| 摘要: |
| 云南德钦地区位于青藏高原南延部位横断山纵谷地带，多数村镇海拔在3000 m以上，地质构造复杂，岩体破碎，滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害频发、易发，属于"三区三州"内典型的高海拔贫困区。通过在该区域内开展地质灾害调查与监测，查明了高海拔贫困山区的地质灾害分布特征和成灾机理。以日因卡滑坡为例，采用"空-天-地"一体化技术，结合滑坡研究区的工程地质条件，现场调查分析滑坡潜在失稳机理与滑坡运动特征，围绕地质灾害调查评价、监测预警、应急防治等体系开展工作，得到几点认识：①滑坡失稳与地表降水、冰雪融水、冻融循环作用及切坡建房等人类工程活动密切相关；②根据滑坡变形特征，概化其孕灾失稳过程，即前缘局部滑动阶段→蠕滑-拉裂阶段→整体滑动阶段→铲刮覆盖阶段；③基于分析澜沧江流域滑坡灾害的发育特征，总结了此类滑坡的成灾模式，并针对性地提出了"三区三州"高海拔贫困区内地质灾害的防治措施和建议，为贫困区科学防灾减灾提供了技术支撑和科学依据，切实保障了贫困群众的生命财产安全。 |
| 关键词: "空-天-地"一体化 滑坡 灾害分布特征 成灾机理 脱贫攻坚 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:P642.22 |
| 基金项目:中国地质调查局项目《澜沧江德钦-兰坪段灾害地质调查》（编号：DD20190647） |
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| Development characteristics and formation mechanism of Deqin Riyinka landslide in Yunnan |
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YAN Maohua, WEI Yunjie, LI Yamin, LIU Mingxue, WANG Wenpei, WANG Junhao, CAO Feng
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China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| The Deqin area of Yunnan is located in the vertical valley of the Hengduan Mountain along the southern extension of the Tibetan Plateau.Most villages and towns are more than 3000 meters above the sea level.The geological structure there is complex,rock masses are broken,and landslides,collapses,debris flows and other geological disasters are frequent and prone to occur.Deqin is hence a typical high-altitude poverty area in the three districts and three prefectures.In accordance with the requirements of strengthening geological disaster investigation and monitoring and early warning in the Ministry of Natural Resources 2020 Plan for Poverty Alleviation Work and through the investigation and monitoring of geological disasters in this area,the distribution characteristics and mechanism of and disasters of geological disasters in high-altitude poor mountainous areas were identified.With Riyinka landslide as an example,the authors adopted "air-space-ground" integrated technology in combination with the engineering geological conditions of the landslide study area,investigated and analyzed the potential instability mechanism and landslide movement characteristics of the landslide,and focused on the investigation,evaluation and monitoring of geological disasters.Early warning,emergency prevention and other systems were carried out,and several understandings were obtained as follows:①Landslide instability is closely related to human engineering activities such as surface precipitation,ice and snow melting,freezing and thawing cycles,and cutting slopes and building houses;②According to landslide deformation characteristics,the authors generalized the disaster-pregnancy and instability procese,i.e.,local sliding stage at the leading edge → creeping-cracking stage → overall sliding stage → scraping and covering stage.③Based on the analysis of the development characteristics of landslide disasters in the Lancang River Basin,the authors made a disaster model of such landslides,and put forward the prevention and control measures and suggestions for tackling geological disasters in high-altitude poverty areas in the three districts and three prefectures.Scientific disaster prevention and mitigation provide technical support and scientific basis and can effectively protect the lives and property of the poor. |
| Key words: "air-space-ground" integration landslide disaster distribution characteristics disaster mechanism poverty alleviation |
