用一层厚4mm的硅胶层为弱滑脱层，盖层材料与厚度均与模型1相同（图 6-a、b）。模型两侧为钢化玻璃，为减少边界效应的影响，在实验前用无水酒精将其擦拭干净。
第二组实验设计2个模型分别为模型3和模型4，尺寸均为600mm×400mm×24mm, 模型底板均保持水平，考虑到滑脱层深度变化的影响，模型中均设计有先存的台阶式隆起，模型3距离活动端430mm处设置有5mm高的台阶状基底隆起，而模型4则在距活动端430mm处设置为10mm高的台阶状隆起。模型3、4底部均有一层厚4mm的硅胶层作为滑脱层，盖层为石英砂，两模型材料厚度均为24mm（图 6-c、d）。
4个模型均从右侧施加挤压力，活动端推板运动速度均为0.005mm/s，根据前人对区域平衡剖面恢复所得缩短率[1, 25]，本文模型缩短率取30%，每组实验过程通过照相机定时，每隔5min照相记录。
3. 实验结果及分析
3.1 第一组实验
3.1.1 模型1
实验过程分为4个阶段。阶段一，缩短率为2.00%时，在靠近活动端出现前冲断层1及断层相关褶皱，形成构造单元Ⅰ；阶段二，缩短率为13.50%时，构造单元Ⅰ中发育1号断层的分支断层2，以及从微玻璃珠滑脱层逐渐向地表延伸的断层3、4，此时该单元具逆冲叠瓦构造特点，位于构造单元Ⅰ前方1.6cm处发育受前冲断层5控制的构造单元Ⅱ；阶段三，缩短率为20.50%时，构造单元Ⅱ形成与构造单元Ⅰ相同的构造样式，其中断层6为断层5的分支断层，调节断层运动，位于构造单元Ⅱ前方3.8cm处(相比前者间距更远)发育受前冲断层7控制的构造单元Ⅲ；阶段四，缩短率为30.00%时，构造单元Ⅲ形成构造与前者相同，其中断层9为分支断层（图 7）。
![]()
图 7 物理模拟模型1演化图a~d—缩短率分别为2.00%、13.50%、20.50%、30.00%；e—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的横切剖面图；
1~9代表相应断层发育顺序；Ⅰ~Ⅲ代表相应构造单元发育顺序Figure 7. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 1实验所切剖面见3个间距明显不同的构造单元。构造单元Ⅰ主要受1~4前冲断层控制，形成堆垛式逆冲叠瓦构造及断层相关褶皱；构造单元Ⅱ与构造单元Ⅲ构造样式与构造单元Ⅰ相同，各个构造单元内断层间距变化均表现为朝固定端（前陆）逐渐增大，与前人研究结果一致[14, 41]（图 7-e、图 8-f）。
![]()
图 8 徐淮推覆-褶皱带物理模拟中模型1(a)、模型2(b)的断层角度/缩短率关系图(1~9代表相应断层编号)、模型1与2楔长/缩短率（c）、楔高/缩短率(d)、楔角/缩短率(e)对比图及最终剖面上断层间距/断层顺序（f）对比图（断层顺序1~8代表活动端向固定端测量断层间距的顺序）Figure 8. Model 1(a), model 2(b) fault angle/shortening ratio diagram, model 1 and 2 wedge long/short ratio(c), wedge high/ short ratio(d), wedge angle/short ratio(e) contrast diagram and the final section on fault distance/order(f) contrast diagram随着缩短率逐渐增加，楔长变化表现为增长至逐渐稳定的特点，楔长增加代表构造变形向固定端（前陆）传播，直至近稳定状态，最前端的断层前方未出现新构造使楔长不变或小幅减小；楔高则随缩短率增加逐渐增加，但增高速率逐渐减小（图 8-c、d），与前人观点一致[42]。组成构造单元Ⅰ的断层1、2、3、4角度变化具有较好的相关性，表现为晚出现的断层角度变化均会对早出现的断层角度产生影响；组成构造单元Ⅱ的断层5、6中，断层6角度逐渐小幅度增加，而断层5角度先增大后稳定，随后按该变化趋势发生变化；组成构造单元Ⅲ的断层7、8、9断层角度变化速率最慢，断层角度缓慢增加直至稳定，可见断层越远离力源，角度变化越容易达到稳定状态，并受晚期新构造影响越小(图 8-a)。
地表楔形隆起主要受到基底滑脱面性质及上覆材料强度的影响[14, 43]。随缩短率增加，活动端产生的楔状隆起角度达到临界角度之后，由于前缘未出现新断层，使角度继续增大向超临界角发展，直至前缘出现新断层，楔形隆起角度将减小，并向着次临界角值发展，达到相应次临界角后将再次增大（图 8-e），可见楔体达到临界角度后仍处于非稳定状态，而不是保持该状态向固定端方向稳定传播。模型1中，缩短率为8.75%时，楔角增大至相应超临界角，随后向一定次临界角值减小，缩短率为13.75%、23.75%时，相应状态下相应次临界角值再增大，符合前人观点[44-46]。
3.1.2 模型2
按构造单元将实验过程分为5个阶段。阶段一，缩短率为2.00%时，形成由前冲断层1与断层相关褶皱组成的构造单元Ⅰ；阶段二，缩短率为13.00%时，构造单元Ⅰ中发育后冲断层，此时断层相关褶皱形态为不对称箱状，位于构造单元Ⅰ前方，构造单元Ⅱ出现，主要由一对前后冲断层及断层相关褶皱组成；阶段三，缩短率为18.25%时，构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ继续发育，构造单元Ⅲ前方出现由只受前冲断层控制的构造单元Ⅲ；阶段四，缩短率为23.25%时，构造单元Ⅲ未出现后冲断层，断层相关褶皱形态为尖棱斜歪，并在其前方出现由前冲断层组成的构造单元Ⅳ；阶段五，缩短率为30.00%时，构造单元Ⅳ继续发育，表现为宽阔斜歪褶皱(图 9)。
![]()
图 9 物理模拟模型2演化图a~e—缩短率分别为2.00%、13.00%、18.25%、23.25%、30.00%；
f—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的切片图；1~5代表相应断层发育顺序；
Ⅰ—Ⅴ代表相应构造单元发育顺序(1’、2’、4’、5’代表与1、2、4、5同时生成的断层)Figure 9. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 2实验所切剖面见5个明显构造单元。构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ均由前、后冲断层及断层相关褶皱组成，其中褶皱为不对称箱状；构造单元Ⅲ由前冲断层及断层相关褶皱组成，其中褶皱表现为尖棱斜歪特点。断层间距均大于模型1，表现为先减小后增大的特点（图 8-f、图 9-f）。
实验过程中楔长变化主要为增长-稳定交替变化特点，其中稳定阶段时间略小于模型1，但模型2楔长普遍大于模型1，表明模型2构造变形传播的更远；楔高逐渐增大，至缩短率13.75%达到近稳定状态，随后楔高小幅度变化；活动端地表隆起楔角在缩短率为6.25%时，达到相应超临界角后，楔角下降，随缩短率增加，楔角减小速率逐渐变小，直至楔角趋于近稳定状态，达到临界值。实验过程中模型2楔角值均小于模型1，符合Davis等关于基底摩擦系数对库伦楔角影响的认识(图 8-c、d、e)[45]。各断层角度变化趋势相似，均表现为增大-稳定（图 8-b）的变化趋势。
3.2 第二组实验
3.2.1 模型3
实验过程分为6个阶段。阶段一，缩短率为2.00%时，最先在活动端处出现构造单元Ⅰ，表现为一对前冲后冲断层，地表微微隆起；阶段二，缩短率为11.50%时，构造单元Ⅰ断层持续活动，断层相关褶皱表现为不对称箱状特点，在构造单元Ⅰ前方出现受前冲断层控制的构造单元Ⅱ；阶段三，缩短率为16.50%时，构造单元Ⅱ出现后冲断层，使断层相关褶皱表现为箱状特点，并在前方构造单元Ⅲ开始发育受前冲断层控制的断层相关褶皱，同时滑脱层深浅变化处发育构造单元Ⅲ’的断层转折褶皱；阶段四，缩短率为25.50%时，构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ持续活动，与Ⅰ、Ⅱ构造演化特点相同，在构造单元Ⅲ与Ⅲ’之间发育构造单元Ⅳ的受前冲断层控制的断层相关褶皱，褶皱形态宽缓；阶段五，缩短率为29.50%时，在构造单元Ⅲ’前方发育构造单元Ⅴ的前冲断层及断层相关褶皱，褶皱波长较小；阶段六，缩短率为31.70%时，构造单元Ⅳ持续活动，但未见后冲断层，构造单元Ⅴ的褶皱高度明显增加，相应断层延伸至地表(图 10)。
![]()
图 10 物理模拟模型3演化图a~f—缩短率分别为2.00%、11.50%、16.50%、25.50%、31.70%；
g—缩短率为31.70%时沿挤压方向的切片图；Ⅰ—Ⅵ—代表相应构造单元发育顺序(其中Ⅲ’代表与Ⅲ同时生成的构造单元)Figure 10. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 3实验所切剖面见7个明显的构造单元，构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ主要受前冲断层及伴生的后冲断层控制，形成箱状褶皱；构造单元Ⅳ只受前冲断层控制，断层相关褶皱为宽缓斜歪褶皱，具明显不对称性；构造单元Ⅲ’、Ⅴ、Ⅵ受前冲断层控制，其中构造单元Ⅱ、Ⅰ’表现为断层转折褶皱，构造单元Ⅴ、Ⅵ组成逆冲叠瓦构造。深滑脱层区域各构造单元间距较大，平均间距为6.5cm，发育4个构造单元；浅滑脱层区域构造单元间距较小，从构造单元Ⅲ’至Ⅵ间距为先增大后减小；滑脱层深度变化处则对应剖面中波长最大的向斜（图 10-g、图 11-c）。
![]()
图 11 徐淮推覆-褶皱构造带物理模拟中模型3(a)、模型4(b)相应构造单元隆起高度/缩短率关系图和相邻构造单元间距/次序关系图（c）（次序1~6代表从活动端向固定端测量断层间距的顺序；Ⅰ~Ⅴ代表构造单元先后顺序）Figure 11. Model 3 (a) and model 4 (b) uplift height of the corresponding tectonic units/shortening rate diagram and adjacent structural unit spacing/sequence diagram (c)实验中随着缩短率逐渐增大，构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ隆起高度变化为增大-稳定不断循环的特点，证明模型中导致构造活动的应力集中过程是不稳定的，使得相应构造单元的活动具有乱序性，但处于滑脱层深浅变化附近的构造单元Ⅲ’与Ⅳ的隆起高度持续增加，未表现明显的稳定期，其中晚期出现的Ⅲ’构造单元最终隆起高度甚至超过了构造单元Ⅱ、Ⅲ（图 11-a）。
3.2.2 模型4
实验过程主要划分为5个阶段。阶段一，缩短率为1.75%时，构造单元Ⅰ发育由后冲断层控制的断层相关褶皱；阶段二，缩短率为8.75%时，构造单元Ⅰ持续活动，形成明显斜歪褶皱，位于滑脱层深浅变化处见构造单元Ⅱ的断层转折褶皱；阶段三，缩短率为15.00%时，在构造单元Ⅰ与Ⅱ前方同时发育构造单元Ⅲ、Ⅲ’，两者均表现为受前冲断层控制的断层相关褶皱，构造单元Ⅰ出现2条不同深度的前冲断层，表现出叠加褶皱的特点；阶段四，缩短率为21.75%时，构造单元Ⅱ与Ⅲ’之间出现构造单元Ⅳ，表现为断层相关褶皱；阶段五，缩短率为30.00%时，在构造单元Ⅲ前方出现构造单元Ⅴ，该构造受前后冲断层控制属于冲起构造，构造单元Ⅳ进一步发育，表现为尖棱斜歪的断层相关褶皱(图 12)。
![]()
图 12 物理模拟模型4演化图a~e—缩短率分别为1.75%、8.75%、15.00%、21.75%、30.00%；f—缩短率为30.00%时沿挤压方向的切片图，
Ⅰ~Ⅴ代表相应构造单元发育顺序(其中Ⅲ’代表与Ⅲ同时生成的构造单元)Figure 12. The sequential photographs showing deformation evolution of model 4实验所切剖面见6个明显的构造单元，构造单元Ⅰ中晚期低角度前冲断层将早期一对前后冲逆断层切断，最终表现褶皱为共轴叠加褶皱；构造单元Ⅲ’与Ⅳ主要受前冲断层控制，其中构造单元Ⅲ’为尖棱斜歪褶皱，Ⅳ为箱状斜歪褶皱；构造单元Ⅱ、Ⅲ受前冲断层控制，其构造单元Ⅱ主要表现为断层转折褶皱，构造单元Ⅲ为逆冲叠瓦构造及断层相关褶皱；构造单元Ⅴ受前后冲断层控制，属于冲起构造。深滑脱层区域各构造单元间距较大，向固定端间距逐渐增加，发育3个构造单元；浅滑脱层区域构造单元间距较小，且向固定端逐渐减小；滑脱层深度变化处也对应剖面中明显波长最大的向斜(图 11-c、图 12-f)。
随着缩短率的增加，构造单元Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ及Ⅲ’隆起高度先增大后趋于稳定，相应构造单元高度达到稳定状态后将不会改变，构造单元Ⅳ隆起高度增长最快，最终高度超过早于其出现的构造单元Ⅲ与Ⅲ’（图 11-b）。
4. 讨论
4.1 滑脱层强弱及深度对构造变形的影响
模型1基底之上为强滑脱层（微玻璃珠），随着缩短率增加，构造样式为逆冲叠瓦构造，表现为前展式传播形式，最终传播距离16.5cm，而模型2基底之上为弱滑脱层（硅胶），构造主要表现为不对称箱状褶皱及尖棱褶皱，构造传播方式与模型1相同，但变形向前缘方向传递距离明显大于模型1（图 7、图 9）。可见，滑脱层强弱差异控制着不同的构造样式。
模型3、4所设置装置底部不同高度台阶式抬升，使滑脱层深度发生变化，从而改变上覆盖层厚度与脆性层强度，使构造变形传播不再是传统的前展式，而呈乱序式，且在滑脱层深浅变化处容易应力集中而较早发生变形[17]，变形传播距离相较于模型2更远。对于模型3与4，由于基底隆起高度大小差异，模型3（低基底隆起条件）在深滑脱层区域将出现更多的构造单元；模型3在深滑脱层区域普遍出现受前后冲断层控制的箱状断层相关褶皱，模型4除构造单元Ⅰ发育共轴叠加褶皱外，均表现为受前冲断层控制的斜歪褶皱特点，在浅滑脱层区域两者构造样式基本相同，主要为断层相关褶皱与逆冲断层(图 10、图 12)。因此，滑脱层深度变化对盖层相关构造变形具有明显影响。
4.2 实验结果与实际构造变形对比
徐淮地区构造变形属于典型挤压背景下的薄皮构造，发育于早燕山期的滑脱构造，具有明显东西分带的特点，由东向西变形强度逐渐增强。以皇藏屿背斜为界，该界以西构造变形涉及盖层主要为寒武系—奥陶系与石炭系—二叠系，盖层厚度较小，发育一系列逆冲断层；该界以东构造变形涉及盖层主要为震旦系—奥陶系，盖层较厚，广泛发育轴面向SE方向倾斜的斜歪褶皱，叠瓦状分支断层较少[1]。
通过4个模型所切剖面与实际构造变形对比，认为实验模型4与区域上剖面具有较好的相似性，模型基底抬升处产生的背斜与皇藏峪背斜位置相当，虽然区域上变形含有多层滑脱层，但结合构造变形变化特点与物理模拟实验结果，认为区域上构造变形主要受2层不同深度滑脱层控制，分别是青白口系泥灰岩与寒武系页岩。以滑脱层抬升处（皇藏屿背斜）为界线，出现的褶皱间距及构造强弱的变化在模型4中有良好表现。滑脱层深度小，出现较密集的逆断层；滑脱层深度大，则构造形态以大波长的斜歪褶皱为主，断层未延伸至地表（图 13）。
![]()
图 13 物理模拟模型4（b）与徐淮地区构造剖面（a）对比图Figure 13. comparison diagram of model 4 (b) and the construction section (a) of the Xu-Hai area本文对徐淮地区构造地质原型设计了2组实验，通过改变模型的材料及边界条件，研究了滑脱层性质及滑脱层深度变化对构造变形的控制作用，取得了与地质原型相似的模拟结果。然而自然界构造变形复杂，如多期构造叠加、沉积与剥蚀作用、多层滑脱层等。本次研究从主要控制因素入手，对地质原型进行模型化与理想化。该区存在多层滑脱层，滑脱层平面展布未能考虑，因而对于盖层变形控制不全面，有待进一步探讨滑脱层平面展布等因素对区域构造的影响。
