Geochemical characteristics and geological significance of basalt in the Armantai ophiolite, east Junggar, Xinjiang
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摘要:
阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带位于新疆东准噶尔地区，蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩、堆晶岩、基性火山岩较发育，层序组合虽受构造破坏，但从总体来看仍是一套组合比较完整的蛇绿岩，岩石变形变质强烈，普遍发生绿泥石化、绿帘石化。蛇绿岩中基性熔岩可分为3种类型，即洋岛玄武岩（OIB）、洋中脊玄武岩（MORB）和岛弧玄武岩（IAT）。其中洋岛玄武岩不属于蛇绿岩成分，是后期卷入蛇绿岩带随其他组分一同构造就位而成；基性熔岩主量和微量元素特征揭示岩浆源于亏损的地幔源区，且存在消减组分加入的交代作用，表明其成因与俯冲作用有关。结合岩石地球化学特征和构造环境判别图解，基性熔岩显示出IAT和MORB兼具并呈现过渡的特点，推断该蛇绿岩的形成与岛弧相关，其形成可能介于洋脊到海沟之间的偏海沟区域。
Abstract:The Armantai ophiolite belt is located in the east Junggar basin of Xinjiang. Metamorphic peridotite, cumulate rocks and basic volcanic rocks in the ophiolite belt are extensively developed. In spite of the fact that the sequence combination has been damaged by the structure, it on the whole remains a set of ophiolites with relatively complete assemblage. The rocks were deformed and experienced strong metamorphism, and have generally experienced chloritization and epidotization. The basic lava of Armantai ophiolite can be divided into three types, i.e., oceanic island basalt, oceanic ridge basalt and island arc basalt. Among them, oceanic island basalt did not belong to the ophiolite composition, it was involved in ophiolite belt at a later stage with other components into tectonic emplacement. The characteristics of major elements and trace elements of the basic lava show that the magma was derived from the depleted mantle and experienced metasomatism with the addition of the components of subduction zone. It is shown that its was related to the subduction. Combined with the tectonic setting and geochemical diagrams, the basic lava shows both IAT and MORB features and has the transitional characteristics. It can be inferred that the formation of the ophiolite was related to island arcs, and it probably occurred in partial oceanic trench region between oceanic ridge and oceanic trench.
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Keywords:
- Armantai ophiolite /
- geochemical characteristics /
- tectonic environment /
- East Junggar /
- Xinjiang
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致谢: 野外工作得到中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心王洪亮副主任、马中平研究员、朱涛等同事的指导与帮助，文章编写中得到西安地质调查中心冯益明、朱宝清等专家的帮助与指导，审稿专家提出宝贵的修改意见，岩石地球化学测试工作得到西安地质调查中心测试中心的帮助，在此一并致谢。
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图 1 阿尔曼太蛇绿岩分布略图
Q—第四系；O1—2Q—青河岩群；O3bs—晚奥陶世巴斯他乌组；D1t—早泥盆世托让格库都克组；D1k—早泥盆世康布铁堡组；D2k—中泥盆世库鲁木迪组；D2b—中泥盆世巴尔雷克组；D3kx—晚泥盆世卡希翁组；D3C1j—晚泥盆世-早石炭世江孜尔库都克组；C1j—早石炭世姜巴斯套组；C2b—中石炭世巴塔玛依内山组；Σ—札河坝-阿尔曼太蛇绿岩；γδοD—泥盆纪英云闪长岩；γβC—石炭纪黑云母花岗岩；ξγC—石炭纪正长花岗岩
