摘要:
本文利用云南省矿山开发状况遥感监测成果和区域自然地理数据，对云南省三江成矿带进行矿山生态修复评价，提出分区恢复治理建议。评价体系包括矿山开发占地方式、开采方式、矿种和污染类型等4个矿山开发因子和海拔、坡度、坡向、土地覆被类型、降雨量和光照时间等6个自然因子，利用层析分析法（AHP）确定评价因子权重，将研究区分为矿山环境严重影响区、较重影响区、中等影响区和较弱影响区，面积分别为780.68 km2、3356.80 km2、6640.84 km2和174569.36 km2，占比分别为0.4%、1.8%、3.5%和94.1%。评价结果表明，严重影响区和较重影响区内的矿山生态修复的重点应放在大规模露天开采造成大量的植被和土地资源损毁，以及严重污染的固体废弃物的长期堆积导致的土壤、水体酸化和重金属富集。中等影响区内的矿山生态环境问题主要表现为中转场地、固体废弃物对土地资源的压占和矿山开采对地貌景观的破坏。较轻影响区内的矿山开发活动规模小，且零星分布，对矿山生态环境的影响相对较小。
Abstract:
This paper assesses the mining ecological restoration of the Sanjiang metallogenic belt in Yunnan province, using remote sensing monitoring results and regional natural geographic data. The evaluate system includes four mine exploitation indexes (land occupation type, mining method, mineral species, and pollution type) and six physical geography indexes (altitude, slope, aspect, land cover type, rainfall, and illumination time). Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, the study area has been divided into severely affected zone, heavily affected zone, moderately affected zone, and weakly affected zone, whose areas are 80.68 km2, 3356.80 km2, 6640.84 km2, and 174569.36 km2, respectively, accounting for 0.4%, 1.8%, 3.5%, and 94.1%, respectively. The assessment results indicate that mining ecological restoration of the severely affected and heavily affected zones should mainly focus on the extensive damage to vegetation and land resources caused by large-scale open-pit mining, as well as the acidification and heavy metal enrichment of water and soil caused by long-term accumulation of heavily polluted solid waste. The mining ecological problems of the moderately affected zone are mainly the occupation of land resources caused by transfer sites and solid waste, as well as the damage to landscape caused by mining. In the weakly affected zone, the mining activities are of small scale and distribute sporadically, which have relatively minor effects on the ecological environment of mines.
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