5. 结论
(1) 滑脱层控制徐淮地区薄皮构造的形成，滑脱层的存在使得变形向前传播距离更远，是形成徐淮地区构造样式的主控因素，缺少滑脱层构造变形则表现出一系列堆垛式逆冲断层特点。
(2) 徐淮地区存在多套滑脱层，模拟实验表明，控制区域上东西构造样式变化的滑脱层主要有2套，分别为青白口系泥灰岩（深滑脱层）和寒武系页岩（浅滑脱层）。以皇藏屿背斜为界线，界线以西，滑脱层深度较浅，构造变形强烈，构造间距密集，逆冲断层普遍发育；界线以东，滑脱层深度较深，构造间距较大，主要发育斜歪褶皱，断层未能延伸至地表。
致谢: 武汉上谱分析对本文碎屑锆石U-Pb同位素和Hf同位素测试提供了技术支持与帮助，审稿专家及中国地质大学（武汉）地球科学学院申添毅博士和中国南海研究院林杞博士对本文提出了宝贵的修改意见，在此一并表示感谢。 -
![]()
图 1 海南岛地质简图及研究区位置
a—海南岛地质简图；b—研究区地质图及采样位置
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of Hainan Island showing location of the study area
![]()
![]()
图 5 PMD01-30（JL-1）碎屑锆石Hf同位素组成
Figure 5. Hf isotopic composition of detrital zircon from sample PMD01-30(JL-1)
![]()
表 1 研究区LA-ICP-MS碎屑锆石U-Th-Pb分析数据
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon U-Th-Pb analyses data in study area
点号 元素含量/10-6 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma 谐和度 Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ HL-1 1 66.5 107.2 162.1 0.1187 0.0027 5.0249 0.1078 0.3055 0.0029 1936.7 40.7 1823.5 18.2 1718.4 14.1 94% 2 19.3 170.5 435.9 0.0548 0.0020 0.2775 0.0098 0.0365 0.0004 405.6 79.6 248.7 7.8 231.4 2.3 92% 3 79.1 54.3 232.4 0.1077 0.0019 4.2501 0.0785 0.2840 0.0024 1761.4 32.9 1683.8 15.2 1611.5 11.9 95% 4 15.0 132.5 335.6 0.0540 0.0022 0.2752 0.0119 0.0367 0.0004 368.6 90.7 246.8 9.5 232.5 2.6 94% 5 17.5 70.4 228.1 0.0575 0.0020 0.5209 0.0183 0.0656 0.0008 509.3 77.8 425.7 12.2 409.8 4.5 96% 6 170.7 525.6 1095.9 0.0661 0.0013 1.1523 0.0221 0.1259 0.0011 809.3 40.7 778.3 10.5 764.4 6.2 98% 7 17.8 147.8 383.8 0.0563 0.0024 0.2995 0.0138 0.0382 0.0005 464.9 100.9 266.0 10.8 241.7 3.0 90% 8 23.9 220.5 506.6 0.0533 0.0019 0.2790 0.0097 0.0379 0.0004 338.9 81.5 249.9 7.7 240.0 2.3 95% 9 23.0 248.9 354.9 0.0547 0.0015 0.3678 0.0102 0.0486 0.0005 466.7 61.1 318.0 7.6 306.1 3.0 96% 10 14.7 246.8 281.5 0.0526 0.0020 0.2718 0.0107 0.0375 0.0005 322.3 82.4 244.1 8.6 237.5 3.4 97% 11 16.0 162.3 323.8 0.0508 0.0018 0.2651 0.0096 0.0377 0.0004 231.6 88.0 238.8 7.7 238.8 2.6 99% 12 70.7 130.5 845.1 0.0564 0.0014 0.5294 0.0124 0.0679 0.0006 477.8 53.7 431.4 8.3 423.8 3.4 98% 13 14.9 153.1 297.6 0.0562 0.0024 0.2834 0.0119 0.0367 0.0004 461.2 96.3 253.3 9.4 232.4 2.4 91% 14 10.7 63.9 224.6 0.0505 0.0024 0.2662 0.0119 0.0365 0.0004 216.7 109.2 239.7 9.5 231.0 2.7 96% 15 50.6 95.0 103.3 0.1099 0.0021 4.8674 0.0991 0.3201 0.0026 1798.5 35.2 1796.6 17.2 1790.1 12.6 99% 16 27.7 159.6 285.1 0.0569 0.0016 0.5520 0.0158 0.0702 0.0007 487.1 56.5 446.3 10.4 437.5 4.0 98% 17 19.6 166.9 397.6 0.0557 0.0017 0.2796 0.0083 0.0365 0.0004 438.9 68.5 250.4 6.6 231.3 2.6 92% 18 21.7 71.7 230.0 0.0578 0.0019 0.5770 0.0194 0.0723 0.0008 520.4 67.6 462.5 12.5 449.9 4.6 97% 19 16.9 175.3 310.5 0.0570 0.0022 0.3016 0.0113 0.0385 0.0005 500.0 85.2 267.7 8.8 243.5 3.0 90% 20 15.4 147.4 293.5 0.0561 0.0022 0.2916 0.0113 0.0377 0.0004 453.8 85.2 259.8 8.9 238.3 2.6 91% 21 56.8 377.0 1053.2 0.0523 0.0013 0.2907 0.0074 0.0402 0.0004 298.2 57.4 259.1 5.8 254.1 2.4 98% 22 29.5 353.8 547.1 0.0539 0.0017 0.2779 0.0089 0.0374 0.0004 368.6 72.2 249.0 7.1 236.4 2.3 94% 23 17.2 334.9 418.6 0.0516 0.0020 0.1944 0.0076 0.0274 0.0003 333.4 95.4 180.4 6.5 174.4 1.9 96% 24 18.0 121.2 360.7 0.0510 0.0020 0.2652 0.0102 0.0378 0.0004 239.0 90.7 238.9 8.2 239.1 2.5 99% 25 27.5 83.7 312.5 0.0500 0.0015 0.4767 0.0137 0.0692 0.0007 194.5 68.5 395.8 9.4 431.4 4.1 91% 26 12.8 141.5 237.1 0.0561 0.0023 0.2989 0.0122 0.0388 0.0004 457.5 92.6 265.5 9.6 245.4 2.7 92% 27 16.4 284.1 287.4 0.0469 0.0019 0.2507 0.0100 0.0388 0.0004 55.7 83.3 227.1 8.1 245.4 2.7 92% 28 19.4 283.1 421.1 0.0511 0.0020 0.2438 0.0100 0.0344 0.0004 255.6 95.4 221.5 8.2 218.2 2.3 98% 29 28.7 764.0 536.2 0.0508 0.0017 0.2380 0.0081 0.0339 0.0004 231.6 79.6 216.8 6.7 214.9 2.3 99% 30 83.2 75.4 203.5 0.1125 0.0023 4.9669 0.1024 0.3189 0.0029 1839.8 37.7 1813.7 17.5 1784.4 14.0 98% 31 29.1 246.3 625.4 0.0519 0.0014 0.2679 0.0071 0.0375 0.0004 279.7 63.0 241.0 5.7 237.6 2.4 98% 32 21.9 257.7 432.5 0.0522 0.0015 0.2795 0.0080 0.0387 0.0004 294.5 69.4 250.3 6.4 245.0 2.3 97% 33 105.3 99.5 268.8 0.1058 0.0020 4.3950 0.0848 0.3006 0.0024 1728.1 33.8 1711.4 16.0 1694.3 12.0 98% 34 62.9 51.1 165.8 0.1073 0.0025 4.3056 0.0971 0.2907 0.0026 1754.0 42.6 1694.4 18.6 1645.0 13.0 97% 35 102.4 135.2 243.0 0.1164 0.0025 4.7986 0.1039 0.2983 0.0024 1901.9 38.3 1784.7 18.2 1682.9 11.7 94% 36 78.1 148.7 194.4 0.1079 0.0025 4.0536 0.0909 0.2724 0.0026 1764.8 41.8 1645.0 18.3 1552.8 13.0 94% 37 8.1 64.1 157.8 0.0507 0.0028 0.2807 0.0147 0.0406 0.0006 227.8 126.8 251.2 11.7 256.6 3.8 97% 38 20.1 144.1 377.5 0.0502 0.0018 0.2950 0.0104 0.0427 0.0005 211.2 81.5 262.5 8.1 269.6 3.1 97% 39 19.0 144.6 486.8 0.0531 0.0017 0.2349 0.0074 0.0321 0.0003 331.5 104.6 214.2 6.1 203.4 2.0 94% 40 56.4 104.4 163.9 0.1058 0.0022 3.7239 0.0803 0.2546 0.0026 1727.8 38.6 1576.5 17.3 1461.9 13.5 92% 41 21.6 254.0 434.5 0.0505 0.0017 0.2755 0.0093 0.0395 0.0005 216.7 50.0 247.1 7.4 249.9 3.1 98% 42 21.6 314.1 427.4 0.0508 0.0017 0.2712 0.0090 0.0386 0.0004 231.6 77.8 243.6 7.2 243.9 2.7 99% 43 27.2 232.8 586.2 0.0528 0.0017 0.2775 0.0086 0.0381 0.0004 320.4 67.6 248.7 6.8 240.9 2.4 96% 44 16.1 204.5 480.8 0.0527 0.0020 0.1977 0.0076 0.0273 0.0003 322.3 116.7 183.2 6.4 173.3 1.8 94% 45 27.3 311.9 803.6 0.0521 0.0017 0.2022 0.0071 0.0279 0.0003 300.1 75.9 187.0 6.0 177.6 1.7 94% 46 23.3 170.8 479.8 0.0514 0.0017 0.2886 0.0096 0.0406 0.0004 261.2 77.8 257.5 7.6 256.6 2.7 99% 47 17.0 192.2 343.5 0.0571 0.0025 0.2989 0.0118 0.0385 0.0005 494.5 98.1 265.6 9.3 243.8 3.1 91% 48 13.6 173.2 335.6 0.0556 0.0027 0.2446 0.0115 0.0320 0.0005 438.9 107.4 222.2 9.4 203.1 3.0 91% 49 88.7 79.4 510.5 0.0692 0.0014 1.4478 0.0313 0.1510 0.0014 905.6 42.6 909.0 13.0 906.8 7.6 99% 50 56.0 82.5 327.2 0.0752 0.0027 1.4745 0.0352 0.1416 0.0012 1075.9 73.3 920.0 14.4 853.8 6.5 92% 51 19.9 215.9 429.0 0.0506 0.0018 0.2649 0.0096 0.0378 0.0004 233.4 81.5 238.6 7.7 239.0 2.6 99% 52 140.3 116.4 268.5 0.1513 0.0037 8.6609 0.2090 0.4132 0.0041 2360.8 40.9 2303.0 22.0 2229.3 18.7 96% 53 209.8 158.0 551.3 0.1114 0.0025 4.9088 0.1097 0.3177 0.0026 1821.9 40.7 1803.8 18.9 1778.7 12.8 98% 54 28.0 305.1 568.5 0.0564 0.0020 0.3114 0.0115 0.0398 0.0004 477.8 79.6 275.3 8.9 251.4 2.5 90% 55 46.6 38.8 80.4 0.1587 0.0033 10.0164 0.2067 0.4554 0.0038 2442.3 35.2 2436.3 19.1 2419.1 17.0 99% 56 88.1 64.1 248.8 0.1106 0.0022 4.8303 0.1063 0.3165 0.0032 1809.6 41.5 1790.2 18.6 1772.7 15.7 99% 57 68.4 148.5 237.4 0.1011 0.0023 3.3277 0.0909 0.2379 0.0036 1644.1 41.4 1487.6 21.3 1376.0 18.8 92% 58 15.5 216.0 344.5 0.0557 0.0022 0.2889 0.0109 0.0379 0.0004 438.9 87.0 257.7 8.6 239.7 2.6 92% 59 12.4 80.1 146.4 0.0605 0.0029 0.5943 0.0275 0.0715 0.0009 620.4 101.8 473.6 17.5 445.1 5.3 93% 60 117.9 160.1 197.1 0.1683 0.0034 10.4870 0.2309 0.4494 0.0044 2540.4 35.0 2478.8 20.5 2392.8 19.5 96% 61 43.9 191.9 485.8 0.0521 0.0060 