The discovery of Early Triassic volcanic rocks in Zhanhongshan area of Qinghai Province in the eastern section of East Kunlun Mountain and its geological significance
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摘要:
在东昆仑东段都兰县沟里乡战红山地区开展1：2.5万区域地质矿产调查工作时，新填绘出一套早三叠世火山岩地层，主要为一套酸性火山岩局部夹灰岩组合，具海相喷发特点。火山岩主量元素显示为弱过铝质中钾-高钾钙碱性系列岩石，轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损，Eu中等负异常。大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th富集，高场强元素Ti、Nb、Ta等亏损，构造环境显示具有岛弧火山岩特征。通过LA-ICP-MS方法获得流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为244.1±1.8 Ma，认为该套火山岩形成于早三叠世。结合东昆仑区域构造演化，认为战红山地区酸性火山岩地层是与东昆仑东段同时期大规模岛弧型花岗岩配套的弧火山岩，为早三叠世阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋向北俯冲阶段岩浆活动的产物，是继东昆仑中段晚二叠世大灶火沟组的发现与建组之后，在东昆仑地区晚二叠世-早三叠世存在火山活动的又一力证。
Abstract:During 1:25000 regional geological and mineral resources survey in Zhanhongshan area of Gouli Township, Dulan Country, Eastern Kunlun Mountain, conducted by the authors, a set of Early Triassic volcanic rocks was mapped.The rocks consist mainly of a set of acidic volcanic rocks with local limestone assemblage, characterized by marine eruption.The main elements of volcanic rocks suggest weakly peraluminous rocks such as medium-K to high-K calc-alkaline series, assuming LREE-enriched pattern.The REE distribution pattern shows medium Eu anomaly, enrichment of LILE K, Rb, Ba and Th and depletion of HFSE Ti, Nb and Ta.The tectonic environment shows characteristics of island arc volcanic rocks.The zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb age of rhyolite is 244.1±1.8 Ma.It is believed that the volcanic rocks were formed in the Early Triassic.Combined with regional tectonic evolution of East Kunlun, it is considered that the acidic volcanic rocks in the Zhanhongshan area were associated with large-scale island-arc granites in the eastern part of East Kunlun, and they were formed by magmatic activity during the northward subduction of the Early Triassic in Animaqin of Paleo-Tethys Ocean.It seems to be a fine example of volcanic activity during the Late Permian to Early Triassic in the East Kunlun area after the discovery and establishment of the Late Permian Dazaohuo Formation in the middle part of the East Kunlun Mountain.
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致谢: 成文过程中得到长安大学李瑞保、刘成军博士的指导，青海省地质调查局史连昌高级工程师提出了宝贵的修改意见，在此一并表示衷心的感谢。
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图 1 战红山地区地质简图
a—研究区区域构造位置图；b—战红山地区地质简图；1—第四纪沉积物；2—早三叠世战红山火山岩；3—三叠纪洪水川组、闹仓坚沟组、希里可特组；4—石炭纪哈拉郭勒组、浩特洛哇组；5—早泥盆世契盖苏组；6—寒武纪长石山蛇绿构造混杂岩；7—古元古代金水口岩群；8—中三叠世正长花岗岩；9—早三叠世花岗闪长岩；10—中奥陶世花岗岩；11—灰岩岩块；12—白云岩岩块；13—变砂岩岩块；14—橄榄岩岩块；15—玄武岩岩块；16—糜棱岩；17—整合、侵入界线；18—角度不整合界线；19—断层界线；20—同位素样品采样位置
Figure 1. Simplified geological map of Zhanhongshan area
