Some problems concerning measuring shale gas content of rocks with gas desorption method
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摘要:
岩石含气量是页岩气资源量评价及勘探开发的关键性技术指标, 其测试技术与方法尚处于发展与完善过程中。利用恒温解析-氢火焰离子检测法对柴达木盆地柴页1井侏罗系大煤沟组不同岩性的岩心进行了页岩气解析测试, 通过对解析曲线和含气量数据分析研究发现:①页岩气解析测试的气体释放过程包括一系列的复杂解析过程, 而非简单的解吸附过程, 具有多级性, 其解析速率曲线表现出多峰性; ②岩石中吸附气的解吸量在早期恒温解析阶段遵循USBM直线规律, 这一时间段的解析数据适合于计算损失气量; ③岩石中的残余气是被岩石的物理构造所限滞的气体部分, 应该在将岩石粉碎后测定; ④将含页岩气岩心短期封存对于解析气测定结果的影响不大, 在30天内完成测试即可。这些认识对于页岩气解析测试技术方法的改进、完善与规范具有重要参考价值。
Abstract:The measurement of shale gas content using isotherm desorption method for the complex Jurassic shale-mudstone-sand-stone-coal rock system was conducted with cores from the Chaiye-1 well drilled in Qaidam Basin. According to the data achieved, methodology for measuring shale gas content of rocks with isotherm desorption method was discussed based on practice. First, the shale gas desorption curve of rocks commonly exhibits multiple desorption peaks, due to the fact that the shale gas in rock represents not only adsorbed gas but also physically bound gas, and it desorbs when the micro physical structure in the rock is altered by the desorption process. Second, the lost shale gas portion of the rocks should be restored with the desorption data achieved at the early stage, which represents desorption of adsorbed gas at a stable manner. Third, residue gas of the rocks should only be measured by cracking the rocks to powder, since it is physically enclosed in the rocks. Fourth, shale gas in cores can be measured with isotherm desorption method later after the cores are canned and sealed in the desorption chamber without unreasonably data discrimination within 30 days.
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Keywords:
- shale gas /
- gas desorption measurement method /
- Chaiye-1 well
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鸣谢: 中国地质调查局任收麦研究员、中国地质调查局油气资源调查中心包书景研究员为本项研究提供了岩心样品和现场测试条件和相关地质资料，周志、郭天旭等柴页1井项目组成员在样品采集与测试中提供了大力帮助，谨致谢忱。
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图 1 岩石解析气测量仪组件结构示意图
1—氢气；2—空气；3—氢火焰离子化检测器（FID）；4—气路控制单元；5—解析灌；6—恒温腔；7、8、9—稳流阀；10—数字控制与数据采集单元
Figure 1. Structural sketch of the device used for gas desorption test
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图 3 部分岩心的烃类气体解析体积与解析时间平方根关系曲线
（实线段部分标识遵循USBM直线规律的区间，对应解析速率曲线的2号峰从峰值降到峰谷的时间段）
Figure 3. Correlations of desorption gas volumes with square root of desorption time
表 1 柴页1井含气量测试岩心样品及其测试信息
Table 1 Related information of gas content tested cores of Chaiye-1 well
序号 取样并段/m 岩性 升井时间
/min暴露时间
/min开始测试前的罐内封存时间/min 1号峰结束时间
/min1 1911.5 浅灰色细砂岩 518 24 31 97 2 1921.15 灰色泥岩 375 29 30189 80 3 1925.8 褐黑色油页岩 375 12 1287 61 4 1935.34 灰黑色炭质泥岩 330 15 9 21 5 1953.1 黑色炭质泥岩 338 18 42655 48 6 1954 灰黑色炭质泥岩(高含砂） 338 34 27464 62 7 1962.1 灰黑色炭质泥岩 334 24 3618 39 8 1974.97 灰黑色炭质泥岩 353 17 2 23 9 1980.7 深灰色粉砂岩 340 376 2 24 10 1995.6 灰黑色砂质泥岩 796 14 4 20 11 2000.38 深灰色砂质泥岩 333 22 20348 46 12 2012.5 灰白色中砂岩 434 8 2535 72 13 2026.85 灰黑色炭质泥岩 342 25 6175 26 14 2036.78 黑色煤 647 16 3 61 15 2093.12 黑色煤 432 13 881 78 
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表 2 柴页1井部分岩心的含气量测试结果
Table 2 Hydrocarbon gas content of the cores tested
序号 取样井段
/m岩性 含气量 解析体积/(mL.kg-1) 损失体积/(mL.kg-1) 残余体积/(mL.kg-1) 残余气份额/% 损失气份额/% 损失速率/(%·min-1) 1 1911.5 浅灰色细砂岩 1325.3 514.2 2259.4 55.1 12.5 0.044 2 1921.15 灰色泥岩 286.0 128.5 124.2 23.1 23.9 0.11 3 1925.8 褐黑色油页岩 431.0 346.3 124.5 13.8 38.4 0.192 4 1935.34 灰黑色炭质泥岩 142.4 126.1 215.5 44.5 26.1 0.145 5 1953.1 黑色炭质泥岩 174.3 177.8 493.0 58.3 21 0.113 6 1954 灰黑色炭质泥岩(高含砂） 159.2 27.8 191.8 50.6 7.3 0.036 7 1962.1 灰黑色炭质泥岩 378.2 133.5 337.3 39.7 15.7 0.082 8 1974.97 灰黑色炭质泥岩 108.2 50.7 75.5 32.2 21.6 0.112 9 1980.7 深灰色粉砂岩 38.0 71.0 198.4 64.5 23.1 0.042 10 2000.38 深灰色砂质泥岩 17.4 15.2 209.1 86.5 6.3 0.033 11 2012.5 灰白色中砂岩 1569.5 1370.0 2050.5 41.1 27.5 0.122 12 2026.85 灰黑色炭质泥岩 246.8 258.1 135.0 21.1 40.3 0.206 13 2036.78 黑色煤 3710.8 3717.8 1190.6 13.8 43.1 0.127 14 2093.12 黑色煤 3198.6 1750.2 1111.2 18.3 28.9 0.126 注：损失时间=升井时间/2+暴露时间；损失速率为单位损失时间内总含气量的损失百分率平均值
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