0.4964 0.0640 0.0656 0.0008 300.1 100.0 409.2 43.4 409.3 5.0 99% 62 99.6 106.4 562.4 0.0735 0.0018 1.6488 0.0450 0.1620 0.0018 1029.3 45.4 989.1 17.2 968.0 10.0 97% 63 32.9 96.6 184.7 0.0720 0.0020 1.4691 0.0416 0.1481 0.0016 987.0 57.4 917.8 17.1 890.1 9.0 96% 64 102.2 53.6 278.4 0.1221 0.0025 5.3832 0.1164 0.3191 0.0034 1987.4 41.2 1882.2 18.6 1785.4 16.5 94% 65 101.3 74.3 307.2 0.1096 0.0021 4.4029 0.0869 0.2909 0.0026 1794.4 34.7 1712.9 16.4 1646.1 13.2 96% 66 18.5 234.5 441.4 0.0558 0.0018 0.2698 0.0088 0.0351 0.0004 455.6 72.2 242.6 7.0 222.6 2.3 91% 67 34.8 184.1 363.6 0.0647 0.0020 0.7081 0.0213 0.0799 0.0009 764.8 66.7 543.6 12.7 495.4 5.6 90% 68 70.7 204.8 333.8 0.0746 0.0018 1.8297 0.0448 0.1778 0.0016 1057.4 48.1 1056.2 16.1 1055.1 8.8 99% 69 27.8 132.9 196.5 0.0461 0.0099 0.5518 0.1141 0.0754 0.0012 400.1 53.7 446.2 74.7 468.5 7.4 95% 70 13.8 291.1 397.6 0.0528 0.0024 0.2059 0.0090 0.0285 0.0003 320.4 103.7 190.1 7.6 181.4 1.9 95% 71 70.6 134.2 168.1 0.1286 0.0027 5.7092 0.1348 0.3205 0.0027 2079.3 37.0 1932.8 20.4 1792.2 13.4 92% 72 15.2 115.5 256.2 0.0599 0.0030 0.4168 0.0196 0.0510 0.0006 611.1 109.2 353.7 14.0 320.5 3.6 90% 73 105.1 58.7 1553.2 0.0601 0.0014 0.5500 0.0132 0.0663 0.0005 605.6 51.8 445.0 8.7 413.6 3.2 92% 74 108.3 110.1 207.5 0.1523 0.0034 9.0457 0.2263 0.4294 0.0049 2371.9 38.3 2342.6 22.9 2303.2 22.2 98% 75 189.0 137.3 516.9 0.1463 0.0030 6.3340 0.1423 0.3129 0.0032 2303.4 35.3 2023.2 19.8 1754.9 15.8 85% 76 166.7 165.2 387.0 0.1277 0.0026 6.2849 0.1306 0.3556 0.0026 2066.4 35.2 2016.3 18.3 1961.3 12.4 97% 77 133.0 235.9 219.0 0.1640 0.0034 9.7250 0.2208 0.4276 0.0044 2497.2 34.6 2409.1 21.0 2295.0 19.7 95% 78 88.8 55.8 348.9 0.0970 0.0021 3.1049 0.0867 0.2290 0.0033 1568.5 40.7 1433.9 21.5 1329.3 17.3 92% 79 12.2 134.5 271.9 0.0556 0.0027 0.2893 0.0138 0.0377 0.0004 435.2 109.3 258.0 10.9 238.4 2.4 92% 80 61.2 653.0 1196.8 0.0549 0.0013 0.3268 0.0076 0.0430 0.0003 409.3 53.7 287.1 5.8 271.3 2.2 94% 81 31.2 421.9 410.6 0.0507 0.0016 0.4001 0.0126 0.0570 0.0006 233.4 74.1 341.7 9.2 357.5 3.5 95% 82 98.0 129.1 188.0 0.1490 0.0033 8.2999 0.1762 0.4016 0.0034 2344.5 38.1 2264.3 19.3 2176.2 15.8 96% 83 78.2 235.7 172.6 0.1093 0.0025 4.7762 0.1104 0.3147 0.0030 1786.7 42.3 1780.7 19.4 1764.0 14.8 99% 84 21.9 302.6 507.8 0.0547 0.0020 0.2688 0.0097 0.0353 0.0004 466.7 81.5 241.8 7.8 223.8 2.4 92% 85 44.7 12.0 601.6 0.0547 0.0014 0.5474 0.0137 0.0720 0.0006 466.7 57.4 443.3 9.0 448.0 3.8 98% 86 12.0 129.6 269.4 0.0523 0.0024 0.2752 0.0126 0.0379 0.0004 301.9 137.9 246.9 10.0 239.9 2.6 97% 87 188.9 161.5 494.3 0.1111 0.0020 5.0748 0.0897 0.3282 0.0025 1817.0 33.2 1831.9 15.0 1829.8 12.0 99% 88 168.5 175.0 289.9 0.1617 0.0031 10.0922 0.1868 0.4486 0.0038 2473.1 32.7 2443.3 17.2 2389.2 17.2 97% 89 80.4 222.9 313.7 0.0870 0.0022 2.3995 0.0553 0.1988 0.0019 1361.1 43.5 1242.5 16.5 1168.9 10.5 93% 90 113.5 140.9 316.0 0.1131 0.0026 4.6859 0.1103 0.2973 0.0029 1850.0 45.4 1764.7 19.7 1678.1 14.6 94% 91 40.6 407.1 1044.6 0.0553 0.0018 0.2574 0.0090 0.0334 0.0003 433.4 72.2 232.6 7.2 211.9 1.9 90% 92 65.1 131.1 160.8 0.1230 0.0027 5.0382 0.1298 0.2950 0.0046 2066.7 38.7 1825.8 21.9 1666.6 22.8 90% 93 9.0 99.9 187.9 0.0569 0.0027 0.3069 0.0142 0.0392 0.0005 487.1 99.1 271.7 11.1 247.8 3.1 90% 94 35.1 74.3 86.0 0.1093 0.0027 4.6441 0.1153 0.3074 0.0029 1788.6 45.1 1757.2 20.8 1727.9 14.4 98% 95 18.4 129.5 241.4 0.0589 0.0025 0.5041 0.0207 0.0623 0.0007 564.9 88.0 414.5 14.0 389.6 4.4 93% 96 43.1 85.5 120.4 0.1158 0.0032 4.3714 0.1295 0.2720 0.0025 1894.4 50.0 1707.0 24.5 1550.8 12.7 90% 97 165.0 115.4 313.1 0.1638 0.0029 9.7897 0.1799 0.4315 0.0038 2495.4 29.9 2415.2 17.0 2312.3 17.1 95% PMD01-30(JL-1) 1 8.9 54.2 47.9 0.0581 0.0042 0.3645 0.0230 0.0471 0.0008 531.5 157.4 315.6 17.1 296.5 5.1 93% 2 76.9 272.7 478.9 0.0550 0.0013 0.5439 0.0132 0.0716 0.0007 413.0 51.8 441.0 8.7 445.5 4.1 98% 3 60.1 561.8 917.8 0.0500 0.0013 0.1889 0.0047 0.0274 0.0002 198.2 26.8 175.7 4.0 174.0 1.4 99% 4 30.0 292.0 226.3 0.0521 0.0020 0.2210 0.0086 0.0308 0.0003 287.1 88.9 202.7 7.1 195.7 1.9 96% 5 50.4 372.0 407.5 0.0521 0.0013 0.2701 0.0070 0.0376 0.0003 287.1 59.3 242.8 5.6 237.7 2.2 97% 6 41.4 117.5 340.0 0.0668 0.0024 0.5368 0.0199 0.0582 0.0005 831.5 75.9 436.3 13.1 364.8 3.0 82% 7 279.1 142.5 537.1 0.1128 0.0017 5.3815 0.0835 0.3448 0.0028 1855.6 27.3 1881.9 13.4 1909.7 13.4 98% 8 215.0 62.8 533.7 0.1182 0.0015 5.6106 0.0860 0.3428 0.0029 1928.7 23.0 1917.7 13.3 1899.9 13.9 99% 9 54.7 217.4 264.2 0.0551 0.0013 0.5365 0.0131 0.0706 0.0007 416.7 55.6 436.1 8.6 439.7 4.2 99% 10 185.9 114.4 309.6 0.1137 0.0015 5.2970 0.0796 0.3369 0.0029 1859.0 24.1 1868.4 12.9 1871.6 14.1 99% 11 105.2 88.9 227.6 0.0911 0.0015 3.2109 0.0545 0.2550 0.0018 1447.8 31.5 1459.8 13.2 1464.1 9.2 99% 12 103.4 141.2 260.3 0.0748 0.0013 1.8880 0.0360 0.1826 0.0016 1062.7 35.2 1076.9 12.7 1081.3 8.9 99% 13 70.0 281.8 272.6 0.0554 0.0015 0.5700 0.0162 0.0744 0.0008 427.8 57.4 458.0 10.5 462.8 4.6 98% 14 380.3 141.5 460.0 0.1635 0.0022 10.7166 0.1480 0.4738 0.0030 2492.3 22.5 2498.9 12.9 2500.3 13.4 99% 15 141.9 101.4 252.6 0.1107 0.0017 4.6566 0.0705 0.3040 0.0020 1813.0 27.3 1759.5 12.7 1711.3 9.9 97% 16 21.7 109.6 287.4 0.0503 0.0017 0.2961 0.0099 0.0429 0.0004 205.6 81.5 263.4 7.8 270.9 2.5 97% 17 88.2 52.7 143.1 0.1116 0.0017 5.3175 0.0837 0.3443 0.0028 1827.8 27.9 1871.7 13.5 1907.3 13.3 98% 18 390.8 289.3 614.2 0.1097 0.0017 4.8493 0.0771 0.3190 0.0023 1794.8 33.8 1793.5 13.4 1784.9 11.4 99% 19 19.8 112.5 174.0 0.0513 0.0022 0.3137 0.0128 0.0447 0.0006 257.5 100.0 277.0 9.9 282.0 3.5 98% 20 79.5 100.2 57.6 0.0894 0.0022 3.2004 0.0785 0.2595 0.0028 1413.0 46.3 1457.3 19.0 1487.2 14.5 97% 21 29.9 24.4 35.7 0.1049 0.0026 4.7238 0.1159 0.3269 0.0034 1722.2 46.3 1771.5 20.6 1823.1 16.6 97% 22 68.8 61.5 62.7 0.1037 0.0021 4.5512 0.0975 0.3171 0.0031 1692.3 37.8 1740.4 17.9 1775.7 15.2 97% 23 73.9 82.3 311.5 0.0676 0.0012 1.5341 0.0282 0.1639 0.0011 857.4 37.0 944.2 11.3 978.4 6.1 96% 24 31.6 254.5 324.6 0.0535 0.0018 0.2272 0.0079 0.0307 0.0003 350.1 47.2 207.9 6.5 195.2 1.9 93% 25 87.9 132.3 282.9 0.0709 0.0013 1.5049 0.0285 0.1534 0.0010 955.2 38.9 932.4 11.6 920.0 5.8 98% 26 37.8 320.0 670.9 0.0489 0.0013 0.1877 0.0051 0.0278 0.0002 146.4 63.0 174.7 4.4 176.8 1.5 98% 27 91.0 817.0 544.0 0.0523 0.0014 0.2636 0.0066 0.0367 0.0003 298.2 63.9 237.6 5.3 232.1 2.1 97% 28 64.6 132.4 154.4 0.0675 0.0015 1.2774 0.0275 0.1372 0.0012 853.7 46.3 835.7 12.3 828.8 7.1 99% 29 43.9 135.1 370.4 0.0532 0.0017 0.5657 0.0198 0.0773 0.0012 344.5 72.2 455.2 12.8 479.7 7.0 94% 30 24.8 236.1 240.3 0.0500 0.0018 0.2099 0.0075 0.0304 0.0004 198.2 78.7 193.5 6.3 193.2 2.2 99% 31 154.3 88.0 104.5 0.1669 0.0029 11.3541 0.2079 0.4914 0.0048 2527.8 34.3 2552.7 17.2 2576.6 20.7 99% 32 57.6 403.5 594.7 0.0525 0.0013 0.2658 0.0066 0.0366 0.0003 309.3 57.4 