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图版Ⅰ a.英安岩露头处斑状结构特征; b.英安岩镜下钠长石聚片双晶; c.英安岩镜下球粒结构特征; d、e.流纹岩露头处流纹构造特征; f.流纹岩镜下流纹构造特征; g、h.英安质晶屑岩屑含角砾凝灰岩露头处角砾特征; i.英安质晶屑岩屑含角砾凝灰岩镜下火山角砾特征
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图 6 流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图(a)和年龄加权平均值图(b)
Figure 6. Zircon U-Pb concordia diagram(a)and weighted age diagram(b)of rhyolite
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图 7 战红山地区火山岩Y-Nb(a)和Yb-Ta(b)图解(a、b底图据参考文献[28])
WPG—板内花岗岩；VAG—火山弧花岗岩；syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；ORG—洋中脊花岗岩
Figure 7. Y-Nb(a)and Yb-Ta(b)diagrams for volcanic rocks of Zhanhongshan area
表 1 战红山地区火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth element concentrations for volcanic rocks of Zhanhongshan area
样品 PM305 DH3-1 PM305 DH6-1 PM305 DH12-1 PM305 DH45-1 PM305 DH13-1 PM305 DH32-1 PM305 DH35-1 岩性 英安岩 流纹岩 SiO2 75.64 74.11 75.02 71.72 74.61 73.95 74.76 TiO2 0.15 0.22 0.18 0.33 0.21 0.06 0.05 Al2O3 12.29 13.02 12.53 13.91 13.03 12.10 12.70 Fe2O3 0.81 1.05 0.46 1.38 0.58 0.30 0.76 FeO 0.98 1.08 1.35 1.75 1.58 0.78 0.48 MnO 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 MgO 1.05 0.72 0.78 0.80 0.88 0.43 0.38 CaO 1.04 0.74 0.81 0.92 0.72 0.92 0.85 Na2O 4.05 4.43 4.18 6.91 5.57 3.26 3.02 K2O 2.02 3.01 3.12 0.43 1.26 4.09 5.32 P2O5 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.02 0.02 烧失量 1.32 1.11 0.96 1.11 1.07 3.69 1.26 总计 99.45 99.62 99.52 99.46 99.65 99.67 99.67 A/NK 1.39 1.23 1.22 1.18 1.24 1.24 1.18 A/CNK 1.14 1.09 1.07 1.03 1.10 1.05 1.04 σ 1.13 1.78 1.66 1.88 1.48 1.75 2.19 Cs 0.74 0.58 0.76 0.21 0.69 1.37 1.15 Rb 57.85 69.97 84.17 5.88 28.62 140.86 176.05 Ba 927.55 1174.32 960.12 123.51 411.11 1076.15 1416.71 Th 9.98 16.19 15.36 4.24 7.09 17.11 18.78 U 1.87 2.58 2.94 0.58 1.46 4.38 4.50 Ta 1.29 1.57 1.56 0.83 1.25 1.81 2.05 Nb 11.22 12.53 11.81 9.43 11.82 13.49 15.22 La 34.42 32.28 31.84 28.81 35.06 25.78 27.06 Ce 64.93 58.90 55.26 57.72 64.57 48.02 50.31 Sr 119.82 114.36 73.03 71.99 92.19 69.20 63.97 Nd 28.13 21.01 20.62 28.60 27.17 20.07 21.39 Hf 3.60 3.60 3.30 5.40 4.60 2.80 2.90 Zr 128.30 129.50 118.00 215.10 174.20 74.00 75.00 Sm 5.23 3.78 3.81 5.72 4.89 4.38 4.70 Tb 0.81 0.60 0.58 0.94 0.75 0.78 0.83 Y 28.68 20.90 20.05 34.15 25.66 28.37 30.33 Yb 3.63 2.55 2.25 4.15 3.06 3.50 3.45 Lu 0.55 0.40 0.36 0.64 0.49 0.53 0.54 La 34.42 32.28 31.84 28.81 35.06 25.78 27.06 Ce 64.93 58.90 55.26 57.72 64.57 48.02 50.31 Pr 7.96 6.32 6.15 7.49 7.66 5.78 6.15 Nd 28.13 21.01 20.62 28.60 27.17 20.07 21.39 Sm 5.23 3.78 3.81 5.72 4.89 4.38 4.70 Eu 0.89 0.74 0.78 1.24 1.04 0.57 0.62 Gd 4.84 3.70 3.59 5.25 4.46 4.38 4.67 Tb 0.81 0.60 0.58 0.94 0.75 0.78 0.83 Dy 5.05 3.62 3.40 5.83 4.48 4.87 5.11 Ho 1.02 0.73 0.68 1.22 0.91 0.99 1.04 Er 3.26 2.24 2.10 3.77 2.82 3.14 3.20 Tm 0.54 0.38 0.35 0.63 0.47 0.52 0.52 Yb 3.63 2.55 2.25 4.15 3.06 3.50 3.45 Lu 0.55 0.40 