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| 全球氦气产业链分析与中国应对策略 |
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唐金荣1,2, 张宇轩1,2, 周俊林1,2, 李玉宏1,2,3, 牛亚卓1,2,3
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1.中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心(西北地质科技创新中心), 陕西 西安 710054;2.中国-上海合作组织地学合作研究中心, 陕西 西安 710054;3.中国地质调查局北方古生界油气地质重点实验室, 陕西 西安 710054
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| 摘要: |
| 氦气作为关系国家安全和高新技术产业发展的战略性稀有气体资源,在液体燃料火箭发射、深潜水等多个领域无可替代,深刻影响着“深空、深海、深地、深蓝”等领域的高质量发展。氦气产业链与创新链的融合发展是提高氦气资源供给安全的重要方式,对推动氦气供给侧结构性改革、构建氦气多元供应体系具有重要意义。从资源端、供给端、消费端、贸易端、技术端等方面梳理了全球氦气资源产业链与创新链发展态势,通过对中国氦气资源条件、产能建设、对外依存度、进口国集中度、进口企业集中度、未来供需趋势、产业技术链、管理机制等指标的梳理,分析了中国氦气产业发展现状和面临的问题挑战,探讨了相应的氦气产业发展路径。研究认为,全球氦气资源潜力巨大,但大多数国家勘探程度较低;全球氦气产能、供给、需求和贸易格局深刻变化,供需矛盾长期存在;氦气成藏理论与勘查开发技术尚不成熟,提氦装备不断完善;全球氦气产能发展总体态势良好,出现“氦热”潮,开发主体日益多元化,或将改变全球氦气供需格局。面对全球氦气资源产业链格局和产业发展新趋势,中国氦气发展挑战与机遇并存。中国必须开展补链强链工作,着力加强氦气资源调查评价,开展关键技术装备攻关,加大市场主体培育力度,推进多元供应体系建设,打造自主可控的创新链,形成稳定、有韧性的产业链,为高新技术产业发展提供氦气资源保障。 |
| 关键词: 氦气资源 产生链与创新链 安全供给 发展路径 |
| DOI：10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2023.01.001 |
| 分类号:P618.13;TQ116.4+1 |
| 基金项目:中国地质调查局项目《全国氦气资源潜力评价与战略选区调查》(编号:DD20221665)和陕西省创新人才推进计划《造山带地层层序恢复:以甘蒙北山造山带南部的石炭—二叠系为例》(编号:2021KJXX-74) |
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| Analysis of global helium industry chain and China's strategy |
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TANG Jinrong1,2, ZHANG Yuxuan1,2, ZHOU Junlin1,2, LI Yuhong1,2,3, NIU Yazhuo1,2,3
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1.Xi'an Center of Geological Survey(Northwest China Center of Geoscience Innovation), China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China;2.China-SCO Geosciences Cooperation Research Center, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China;3.Key Laboratory of Paleozoic Oil and Gas Geology in North China, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
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| Abstract: |
| As an important strategic rare gas resource related to national security and the development of high-tech industries,helium is irreplaceable in liquid fuel rocket launch,deep diving and other fields,and has a profound impact on the high-quality development of "deep space,deep sea,deep earth,deep blue" and other fields.The integrated development of helium industry and innovation chains plays an important role to improve the security of resource supply.It has a great significance to promote the structural reform of helium supply and build a diversified helium supply system.This paper analyses the development situation of global helium resources industry and innovation chains integrated the resource side,the supply side,the consumption side,the trade side and the technology side.This study proposes the development status and challenges of China's helium industry and the corresponding development path of helium industry based on indicators such as resource conditions,capacity construction,foreign dependence,concentration of importing countries,concentration of importing enterprises,risk of importing countries,substitutability,the recycling rate,future supply and demand trend,industrial technology chain,management mechanisms.The results show that the global helium resource potential is considerable,but most countries remain in low exploration level;The global helium production capacity,supply,demand and trade pattern would be profoundly changing,but the contradiction between supply and demand would persist for a long time;The helium reservoir forming theory and exploration and development technology are underdeveloped,and the helium extraction equipment is continuously improved;The overall trend of global helium production develops well with a "helium heat" tide.The development subjects become diversified,which may change the global helium supply and demand pattern.China's helium development challenges and opportunities coexist considering the global helium resource industry chain pattern and the new trend of industry development.The 2022 is the key year to implement "the 14th Five Year Plan".It is desirable to conduct the work including the integrated chain analysis,the investigation and evaluation of helium resources,technical equipment research,the cultivation of market players,the construction of a diversified supply system.The above work will build an independent and controllable innovation chain,form a stable and resilient industrial chain,and provide helium resources guarantee for the development of high-tech industries. |
| Key words: helium resources industrial chain and innovation chain safety supply development path |
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