239.3 5.3 232.0 1.9 96% 33 32.3 162.6 245.8 0.0561 0.0017 0.3868 0.0118 0.0500 0.0005 457.5 66.7 332.0 8.6 314.7 3.2 94% 34 33.5 8.6 41.9 0.1790 0.0031 13.0016 0.2622 0.5246 0.0059 2643.5 29.0 2679.8 19.1 2718.7 25.0 98% 35 68.1 416.8 487.1 0.0538 0.0013 0.3251 0.0079 0.0441 0.0005 361.2 55.6 285.8 6.0 277.9 3.2 97% 36 733.9 517.1 393.4 0.1610 0.0023 9.8764 0.1471 0.4438 0.0029 2466.4 28.9 2423.3 13.8 2367.8 13.0 97% 37 162.8 89.0 297.8 0.1133 0.0019 5.4570 0.0966 0.3486 0.0025 1853.7 25.0 1893.9 15.2 1928.0 11.8 98% 38 36.3 159.9 265.8 0.0544 0.0016 0.4059 0.0119 0.0543 0.0005 387.1 66.7 345.9 8.6 340.8 2.9 98% 39 82.1 459.5 917.2 0.0518 0.0010 0.3138 0.0064 0.0438 0.0003 279.7 44.4 277.1 4.9 276.4 1.9 99% 40 103.8 384.0 570.9 0.0577 0.0011 0.5630 0.0110 0.0706 0.0006 516.7 45.4 453.5 7.1 439.5 3.3 96% 41 67.4 303.2 533.0 0.0509 0.0011 0.3734 0.0091 0.0531 0.0006 235.3 51.8 322.1 6.7 333.6 3.9 96% 42 137.3 754.0 1787.6 0.0518 0.0009 0.2977 0.0055 0.0416 0.0003 276.0 45.4 264.6 4.3 262.5 1.9 99% 43 13.9 141.4 213.7 0.0521 0.0024 0.1932 0.0089 0.0271 0.0003 287.1 100.9 179.4 7.5 172.5 2.1 96% 44 46.1 177.7 200.7 0.0547 0.0015 0.5514 0.0148 0.0731 0.0007 466.7 61.1 445.9 9.7 454.7 4.3 98% 45 71.1 162.0 135.5 0.0664 0.0016 1.2149 0.0309 0.1320 0.0011 820.4 51.8 807.5 14.2 799.2 6.4 98% 46 34.4 136.0 160.1 0.0560 0.0018 0.5534 0.0169 0.0718 0.0007 450.0 65.7 447.2 11.0 447.3 4.5 99% 47 283.3 110.7 654.6 0.1078 0.0015 5.3521 0.0828 0.3584 0.0037 1762.0 25.2 1877.2 13.3 1974.4 17.8 94% 48 198.8 84.9 243.6 0.1485 0.0023 9.2325 0.1439 0.4476 0.0031 2329.3 26.2 2361.3 14.4 2384.7 14.0 99% 49 363.3 127.5 984.5 0.1108 0.0016 4.8531 0.0666 0.3156 0.0021 1812.7 26.1 1794.2 11.6 1768.0 10.3 98% 50 291.3 170.9 463.8 0.1088 0.0015 5.4590 0.0815 0.3616 0.0033 1779.3 25.8 1894.2 12.9 1989.6 15.5 95% 51 301.0 297.9 137.2 0.1106 0.0017 5.5040 0.1008 0.3589 0.0046 1809.0 27.8 1901.2 15.8 1977.0 21.7 96% 52 200.5 505.6 210.1 0.0628 0.0015 1.1265 0.0267 0.1295 0.0009 701.9 50.0 766.1 12.7 784.9 5.4 97% 53 179.6 88.3 371.8 0.1106 0.0017 5.1642 0.0746 0.3366 0.0024 1810.2 26.7 1846.7 12.4 1870.5 11.8 98% 54 310.6 233.9 53.0 0.1619 0.0032 10.9944 0.2138 0.4899 0.0041 2476.2 33.3 2522.7 18.2 2570.1 18.0 98% 55 43.4 315.7 341.6 0.0552 0.0018 0.2828 0.0088 0.0371 0.0004 420.4 76.8 252.9 7.0 234.9 2.3 92% 56 22.7 206.5 242.6 0.0572 0.0024 0.2282 0.0091 0.0290 0.0003 501.9 92.6 208.7 7.5 184.2 1.9 87% 57 117.4 444.5 751.4 0.0546 0.0011 0.5132 0.0096 0.0679 0.0005 398.2 44.4 420.6 6.5 423.4 2.8 99% 58 259.7 771.2 1131.8 0.0575 0.0009 0.7155 0.0115 0.0899 0.0007 509.3 35.2 548.0 6.8 555.0 4.1 98% 59 112.8 704.6 1033.2 0.0526 0.0010 0.3088 0.0062 0.0424 0.0003 309.3 44.4 273.2 4.8 267.7 2.1 97% 60 66.6 255.8 417.2 0.0564 0.0014 0.4805 0.0115 0.0617 0.0005 477.8 55.6 398.4 7.9 385.9 2.8 96% 61 120.4 698.9 988.9 0.0547 0.0012 0.3347 0.0075 0.0442 0.0004 466.7 50.0 293.2 5.7 278.9 2.3 95% 62 76.0 266.2 320.3 0.0610 0.0014 0.6685 0.0159 0.0791 0.0007 638.9 50.0 519.8 9.7 491.0 4.0 94% 63 238.5 153.2 552.2 0.1107 0.0014 4.3262 0.0792 0.2814 0.0036 1813.0 23.6 1698.4 15.1 1598.2 18.2 93% 64 101.4 806.2 864.4 0.0529 0.0014 0.2515 0.0074 0.0343 0.0003 324.1 61.1 227.8 6.0 217.4 1.7 95% 65 21.1 123.4 105.4 0.0563 0.0026 0.3897 0.0167 0.0506 0.0006 464.9 99.1 334.2 12.2 318.4 3.5 95% 66 56.3 51.4 39.2 0.1081 0.0031 5.0660 0.1467 0.3400 0.0038 1768.5 52.9 1830.4 24.6 1886.4 18.2 96% 67 319.4 364.7 731.9 0.1146 0.0019 3.0962 0.0582 0.1955 0.0026 1873.8 29.3 1431.8 14.4 1150.9 13.8 78% 68 359.9 365.3 1114.2 0.0792 0.0011 2.0685 0.0356 0.1884 0.0019 1175.9 28.9 1138.5 11.8 1112.9 10.1 97% 69 36.3 222.9 312.3 0.0509 0.0015 0.2934 0.0084 0.0418 0.0004 235.3 66.7 261.2 6.6 263.9 2.2 98% 70 52.6 185.3 266.7 0.0570 0.0015 0.5666 0.0154 0.0719 0.0006 500.0 57.4 455.8 10.0 447.7 3.9 98% 71 92.9 334.7 441.4 0.0548 0.0012 0.5526 0.0120 0.0729 0.0006 405.6 43.5 446.7 7.8 453.7 3.3 98% 72 89.7 578.1 341.0 0.0512 0.0016 0.3425 0.0104 0.0485 0.0004 255.6 70.4 299.1 7.9 305.3 2.3 97% 73 266.9 204.0 173.8 0.1333 0.0022 7.1853 0.1244 0.3898 0.0029 2142.3 29.5 2134.7 15.5 2122.0 13.6 99% 74 60.6 120.9 193.7 0.0680 0.0017 0.9416 0.0289 0.1000 0.0018 877.8 51.9 673.7 15.1 614.2 10.7 90% 75 103.9 371.2 614.0 0.0561 0.0010 0.5326 0.0097 0.0687 0.0005 457.5 40.7 433.5 6.4 428.4 3.1 98% 76 24.0 29.1 31.5 0.0837 0.0026 2.6436 0.0813 0.2294 0.0025 1284.9 55.4 1312.9 22.7 1331.5 13.0 98% 77 277.7 174.7 426.2 0.1125 0.0016 5.2957 0.0832 0.3397 0.0026 1840.4 26.2 1868.2 13.5 1885.4 12.6 99% 78 94.1 547.6 1237.8 0.0522 0.0011 0.2735 0.0058 0.0379 0.0003 300.1 48.1 245.5 4.6 239.7 1.9 97% 79 30.6 59.0 81.2 0.0672 0.0022 1.2876 0.0410 0.1392 0.0015 842.6 67.7 840.2 18.2 839.9 8.7 99% 80 45.6 113.5 38.3 0.0667 0.0028 1.2041 0.0495 0.1321 0.0018 827.8 91.7 802.5 22.8 799.7 10.1 99% 81 370.0 1071.9 1406.7 0.1175 0.0015 2.9765 0.0584 0.1828 0.0029 1920.4 23.3 1401.6 14.9 1082.0 15.7 74% 82 216.4 239.3 222.8 0.0931 0.0015 3.4963 0.0565 0.2719 0.0023 1500.0 31.0 1526.4 12.8 1550.4 11.7 98% 83 59.9 319.7 659.7 0.0512 0.0011 0.3114 0.0069 0.0439 0.0004 250.1 43.5 275.3 5.3 277.2 2.2 99% 84 98.1 103.5 624.5 0.0666 0.0012 1.3119 0.0390 0.1405 0.0029 827.8 38.9 851.0 17.1 847.3 16.6 99% 85 79.3 418.6 603.4 0.0539 0.0012 0.3750 0.0083 0.0503 0.0004 364.9 48.1 323.4 6.2 316.6 2.8 97% 86 24.6 101.2 172.6 0.0543 0.0024 0.2851 0.0123 0.0384 0.0005 383.4 101.8 254.7 9.7 242.6 3.0 95% 87 21.8 30.6 41.0 0.1076 0.0046 1.9750 0.0849 0.1327 0.0017 1758.3 77.8 1107.0 29.0 803.2 9.6 68% 88 66.1 301.5 850.2 0.0515 0.0012 0.3260 0.0073 0.0459 0.0004 261.2 56.5 286.5 5.6 289.1 2.4 99% 89 492.5 25.5 1644.8 0.1149 0.0015 5.4073 0.0792 0.3402 0.0027 1879.6 23.3 1886.0 12.6 1887.4 13.2 99% 90 66.1 197.1 430.8 0.0611 0.0015 0.6598 0.0177 0.0780 0.0009 642.6 51.8 514.5 10.8 484.3 5.3 93% 91 26.0 158.2 181.5 0.0584 0.0021 0.3541 0.0125 0.0442 0.0005 546.3 84.2 307.8 9.4 278.5 3.1 90% 92 25.9 138.0 191.7 0.0538 0.0018 0.4096 0.0175 0.0544 0.0013 364.9 74.1 348.6 12.6 341.6 8.2 97% 93 60.2 344.2 491.7 0.0518 0.0013 0.3233 0.0079 0.0453 0.0005 276.0 57.4 284.5 6.1 285.9 2.9 99% 94 257.1 1870.0 1748.4 0.0589 0.0013 0.3101 0.0062 0.0382 0.0003 564.9 46.3 274.3 4.8 241.7 1.7 87% 95 57.4 284.4 404.3 0.0655 0.0023 0.4130 0.0134 0.0460 0.0004 790.7 74.1 351.0 9.6 289.9 2.4 80% 96 104.6 107.1 368.0 0.0750 0.0014 1.7112 0.0359 0.1643 0.0015 1133.3 37.5 1012.7 13.5 980.7 8.5 96% 97 30.9 202.0 372.0 0.0508 0.0016 0.2542 0.0079 0.0363 0.0004 231.6 65.7 230.0 6.4 229.7 2.3 99% 98 49.6 234.3 819.6 0.0527 0.0011 0.2983 0.0061 0.0409 0.0003 316.7 13.9 265.0 4.8 258.4 1.9 97% 99 15.8 163.5 152.2 0.0572 0.0033 0.2123 0.0119 0.0271 0.0004 498.2 125.9 195.5 10.0 172.4 2.7 87% 100 132.4 743.9 1239.7 0.0507 0.0010 0.3263 0.0068 0.0465 0.0004 227.8 44.4 286.7 5.2 292.8 2.7 97% 101 54.1 341.4 543.2 0.0508 0.0013 0.2844 0.0076 0.0405 