0.36 0.64 0.49 0.53 0.54 LREE 141.57 123.03 118.45 129.59 140.39 104.60 110.25 HREE 19.70 14.22 13.31 22.43 17.43 18.72 19.36 ΣREE 161.27 137.26 131.75 152.02 157.82 123.31 129.61 LREE/ HREE 7.19 8.65 8.90 5.78 8.06 5.59 5.69 δEu 0.53 0.60 0.63 0.68 0.67 0.40 0.40 (La/Yb)N 6.39 8.53 9.52 4.68 7.72 4.96 5.29 (La/Sm)N 4.14 5.38 5.26 3.17 4.51 3.71 3.62 (Gd/Yb)N 1.08 1.17 1.29 1.02 1.17 1.01 1.09 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6 
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表 2 流纹岩(PM305JD30-1)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb data of the rhyolite(PM305JD30-1)
测点 含量/10-6 Th/U 位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 1 19.0 94.5 166.9 0.57 0.0385 0.0006 0.2652 0.0053 0.0490 0.0017 244 4 239 4 150 83 2 25.4 136.3 206.9 0.66 0.0385 0.0006 0.2700 0.0067 0.0511 0.0011 243 4 243 5 256 50 313.565.0142.00.460.03710.00060.31080.01180.06110.00212354 2759643794 14.4 69.3 149.8 0.46 0.0384 0.0008 0.2775 0.0075 0.0527 0.0012 243 5 249 6 322 52 5 40.9 234.0 274.2 0.85 0.0386 0.0008 0.2739 0.0064 0.0518 0.0010 244 5 246 5 276 44 623.9134.8239.70.560.03600.00080.25630.00850.05160.001322852327265567 12.5 62.5 132.3 0.47 0.0384 0.0007 0.2817 0.0073 0.0532 0.0013 243 4 252 6 339 54 8 32.8 170.4 250.5 0.68 0.0386 0.0008 0.2770 0.0052 0.0525 0.0011 244 5 248 4 309 46 9 17.1 78.9 154.5 0.51 0.0385 0.0006 0.2812 0.0072 0.0530 0.0014 243 4 252 6 332 57 1022.5108.7198.40.550.03680.00070.27960.00940.05250.00232334 2507 30612811 16.9 79.5 180.1 0.44 0.0385 0.0006 0.2816 0.0060 0.0533 0.0013 244 4 252 5 339 56 12 21.0 114.9 204.1 0.56 0.0386 0.0007 0.2760 0.0057 0.0519 0.0012 244 4 248 5 283 50 13 19.4 100.7 174.5 0.58 0.0385 0.0006 0.2766 0.0061 0.0525 0.0017 244 4 248 5 306 79 14 23.1 125.3 203.9 0.61 0.0387 0.0007 0.2799 0.0071 0.0522 0.0018 245 5 251 6 295 80 15 48.2 273.3 343.0 0.80 0.0385 0.0005 0.2876 0.0057 0.0543 0.0011 243 3 257 4 383 44 1610.548.2109.00.440.04070.00070.32080.00980.05570.00212574 2838 4398317 22.7 121.5 195.8 0.62 0.0390 0.0006 0.2839 0.0061 0.0529 0.0010 246 4 254 5 324 43 18 52.2 319.8 348.4 0.92 0.0385 0.0005 0.2694 0.0055 0.0494 0.0019 244 3 242 4 169 89 1942.6221.4282.40.780.04060.00050.29410.00550.05260.001025732624 309820 43.4 261.3 292.2 0.89 0.0381 0.0008 0.2739 0.0060 0.0524 0.0010 241 5 246 5 302 44 21 17.2 78.6 179.9 0.44 0.0393 0.0006 0.2637 0.0056 0.0487 0.0012 249 4 238 5 200 61 2219.2108.2181.40.600.03530.00050.27530.00650.05670.0013223324754805223 11.2 48.9 119.4 0.41 0.0382 0.0006 0.2755 0.0080 0.0525 0.0018 242 4 247 6 309 78 24 30.0 168.3 234.8 0.72 0.0385 0.0007 0.2608 0.0052 0.0492 0.0009 243 4 235 4 167 38 25 24.9 141.1 234.1 0.60 0.0392 0.0007 0.2650 0.0059 0.0493 0.0012 248 4 239 5 161 56 注：划线数据(3、6、10、16、19、22号测点)为剔除数据
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