0.0003 231.6 65.7 254.1 6.0 256.2 2.0 99% 102 32.9 161.6 527.1 0.0524 0.0014 0.2937 0.0079 0.0406 0.0004 301.9 61.1 261.5 6.2 256.7 2.3 98% 103 195.8 89.3 406.9 0.1132 0.0018 5.4350 0.0874 0.3474 0.0026 1850.9 23.1 1890.4 13.9 1922.1 12.4 98% 104 43.9 274.7 453.8 0.0505 0.0013 0.2772 0.0077 0.0398 0.0004 216.7 61.1 248.4 6.1 251.7 2.6 98% 105 123.1 83.4 154.7 0.1127 0.0017 5.6948 0.1021 0.3654 0.0040 1842.9 26.4 1930.6 15.5 2007.7 18.9 96% 106 56.1 271.5 490.6 0.0548 0.0013 0.3794 0.0105 0.0499 0.0006 405.6 53.7 326.6 7.7 313.7 3.9 95% 107 34.6 100.6 412.6 0.0526 0.0012 0.4318 0.0096 0.0595 0.0005 322.3 50.0 364.5 6.8 372.6 3.3 97% 108 84.8 85.8 122.5 0.0926 0.0018 3.3984 0.0690 0.2658 0.0026 1479.6 37.0 1504.0 16.0 1519.3 13.2 98% 109 152.5 1017.4 940.3 0.0532 0.0011 0.3205 0.0069 0.0436 0.0004 344.5 48.1 282.3 5.3 275.4 2.5 97% 110 162.3 159.1 293.6 0.0873 0.0014 3.0111 0.0612 0.2492 0.0033 1366.4 -0.9 1410.4 15.5 1434.5 17.3 98% 111 215.8 178.1 274.6 0.1119 0.0016 4.8143 0.0906 0.3110 0.0041 1831.5 27.0 1787.4 15.9 1745.6 20.1 97% 112 19.8 93.9 128.2 0.0546 0.0020 0.4140 0.0158 0.0549 0.0007 394.5 83.3 351.8 11.3 344.8 4.2 97% 113 117.3 58.6 210.8 0.1131 0.0017 5.4540 0.0873 0.3485 0.0028 1850.0 27.8 1893.4 13.8 1927.6 13.4 98% 114 14.9 52.2 61.1 0.0548 0.0028 0.5410 0.0269 0.0722 0.0010 466.7 119.4 439.1 17.7 449.7 5.9 97% 115 902.6 434.5 762.3 0.1625 0.0026 10.9798 0.1811 0.4880 0.0040 2483.3 27.0 2521.4 15.4 2561.8 17.2 98% 116 30.3 53.4 164.3 0.0792 0.0030 1.1515 0.0734 0.0960 0.0040 1175.9 75.5 778.0 34.6 590.7 23.4 72% 117 190.0 155.2 210.1 0.1111 0.0017 4.9297 0.0787 0.3207 0.0023 1817.6 32.4 1807.3 13.5 1793.0 11.4 99% 118 11.4 79.7 105.2 0.0517 0.0028 0.2530 0.0129 0.0361 0.0005 272.3 125.9 229.0 10.4 228.4 2.9 99% D3031-2 1 9.9 167.0 204.8 0.0571 0.0031 0.2961 0.0155 0.0379 0.0005 494.5 120.4 263.3 12.2 239.7 3.0 90% 2 2.4 67.9 99.9 0.0540 0.0063 0.1400 0.0154 0.0194 0.0004 372.3 262.9 133.1 13.7 123.6 2.7 92% 3 16.8 142.7 409.2 0.0527 0.0023 0.2678 0.0114 0.0369 0.0004 316.7 98.1 240.9 9.1 233.4 2.3 96% 4 21.3 97.2 501.6 0.0488 0.0016 0.2676 0.0085 0.0398 0.0004 200.1 75.9 240.8 6.8 251.4 2.4 95% 5 47.8 784.7 1054.4 0.0510 0.0014 0.2612 0.0070 0.0372 0.0004 242.7 64.8 235.6 5.7 235.3 2.3 99% 6 10.1 117.3 222.3 0.0531 0.0027 0.2857 0.0141 0.0394 0.0006 331.5 123.1 255.1 11.1 248.9 3.5 97% 7 27.8 559.8 925.3 0.0520 0.0019 0.1800 0.0062 0.0251 0.0003 287.1 76.8 168.0 5.3 160.1 1.8 95% 8 9.5 304.8 417.1 0.0490 0.0028 0.1259 0.0069 0.0188 0.0003 146.4 133.3 120.4 6.2 120.1 1.7 99% 9 51.7 278.9 1002.2 0.0513 0.0013 0.3425 0.0093 0.0483 0.0006 253.8 57.4 299.1 7.0 303.9 3.5 98% 10 22.3 204.3 502.0 0.0499 0.0017 0.2766 0.0096 0.0400 0.0004 190.8 77.8 248.0 7.6 252.7 2.6 98% 11 4.5 132.4 203.5 0.0464 0.0031 0.1202 0.0077 0.0187 0.0003 20.5 155.5 115.2 6.9 119.6 1.7 96% 12 7.2 184.7 322.4 0.0463 0.0027 0.1251 0.0078 0.0193 0.0003 13.1 133.3 119.7 7.0 123.3 1.8 97% 13 7.7 112.1 179.5 0.0520 0.0029 0.2594 0.0129 0.0365 0.0005 287.1 127.8 234.2 10.4 231.2 2.8 98% 14 3.6 157.8 144.5 0.0528 0.0041 0.1348 0.0093 0.0186 0.0003 320.4 177.8 128.4 8.3 118.6 2.1 92% 15 2.5 44.9 54.0 0.0564 0.0056 0.2915 0.0265 0.0372 0.0008 477.8 220.3 259.7 20.8 235.3 5.3 90% 16 4.6 104.1 188.7 0.0493 0.0039 0.1389 0.0102 0.0211 0.0004 161.2 177.8 132.1 9.1 134.4 2.2 98% 17 16.3 294.4 336.1 0.0535 0.0022 0.2868 0.0113 0.0388 0.0004 350.1 90.7 256.0 8.9 245.7 2.5 95% 18 19.0 251.7 444.9 0.0564 0.0022 0.2806 0.0102 0.0362 0.0004 477.8 82.4 251.2 8.1 229.0 2.3 90% 19 10.1 641.3 356.5 0.0506 0.0026 0.1295 0.0065 0.0186 0.0002 220.4 123.1 123.7 5.8 118.5 1.5 95% 20 33.8 116.2 790.3 0.0543 0.0017 0.3059 0.0090 0.0407 0.0004 387.1 65.7 271.0 7.0 257.5 2.4 94% 21 18.3 87.9 234.7 0.0567 0.0021 0.5471 0.0195 0.0698 0.0007 479.7 84.3 443.1 12.8 434.7 4.5 98% 22 51.5 230.6 491.6 0.0600 0.0016 0.7302 0.0203 0.0875 0.0008 605.6 57.4 556.7 11.9 540.5 4.6 97% 23 33.4 242.7 731.0 0.0503 0.0015 0.2900 0.0089 0.0415 0.0004 209.3 70.4 258.6 7.0 262.3 2.5 98% 24 10.9 189.0 241.4 0.0515 0.0025 0.2588 0.0118 0.0367 0.0005 261.2 109.2 233.7 9.5 232.1 2.9 99% 25 8.6 128.3 307.9 0.0509 0.0032 0.1723 0.0102 0.0245 0.0003 239.0 146.3 161.4 8.9 156.3 1.9 96% 26 4.0 68.7 141.0 0.0476 0.0048 0.1604 0.0147 0.0248 0.0005 79.7 222.2 151.0 12.9 157.7 2.9 95% 27 16.2 238.2 355.6 0.0518 0.0022 0.2701 0.0111 0.0378 0.0004 276.0 91.7 242.8 8.8 239.0 2.6 98% 28 6.9 76.3 154.9 0.0487 0.0032 0.2645 0.0166 0.0393 0.0006 200.1 83.3 238.3 13.4 248.3 4.0 95% 29 22.1 173.6 531.1 0.0541 0.0024 0.2847 0.0140 0.0376 0.0005 376.0 69.4 254.4 11.1 237.7 2.8 93% 30 1.3 36.4 57.0 0.0571 0.0081 0.1366 0.0135 0.0193 0.0006 494.5 321.3 130.0 12.1 123.2 3.7 94% 31 24.0 432.1 738.1 0.0538 0.0020 0.2046 0.0078 0.0273 0.0003 364.9 81.5 189.0 6.6 173.7 2.0 91% 32 18.1 289.2 666.1 0.0525 0.0023 0.1723 0.0070 0.0238 0.0002 309.3 100.0 161.4 6.1 151.8 1.5 93% 33 10.9 204.0 231.8 0.0465 0.0024 0.2376 0.0124 0.0372 0.0005 33.4 113.0 216.5 10.2 235.2 2.9 91% 34 9.0 293.1 392.5 0.0469 0.0029 0.1187 0.0068 0.0186 0.0002 55.7 131.5 113.9 6.2 118.7 1.4 95% 35 21.0 187.5 448.7 0.0517 0.0019 0.2982 0.0110 0.0417 0.0004 272.3 83.3 265.0 8.6 263.4 2.7 99% 36 15.4 281.4 537.6 0.0472 0.0021 0.1615 0.0073 0.0249 0.0003 61.2 103.7 152.0 6.4 158.3 1.8 95% 37 9.3 184.4 385.4 0.0496 0.0026 0.1413 0.0071 0.0208 0.0003 176.0 122.2 134.2 6.3 132.7 1.7 98% 38 3.8 159.3 143.5 0.0563 0.0053 0.1416 0.0101 0.0196 0.0005 464.9 211.1 134.5 9.0 125.4 3.0 93% 39 9.4 260.4 419.7 0.0472 0.0024 0.1222 0.0059 0.0190 0.0002 61.2 114.8 117.1 5.3 121.4 1.5 96% 40 15.9 493.6 678.6 0.0482 0.0020 0.1270 0.0053 0.0190 0.0002 109.4 100.9 121.4 4.7 121.5 1.3 99% 41 19.1 209.2 413.8 0.0512 0.0021 0.2845 0.0117 0.0403 0.0004 255.6 92.6 254.2 9.3 254.6 2.8 99% 42 225.3 383.3 663.6 0.1313 0.0033 5.0090 0.1157 0.2762 0.0023 2116.7 43.2 1820.8 19.6 1572.0 11.6 85% 43 23.9 223.1 575.2 0.0503 0.0020 0.2568 0.0095 0.0372 0.0004 209.3 90.7 232.1 7.7 235.3 2.6 98% 44 6.4 9.9 9.9 0.1537 0.0064 10.0758 0.4030 0.4814 0.0088 2388.0 70.2 2441.8 37.0 2533.6 38.2 96% 45 96.6 157.8 513.9 0.0715 0.0016 1.6691 0.0362 0.1687 0.0014 972.2 46.3 996.8 13.8 1004.8 7.5 99% 46 93.4 597.2 2034.8 0.0519 0.0012 0.3022 0.0064 0.0421 0.0004 279.7 51.8 268.1 5.0 266.0 2.2 99% 47 16.8 122.0 400.7 0.0525 0.0021 0.2747 0.0105 0.0381 0.0004 305.6 90.7 246.4 8.4 241.0 2.8 97% 48 8.0 88.2 175.1 0.0666 0.0035 0.3479 0.0166 0.0384 0.0005 833.3 111.1 303.1 12.5 242.7 3.4 77% 49 10.7 147.5 240.5 0.0542 0.0028 0.2773 0.0134 0.0372 0.0005 388.9 119.4 248.5 10.6 235.3 3.3 94% 50 13.4 143.0 289.8 0.0529 0.0022 0.2914 0.0115 0.0400 0.0005 324.1 91.7 259.7 9.0 253.1 3.0 97% 51 6.8 84.5 163.6 0.0471 0.0030 0.2327 0.0133 0.0360 0.0006 57.5 140.7 212.4 10.9 227.9 3.4 92% 52 150.7 30.1 441.1 0.1125 0.0019 4.8857 0.0823 0.3125 0.0022 1839.8 31.5 1799.8 14.3 1753.2 10.7 97% 53 3.3 128.1 146.3 0.0545 0.0052 0.1281 0.0096 0.0177 0.0003 390.8 216.6 122.3 8.6 112.9 2.2 91% 54 20.2 334.6 698.6 0.0499 0.0019 0.1733 0.0067 0.0250 0.0003 190.8 88.9 162.3 5.8 159.3 1.6 98% 55 7.0 128.2 143.4 0.0514 0.0030 0.2734 0.0153 0.0387 0.0005 261.2 135.2 245.4 12.2 244.6 3.4 99% 56 10.3 127.2 242.2 0.0475 0.0026 0.2387 0.0117 0.0368 0.0005 76.0 135.2 217.3 9.6 232.9 3.1 93% 57 12.7 220.1 260.2 0.0484 0.0025 0.2554 0.0125 0.0385 0.0005 116.8 114.8 231.0 10.1 243.3 3.0 94% 58 7.7 121.4 169.3 0.0467 0.0025 0.2407 0.0126 0.0376 0.0005 35.3 131.5 219.0 10.4 237.8 3.4 91% 59 26.0 182.1 613.5 0.0494 0.0018 0.2647 0.0093 0.0387 0.0004 168.6 83.3 238.5 7.5 244.8 2.4 97% 60 10.9 266.2 515.2 0.0466 0.0026 0.1155 0.0059 0.0183 0.0002 33.4 133.3 111.0 5.4 116.7 1.4 94% PMD01-9 1 107.1 127.0 258.4 0.1108 0.0026 4.7438 0.1120 0.3087 0.0036 1813.0 43.1 1775.0 19.8 1734.1 17.8 97% 2 87.1 105.0 239.6 0.1020 0.0023 3.9203 0.0906 0.2771 0.0030 1661.1 42.3 1617.9 18.7 1576.9 15.4 97% 3 57.5 138.6 308.7 0.0694 0.0018 1.4159 0.0466 0.1460 0.0026 922.2 53.7 895.6 19.6 878.6 14.6 98% 4 117.2 105.2 321.2 0.1027 0.0022 4.0706 0.0906 0.2863 0.0032 1673.8 39.0 1648.4 18.2 1623.0 16.2 98% 5 71.2 95.9 183.3 0.1020 0.0025 4.0771 0.1053 0.2886 0.0032 1661.1 44.4 1649.7 21.1 1634.6 15.9 99% 6 30.2 34.4 75.4 0.1012 0.0031 4.2333 0.1327 0.3038 0.0038 1655.6 57.7 1680.5 25.8 1709.9 18.9 98% 7 52.1 32.6 129.6 0.1070 0.0030 4.6580 0.1351 0.3152 0.0034 1750.0 50.8 1759.7 24.3 1766.2 16.9 99% 8 46.4 86.6 137.4 0.0856 0.0024 2.8920 0.0870 0.2439 0.0028 1328.7 55.6 1379.8 22.7 1407.1 14.7 98% 9 59.0 99.7 142.2 0.1016 0.0027 4.1186 0.1070 0.2932 0.0031 1654.0 48.1 1658.0 21.3 1657.6 15.7 99% 10 117.4 233.2 231.8 0.1114 0.0026 5.1320 0.1168 0.3320 0.0032 1821.9 42.4 1841.4 19.4 1848.2 15.5 99% 11 122.1 99.4 310.6 0.1005 0.0024 4.1614 0.1008 0.2976 0.0030 1633.0 45.1 1666.5 19.9 1679.3 15.0 99% 12 77.8 112.0 232.5 0.0884 0.0025 3.0145 0.0831 0.2450 0.0029 1392.3 59.4 1411.3 21.0 1412.8 15.1 99% 13 74.8 86.8 171.0 0.1077 0.0030 4.6401 0.1239 0.3103 0.0034 1761.1 50.8 1756.5 22.3 1742.1 16.9 99% 14 230.3 134.2 277.2 0.1926 0.0043 14.9998 0.3404 0.5601 0.0062 2764.5 69.6 2815.2 21.7 2867.0 25.8 98% 15 61.9 20.4 137.6 0.1142 0.0029 5.4234 0.1366 0.3422 0.0033 1933.3 50.5 1888.6 21.6 1897.5 15.9 99% 16 49.2 46.8 113.5 0.1059 0.0026 4.5457 0.1124 0.3103 0.0036 1731.5 45.5 1739.4 20.6 1742.3 17.8 99% 17 37.4 52.6 91.3 0.1007 0.0029 3.9494 0.1193 0.2830 0.0032 1638.9 58.3 1623.9 24.5 1606.7 15.9 98% 18 25.9 65.8 60.5 0.0957 0.0033 3.4971 0.1204 0.2667 0.0040 1542.6 64.8 1526.6 27.2 1524.0 20.3 99% 19 48.8 42.6 120.9 0.1060 0.0028 4.3377 0.1241 0.2951 0.0036 1731.5 52.8 1700.6 23.6 1667.1 18.1 98% 20 100.1 159.4 250.6 0.1004 0.0023 3.8779 0.0912 0.2783 0.0030 1631.5 41.7 1609.1 19.0 1582.8 15.3 98% 21 45.7 38.6 99.3 0.1161 0.0028 5.3616 0.1363 0.3319 0.0040 1898.2 42.7 1878.7 21.8 1847.7 19.2 98% 22 21.3 35.1 63.6 0.0876 0.0029 2.9362 0.0985 0.2416 0.0033 1373.2 63.4 1391.3 25.4 1394.9 17.1 99% 23 51.0 61.7 117.6 0.1093 0.0029 4.6859 0.1127 0.3080 0.0034 1786.7 48.2 1764.7 20.2 1731.1 16.6 98% 24 33.0 37.1 83.9 0.1047 0.0031 4.2008 0.1196 0.2875 0.0038 1709.6 55.4 1674.2 23.4 1628.8 19.0 97% 25 82.0 88.5 197.0 0.1099 0.0030 4.7205 0.1229 0.3061 0.0033 1798.2 49.4 1770.9 21.8 1721.7 16.4 97% 26 52.7 49.3 126.9 0.1068 0.0028 4.6146 0.1127 0.3091 0.0032 1746.3 46.8 1751.9 20.4 1736.2 15.9 99% 27 19.0 58.5 37.2 0.1089 0.0039 4.5710 0.1688 0.3004 0.0046 1781.2 69.4 1744.0 30.8 1693.2 22.8 97% 28 80.0 82.5 203.1 0.1007 0.0022 4.1312 0.0828 0.2944 0.0031 1636.7 40.1 1660.5 16.4 1663.7 15.3 99% 29 66.3 65.8 132.9 0.1458 0.0036 6.6258 0.1735 0.3243 0.0033 2298.2 42.0 2062.8 23.1 1810.6 16.0 86% 30 50.4 252.3 181.5 0.0750 0.0022 1.8302 0.0561 0.1750 0.0023 1133.3 59.3 1056.4 20.2 1039.7 12.9 98% 31 123.7 110.8 180.6 0.1769 0.0041 11.5299 0.2598 0.4688 0.0050 2623.8 38.3 2567.0 21.1 2478.2 22.0 96% 32 168.9 200.5 504.1 0.1040 0.0022 3.7918 0.0860 0.2619 0.0033 1698.2 70.8 1591.0 18.3 1499.5 17.1 94% 33 56.2 101.5 134.7 0.1013 0.0026 4.1852 0.1050 0.2979 0.0033 1650.0 59.3 1671.1 20.6 1681.1 16.6 99% 34 58.7 76.4 182.3 0.0869 0.0021 3.0280 0.0732 0.2510 0.0028 1359.0 41.7 1414.7 18.5 1443.7 14.7 97% 35 18.0 50.8 56.8 0.0861 0.0036 2.6118 0.1048 0.2206 0.0031 1340.4 81.5 1304.0 29.5 1285.1 16.3 98% 36 18.0 38.8 42.2 0.0951 0.0032 3.8611 0.1321 0.2934 0.0045 1531.5 64.0 1605.6 27.6 1658.5 22.3 96% 37 111.9 127.6 289.8 0.1042 0.0024 4.3452 0.1020 0.3002 0.0031 1701.9 41.8 1702.0 19.4 1692.5 15.2 99% 38 55.9 144.8 136.5 0.0985 0.0024 3.8254 0.0911 0.2809 0.0031 1596.0 46.3 1598.1 19.2 1596.1 15.8 99% 39 74.3 119.5 445.9 0.0703 0.0019 1.6540 0.0694 0.1683 0.0048 936.7 55.6 991.1 26.6 1002.7 26.5 98% 40 97.4 220.6 243.4 0.0992 0.0022 3.8908 0.0884 0.2827 0.0030 1609.3 40.7 1611.8 18.4 1605.2 15.3 99% 41 86.0 76.2 230.4 0.1072 0.0024 4.4096 0.0996 0.2963 0.0030 1753.7 41.8 1714.1 18.7 1673.1 15.2 97% 42 55.2 62.0 143.5 0.1081 0.0028 4.5037 0.1202 0.2995 0.0030 1768.5 48.1 1731.7 22.2 1688.8 15.1 97% 43 62.8 183.2 246.2 0.0815 0.0022 2.1508 0.0585 0.1901 0.0019 1235.2 49.1 1165.3 18.9 1122.2 10.3 96% 44 40.0 44.2 223.3 0.0768 0.0022 1.5984 0.0457 0.1506 0.0016 1114.5 57.4 969.6 17.9 904.5 9.2 93% 45 36.0 71.3 138.8 0.0864 0.0024 2.4310 0.0697 0.2033 0.0023 1346.6 55.6 1251.8 20.6 1193.1 12.1 95% 46 53.9 117.7 149.4 0.0994 0.0024 3.6229 0.0843 0.2640 0.0028 1613.0 44.4 1554.6 18.6 1510.4 14.2 97% 47 35.0 62.5 106.8 0.0918 0.0027 3.2005 0.0959 0.2529 0.0031 1464.8 56.9 1457.3 23.2 1453.6 15.9 99% 48 32.1 176.6 328.6 0.0587 0.0022 0.6210 0.0225 0.0769 0.0009 553.7 81.5 490.5 14.1 477.6 5.4 97% 49 70.7 55.6 173.5 0.1112 0.0026 5.1395 0.1250 0.3345 0.0037 1820.4 42.4 1842.7 20.7 1859.9 17.9 99% 50 152.5 174.7 206.7 0.1845 0.0036 13.1039 0.2705 0.5129 0.0047 2693.5 33.5 2687.2 19.6 2669.0 19.9 99% 51 111.2 151.8 284.1 0.1026 0.0021 4.3887 0.0907 0.3091 0.0032 1672.2 37.0 1710.2 17.1 1736.2 15.6 98% 52 19.2 42.4 65.5 0.0832 0.0028 2.6324 0.0882 0.2294 0.0030 1273.1 66.7 1309.7 24.7 1331.5 15.7 98% 53 51.7 2.7 231.2 0.0817 0.0021 2.3052 0.0610 0.2031 0.0021 1238.9 50.5 1213.9 18.8 1192.2 11.4 98% 54 67.4 75.9 161.1 0.1111 0.0029 5.1674 0.1341 0.3344 0.0035 1817.6 47.7 1847.3 22.1 1859.5 16.9 99% 55 51.7 103.7 145.1 0.0918 0.0028 3.5201 0.1051 0.2756 0.0030 1464.8 57.4 1531.7 23.6 1569.2 15.3 97% 56 42.7 97.5 129.8 0.0870 0.0027 3.1109 0.0962 0.2575 0.0032 1361.1 59.3 1435.4 23.8 1477.3 16.5 97% 57 16.5 95.6 183.0 0.0537 0.0023 0.5639 0.0245 0.0759 0.0011 366.7 98.1 454.1 15.9 471.5 6.3 96% 58 136.0 190.0 362.1 0.0991 0.0025 4.2076 0.1050 0.3059 0.0033 1607.1 46.3 1675.5 20.5 1720.4 16.2 97% 59 91.7 143.0 274.2 0.0881 0.0025 3.4535 0.1051 0.2816 0.0035 1384.3 54.8 1516.7 24.0 1599.5 17.7 94% 60 22.8 66.1 56.2 0.0930 0.0037 3.8091 0.1561 0.2950 0.0038 1488.0 75.6 1594.7 33.0 1666.7 18.9 95% 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 PMD01-30(JL-1)碎屑锆石Hf同位素组成
Table 2 Hf isotopic composition of detrital zircon from sample PMD01-30(JL-1)
点号 176Hf/177Hf 1σ 176Lu/177Hf 1σ 176Yb/177Hf 1σ 年龄/Ma εHf(t) 1σ TDM1/Ma TDM2/Ma PMD01-30-01 0.282182 0.000011 0.000870 0.000054 0.020778 0.001378 296.5 -14.5 0.4 1.50 2.23 PMD01-30-02 0.282655 0.000013 0.000653 0.000014 0.014588 0.000281 445.5 5.5 0.4 0.84 1.09 PMD01-30-03 0.282074 0.000010 0.000969 0.000010 0.025425 0.000299 174 -21.0 0.3 1.66 2.54 PMD01-30-04 0.282348 0.000011 0.001464 0.000014 0.037825 0.000406 195.7 -10.9 0.4 1.29 1.93 PMD01-30-05 0.281959 0.000009 0.000436 0.000017 0.011868 0.000560 237.7 -23.6 0.3 1.79 2.75 PMD01-30-06 0.282410 0.000013 0.001006 0.000029 0.026129 0.000844 364.8 -5.0 0.5 1.19 1.69 PMD01-30-07 0.281489 0.000013 0.000543 0.000022 0.014354 0.000652 1899.9 -3.7 0.4 2.44 2.80 PMD01-30-08 0.282564 0.000012 0.000741 0.000026 0.016687 0.000666 439.7 2.1 0.4 0.97 1.30 PMD01-30-09 0.281684 0.000013 0.000900 0.000019 0.023570 0.000535 1871.6 2.2 0.4 2.19 2.41 PMD01-30-10 0.282129 0.000012 0.001043 0.000013 0.027262 0.000315 1464.1 8.8 0.4 1.59 1.67 PMD01-30-11 0.282325 0.000011 0.000779 0.000010 0.018918 0.000284 1081.3 7.6 0.4 1.30 1.45 PMD01-30-12 0.282279 0.000014 0.002121 0.000147 0.067003 0.007052 462.8 -7.9 0.5 1.42 1.95 PMD01-30-13 0.281614 0.000010 0.000851 0.000010 0.022714 0.000255 1711.3 -3.8 0.3 2.29 2.66 PMD01-30-14 0.282662 0.000011 0.000518 0.000008 0.013197 0.000191 270.9 2.0 0.4 0.83 1.17 PMD01-30-15 0.281669 0.000012 0.000923 0.000013 0.024105 0.000298 1907.3 2.4 0.4 2.22 2.42 PMD01-30-16 0.281648 0.000011 0.000742 0.000029 0.018651 0.000700 1784.9 -0.9 0.4 2.23 2.53 PMD01-30-17 0.282659 0.000010 0.000649 0.000007 0.016202 0.000174 282 2.1 0.3 0.83 1.17 PMD01-30-18 0.281783 0.000011 0.000757 0.000012 0.019871 0.000302 1487.2 -2.7 0.4 2.05 2.42 PMD01-30-19 0.281600 0.000014 0.000635 0.000006 0.017521 0.000235 1823.10 -1.6 0.5 2.29 2.61 PMD01-30-20 0.281476 0.000011 0.000467 0.000003 0.012220 0.000079 1775.7 -6.8 0.4 2.45 2.90 PMD01-30-21 0.282288 0.000012 0.002197 0.000046 0.060100 0.001532 978.4 3.1 0.4 1.41 1.65 PMD01-30-22 0.283002 0.000012 0.001890 0.000027 0.043115 0.000684 195.2 12.2 0.4 0.36 0.46 PMD01-30-23 0.281678 0.000011 0.000158 0.000006 0.004269 0.000146 920 -18.5 0.4 2.16 2.97 PMD01-30-24 0.282557 0.000012 0.001242 0.000019 0.031666 0.000513 176.8 -3.9 0.42 0.99 1.47 PMD01-30-25 0.282343 0.000011 0.000758 0.000012 0.019734 0.000322 232.1 -10.2 0.4 1.28 1.91 PMD01-30-26 0.282440 0.000012 0.001399 0.000079 0.036612 0.002292 479.7 -1.6 0.4 1.16 1.57 PMD01-30-27 0.282835 0.000015 0.002350 0.000028 0.060820 0.000777 193.2 6.2 0.5 0.61 0.84 PMD01-30-28 0.282101 0.000013 0.000744 0.000015 0.018256 0.000420 232 -18.8 0.5 1.61 2.45 PMD01-30-29 0.282921 0.000012 0.000827 0.000020 0.023813 0.000637 314.7 12.0 0.4 0.47 0.56 PMD01-30-30 0.282800 0.000013 0.001382 0.000017 0.034959 0.000560 277.9 6.9 0.5 0.65 0.87 PMD01-30-31 0.282370 0.000012 0.000953 0.000030 0.023921 0.000855 340.8 -6.9 0.4 1.25 1.79 PMD01-30-32 0.282768 0.000011 0.001447 0.000029 0.039681 0.000816 276.4 5.7 0.4 0.70 0.94 PMD01-30-33 0.282293 0.000015 0.001210 0.000026 0.031569 0.000746 439.5 -7.6 0.5 1.36 1.91 PMD01-30-34 0.282740 0.000014 0.001407 0.000044 0.033297 0.001117 333.6 5.9 0.5 0.73 0.97 PMD01-30-35 0.282598 0.000013 0.001494 0.000023 0.038253 0.000675 262.5 -0.6 0.4 0.94 1.33 PMD01-30-36 0.282696 0.000010 0.000932 0.000036 0.020039 0.000787 172.5 1.0 0.4 0.79 1.16 PMD01-30-37 0.282645 0.000010 0.000320 0.000004 0.008018 0.000120 454.7 5.4 0.4 0.85 1.10 PMD01-30-38 0.282325 0.000013 0.000486 0.000015 0.011939 0.000391 447.3 -6.1 0.5 1.29 1.82 PMD01-30-39 0.282143 0.000010 0.001145 0.000034 0.030232 0.001037 234.9 -17.3 0.3 1.57 2.36 PMD01-30-40 0.282694 0.000010 0.001202 0.000011 0.028070 0.000392 184.2 1.1 0.4 0.80 1.16 PMD01-30-41 0.282757 0.000012 0.001304 0.000030 0.031535 0.000689 267.7 5.1 0.4 0.71 0.97 PMD01-30-42 0.282339 0.000017 0.000875 0.000027 0.021186 0.000715 385.9 -7.0 0.6 1.29 1.83 PMD01-30-43 0.282488 0.000012 0.000776 0.000009 0.018574 0.000231 278.9 -4.1 0.4 1.08 1.56 PMD01-30-44 0.282519 0.000010 0.000807 0.000005 0.020267 0.000112 258.4 -3.4 0.3 1.03 1.51 PMD01-30-45 0.282693 0.000016 0.000976 0.000023 0.024713 0.000515 292.8 3.5 0.6 0.79 1.09 PMD01-30-46 0.282362 0.000011 0.000778 0.000016 0.017399 0.000395 256.2 -9.0 0.4 1.25 1.86 PMD01-30-47 0.282414 0.000012 0.002679 0.000083 0.073784 0.002309 256.7 -7.5 0.4 1.24 1.76 PMD01-30-48 0.282377 0.000012 0.000779 0.000017 0.019686 0.000546 251.7 -8.6 0.4 1.23 1.83 PMD01-30-49 0.282600 0.000012 0.001382 0.000037 0.034969 0.000996 275.4 -0.3 0.4 0.93 1.32
下载: 导出CSV
-
李孙雄, 云平, 林义华, 等.中国区域地质志——海南志[M].北京:地质出版社, 2017:7-13. 葛梅钰, 陈旭, 韩哲元, 等.海南岛崖县地区寒武纪、奥陶纪地层[J].地层学杂志, 1983(1):43-51. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DCXZ198301005.htm Dickinson W R, Gehrels G E. Use of U-Pb ages of detrital zircons to infer maximum depositional ages of strata:A test against a Colorado Plateau Mesozoic database[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2009, 288(1/2):115-125. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=eb5b10310d4e3bdc465015e881ecd6fb&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Li Z X, Li X H, Zhou H W, et al. Grenvillian continental collision in south China:New SHRIMP U-Pb zircon results and implications for the configuration of Rodinia[J]. Geology, 2002, 30(2):163-166. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f5261d0e7ca878742e27aff0501c1a9a&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Liu Y, Hu Z, Gao S, et al. In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard[J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 257(1/2):34-43. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=f10fa454267bcd9d2c140163950f1005&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Liu Y, Gao S, Hu Z, et al. Continental and oceanic crust recyclinginduced melt-peridotite interactions in the Trans-North China orogen:U-Pb dating, Hf isotopes and trace elements in zircons from mantle xenoliths[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2010, 51(1/2):537-571. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Keqing_Zong2/publication/268411794_Continental_and_Oceanic_Crust_Recycling-Induced_Melt_Peridotite_Interactions_in_the_Trans-North_China_Orogen_UPb_Dating_Hf_Isotopes_and_Trace_Elements_in_Zircons_from_Mantle_Xenoliths/links/551434ad0cf2eda0df306881/Continental-and-Oceanic-Crust-Recycling-Induced-Melt-Peridotite-Interactions-in-the-Trans-North-China-Orogen-UPb-Dating-Hf-Isotopes-and-Trace-Elements-in-Zircons-from-Mantle-Xenoliths.pdf
Ludwig K R, ISOPLOT 3.00:A geochronological toolkit for Microsoft Excel[M]. Berkeley Geochronology Center, California, Berkeley, 2003:39.
Hu Z, Liu Y, Gao S, et al. Improved in situ Hf isotope ratio analysis of zircon using newly designed X skimmer cone and jet sample cone in combination with the addition of nitrogen by laser ablation multiple collector ICP-MS[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2012, 27(9):1391-1399. doi: 10.1039/c2ja30078h
Blichert-Toft J. The Hf isotopic composition of zircon reference material 91500[J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 253(34):252-257. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=9255231d81a9ce72dbef0baf5ca1fc7d
Elhlou S, Belousova E, Griffin W L, et al. Trace element and isotopic composition of GJ-red zircon standard by laser ablation[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 2006:70(supp1):A158. doi: 10.1016-j.gca.2006.06.1383/
Jiang X Y, Li X H, Collins W J, et al. U-Pb age and Hf-O isotopes of detrital zircons from Hainan Island:Implications for Mesozoic subduction models[J]. Lithos, 2015, 239:60-70. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2015.10.006
Xu Y, Sun Q, Cai G, et al. The U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of detrital zircons from Hainan Island, South China:Implications for sediment provenance and the crustal evolution[J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2014, 71(4):1619-1628. doi: 10.1007/s12665-013-2566-x
杨宗永, 何斌.华南侏罗纪构造体制转换:碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2013, 37(4):580-591. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ddgzyckx201304004 Zhou X M, Sun T, Shen W Z, et al. Petrogenesis of Mesozoic granitoids and volcanic rocks in South China:A response to tectonic evolution[J]. Episodes, 2006, 29(1):26-33. doi: 10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i1/004
Li X H, Li Z X, Li W X, et al. U-Pb zircon, geochemical and SrNd-Hf isotopic constraints on age and origin of Jurassic I-and Atype granites from central Guangdong, SE China:A major igneous event in response to foundering of a subducted flat-slab?[J]. Lithos, 2007, 96(1/2):186-204.
Wang Y, Fan W, Sun M, et al. Geochronological, geochemical and geothermal constraints on petrogenesis of the Indosinian peraluminous granites in the South China Block:A case study in the Hunan Province[J]. Lithos, 2007, 96(34):475-502. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=e0931ec38e190afb3f7350aa6140c1e3&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Wang Y, Fan W, Zhang G, et al. Phanerozoic tectonics of the South China Block:Key observations and controversies[J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(4):1273-1305. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2012.02.019
葛小月.海南岛中生代岩浆作用及其构造意义[D].中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所)博士学位论文, 2003: 15-18. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd-80165-2003092510.htm 谢才富, 朱金初, 赵子杰, 等.三亚石榴霓辉石正长岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄:对海南岛海西-印支期构造演化的制约[J].高校地质学报, 2005, 11(1):47-57. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-7493.2005.01.003 谢才富, 朱金初, 丁式江, 等.琼中海西期钾玄质侵入岩的厘定及其构造意义[J].科学通报, 2006, 51(16):1944-1954. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0023-074X.2006.16.014 Li X H, Li Z X, Li W X, et al. Initiation of the Indosinian Orogeny in South China:Evidence for a Permian Magmatic Arc on Hainan Island[J]. The Journal of Geology, 2006, 114(3):341-353. doi: 10.1086/501222
李艳军, 魏俊浩, 伍刚, 等.海南石碌地区早三叠世闪长玢岩脉U-Pb年代学及构造意义[J].地球科学-中国地质大学学报, 2013, 38(2):241-252. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqkx201302004 唐立梅, 陈汉林, 董传万, 等.海南岛中三叠世造山后伸展作用:双峰式侵入岩的年代学及地球化学制约[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2013, 43(3):433-445. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/7414821 唐立梅, 陈汉林, 董传万.海南岛晚中生代花岗闪长岩及其包体的锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义[J].地质科学, 2014, 49(1):259-274. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0563-5020.2014.01.019 温淑女.海南岛二叠纪-三叠纪岩浆作用的年代学与地球化学研究[D].中国科学院研究生院(广州地球化学研究所)博士学位论文, 2013: 106-118. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Thesis/Y2367700 黄芳燕.海南岛侏罗纪辉长岩-正长岩套地球化学特征与构造意义[D].东华理工大学硕士学位论文, 2017: 21-24. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-10405-1017836827.htm Condie K C, Belousova E, Griffin W L, et al. Granitoid events in space and time:Constraints from igneous and detrital zircon age spectra[J]. Gondwana Research, 2009, 15(3/4):228-242. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=2d32d3616ad838411865904604821747&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Hawkesworth C J, Dhuime B, Pietranik A B, et al. The generation and evolution of the continental crust[J]. Journal of the Geological Society, 2010, 167(2):229-248. doi: 10.1144/0016-76492009-072
Cawood P A, Nemchin A A. Paleogeographic development of the east Laurentian margin:Constraints from U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in the Newfoundland Appalachians[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2001, 113(9):1234-1246. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(2001)113<1234:PDOTEL>2.0.CO;2
邢光福, 杨祝良, 毛建仁, 等.东南大陆边缘早侏罗世火成岩特征及其构造意义[J].地质通报, 2002, 21(7):384-391. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2002.07.004 毛建仁, 高桥浩, 厉子龙, 等.中国东南部与日本中-新生代构造-岩浆作用对比研究[J].地质通报, 2009, 28(7):844-856. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2009.07.004 Gilder S A, Gill J, Coe R S, et al. Isotopic and paleomagnetic constraints on the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of south China[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996, 101(B7):16137-16154. doi: 10.1029/96JB00662
Li Z X, Li X H. Formation of the 1300-km-wide intracontinental orogen and postorogenic magmatic province in Mesozoic South China:A flat-slab subduction model[J]. Geology, 2007, 35(2):179-182. doi: 10.1130-G23193A.1/
Zhu W G, Zhong H, Li X H, et al. The early Jurassic maficultramafic intrusion and A-type granite from northeastern Guangdong, SE China:Age, origin, and tectonic significance[J]. Lithos, 2010, 119(34):313-329. http://cn.bing.com/academic/profile?id=b9b0a9234fe3a898bf6b418b302a1fed&encoded=0&v=paper_preview&mkt=zh-cn
Ye H M, Mao J R, Zhao X L, et al. Revisiting Early-Middle Jurassic igneous activity in the Nanling Mountains, South China:Geochemistry and implications for regional geodynamics[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 72:108-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2012.07.010
邢新龙, 邢光福, 陈世忠, 等.浙江庆元地区早-中侏罗世火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质特征[J].地质通报, 2017, 36(9):1583-1590. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2017.09.010 Shen L, Yu J H, O'Reilly S Y, et al. Widespread Paleoproterozoic basement in the eastern Cathaysia Block:Evidence from metasedimentary rocks of the Pingtan-Dongshan metamorphic belt, in southeastern China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2016, 285:91-108. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2016.09.017
刘念, 姜宝玉, 周雪瑶, 等.粤东盆地早侏罗世金鸡组物源分析及其对华南构造背景的约束[J].高校地质学报, 2018, 24(1):65-76. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/gxdzxb201801006 Guo F, Fan W, Li C, et al. Multi-stage crust-mantle interaction in SE China:Temporal, thermal and compositional constraints from the Mesozoic felsic volcanic rocks in eastern Guangdong-Fujian provinces[J]. Lithos, 2012, 150:62-84. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2011.12.009
Liu L, Xu X, Zou H. Episodic eruptions of the Late Mesozoic volcanic sequences in southeastern Zhejiang, SE China:Petrogenesis and implications for the geodynamics of paleo-Pacific subduction[J]. Lithos, 2012, 154:166-180. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2012.07.002
Li B, Jiang S Y, Zhang Q, et al. Geochemistry, geochronology and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic compositions of Middle to Late Jurassic syenite-granodiorites-dacite in South China:Petrogenesis and tectonic implications[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 35:217-237. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2015.05.006
Cawood P A, Hawkesworth C J, Dhuime B. Detrital zircon record and tectonic setting[J]. Geology, 2012, 40(10):875-878. doi: 10.1130/G32945.1
Lin W, Wang Q, Chen K. Phanerozoic tectonics of south China block:New insights from the polyphase deformation in the Yunkai massif[J]. Tectonics, 2008, 27(6):TC6004. doi: 10.1029-2007TC002207/
张岳桥, 徐先兵, 贾东, 等.华南早中生代从印支期碰撞构造体系向燕山期俯冲构造体系转换的形变记录[J].地学前缘, 2009, 16(1):234-247. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2009.01.026 Zou S, Yu L, Yu D, et al. Precambrian continental crust evolution of Hainan Island in South China:Constraints from detrital zircon Hf isotopes of metaclastic-sedimentary rocks in the Shilu Fe-CoCu ore district[J]. Precambrian Research, 2017, 296:195-207. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2017.04.020
Xu Y, Cawood P A, Du Y, et al. Terminal suturing of Gondwana along the southern margin of South China Craton:Evidence from detrital zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes in Cambrian and Ordovician strata, Hainan Island[J]. Tectonics, 2014, 33:2490-2504. doi: 10.1002/2014TC003748
Zhou Y, Liang X, Liang X, et al. U-Pb geochronology and Hfisotopes on detrital zircons of Lower Paleozoic strata from Hainan Island:New clues for the early crustal evolution of southeastern South China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2015, 27(4):1586-1598. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.01.015
Yu J H, Wang L, O'Reilly S Y, et al. A Paleoproterozoic orogeny recorded in a long-lived cratonic remnant (Wuyishan terrane), eastern Cathaysia Block, China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2009, 174(34):347-363. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=6f08117aeb84bffa1237d4550a67459b
Yu J H, O'Reilly S Y, Wang L, et al. Components and episodic growth of Precambrian crust in the Cathaysia Block, South China:Evidence from U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes of zircons in Neoproterozoic sediments[J]. Precambrian Research, 2010, 181(1/4):97-114. doi: 10.1016-j.precamres.2010.05.016/
Li L, Sun M, Wang Y, et al. Geochronological and Geochemical study of Palaeoproterozoic gneissic granites and clinopyroxenite xenoliths from NW Fujian, SE China:Implications for the crustal evolution of the Cathaysia Block[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2011, 41(2):204-212. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.01.017
Liu Q, Yu J H, O'Reilly S Y, et al. Origin and geological significance of Paleoproterozoic granites in the northeastern Cathaysia Block, South China[J]. Precambrian Research, 2014, 248:72-95. doi: 10.1016/j.precamres.2014.04.001
Hu L, Cawood P A, Du Y, et al. Permo-Triassic detrital records of South China and implications for the Indosinian events in East Asia[J]. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 2017, 485:84-100. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.06.005
Xu D R, Xia B, Li P C, et al. Protolith natures and U-Pb sensitive high mass-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon ages of the metabasites in Hainan Island, South China:Implications for geodynamic evolution since the late Precambrian[J]. Island Arc, 2007, 16(4):575-597. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1738.2007.00584.x
Xu D, Xia B, Bakun-Czubarow N, et al. Geochemistry and SrNd isotope systematics of metabasites in the Tunchang area, Hainan Island, South China:implications for petrogenesis and tectonic setting[J]. Mineralogy and Petrology, 2008, 92(34):361-391.
Li Z X, Li X H, Wartho J A, et al. Magmatic and metamorphic events during the early Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai orogeny, southeastern South China:New age constraints and pressuretemperature conditions[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 2010, 122(56):772-793. doi: 10.1130-B30021.1/
Xia Y, Xu X, Zou H, et al. Early Paleozoic crust-mantle interaction and lithosphere delamination in South China Block:Evidence from geochronology, geochemistry, and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of granites[J]. Lithos, 2014, 184/187:416-435. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2013.11.014
温淑女, 梁新权, 范蔚茗, 等.海南岛乐东地区志仲岩体锆石UPb年代学、Hf同位素研究及其构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿学, 2013, 37(2):294-307. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1552.2013.02.012 宜昌地质矿产研究所海南地质大队联合区调队. 1: 5万南山岭幅、马岭幅、崖县幅区域地质调查报告.1991. 海南省地质调查院. 1: 5万番阳幅、五指山幅、营盘村幅、乘坡幅区域地质调查报告.2013. 海南省地质调查院. 1: 5万铺前市幅、景心角幅、三江市幅、翁田市幅、大致坡幅区域地质调查报告.2016.
计量
- 文章访问数: 3902
- HTML全文浏览量: 353
- PDF下载量: 2677