Figure 1. Distribution map of Armantai ophiolite
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图 2 阿尔曼太蛇绿岩剖面（Ⅹ号实测剖面17~59层）
1—粉砂岩；2—绢云母板岩；3—放射虫火山灰凝灰岩；4—硅质岩；5—辉绿岩；6—玄武岩；7—长岩；8—蛇纹岩；9—辉石橄榄岩；10—闪长岩；11—斜长花岗岩；12—碳酸盐脉；13—逆冲断层；14—透镜体
Figure 2. The section of Armantai ophiolite(the X measured section of 17~59 strata)
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图 3 阿尔曼太蛇绿岩剖面（Ⅺ号实测剖面0~21层）
1—灰岩；2—白云岩；3—角砾岩；4—粉砂岩；5—长石岩屑砂岩；6—安山质角砾凝灰岩；7—滑石菱铁片岩；8—绢云千糜岩；9—硅质岩；10—辉绿岩；11—辉长岩；12—蛇纹岩；13—闪长岩；14—斜长花岗岩；15—透闪石岩；16—安山玄武岩；17—逆冲断层
Figure 3. The section of Armantai ophiolite (the XI measured section of 0~21 strata)
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图 4 蛇纹岩（a、b）和变质玄武岩(c、d)宏观及显微照片
Pl—斜长石；Cal—方解石；Tlc—滑石；Srp—蛇纹石；Px—辉石；Mgs—菱镁矿
Figure 4. Photos and microphotographs of serpentinite(a, b) and basalt(c, d)
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图 7 TiO2-MnO×10-P2O5×10图解
CAB—钙碱性玄武岩；IAT—岛弧拉斑玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；OIT—洋岛拉斑玄武岩；OIA—洋岛碱性玄武岩
Figure 7. TiO2-MnO×10-P2O5×10 diagram
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图 8 (Th/Nb)N-Nb/La图解（a）和Zr-Zr/Y图解[24]（b）
WPB—板内玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；IAB—岛弧玄武岩
Figure 8. (Th/Nb)N-Nb/La(a)and Zr-Zr/Y(b)diagrams
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图 9 基性熔岩Hf/3-Th-Ta(a)和Nb×2-Zr/4-Y(b)图解
a中：A—N型洋中脊玄武岩；B—E型洋中脊玄武岩和大陆拉斑玄武岩的区分；C—大陆碱性玄武岩和大陆玄武岩的区分；D—消减性板块边缘玄武岩区分；图b中：AⅠ、AⅡ—板内碱性玄武岩；B—P型洋脊玄武岩；AⅡ+C—板内拉斑玄武岩；D—N型洋脊玄武岩；C+D—弧火山岩
Figure 9. Hf/3-Th-Ta (a) and Nb×2-Zr/4-Y (b) diagrams of basic lava
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图 10 基性熔岩La-La/Nb(a)和Nb -Th/Nb(b)图解
IAB—岛弧玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩
Figure 10. La-La/Nb (a) and Nb-Th/Nb (b) diagrams of basic lava
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图 11 基性岩Zr/Nb-Nb/Th(a)和Nb/Y-Zr/Y(b)图解[27]
DEP—高度亏损地幔；EN—富集单元，包括上地壳和大陆岩石圈，后者可能具有消减带化学特征；REC—循环单元，包括Em1、Em2和HIMU；HIMU—高（U/Pb）地幔源区；Em1、Em2—富集地幔源区；UC—大陆上地壳；ARC—岛弧产生的玄武岩；N-MORB—洋脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩；OPB—洋底玄武岩；PM—原始地幔；DM—浅部亏损地幔单元。单箭头指示批次熔融（F）和俯冲流体（SUB）作用，△Nb线为地幔柱源区和非地幔柱源区的分界线
Figure 11. Zr/Nb-Nb/Th (a) and Nb/Y-Zr/Y (b) diagrams of basic lava
表 1 阿尔曼太基性岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 1 Major, trace and rare earth elements compositions
样品 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失量 总计 Mg# Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Co Li Rb Cs Mo Sr Ba AMT06-1 47.11 0.77 15.92 3.53 5.19 0.15 8.51 4.85 3.68 4.29 0.2 5.79 99.99 0.65 57.8 5.29 76.1 406 131 36.3 23.4 170 11.8 0.2 91.2 162 AMT06-2 48.12 0.85 17.14 3.17 4.85 0.12 7.17 3.93 4.3 4.42 0.21 5.72 100 0.63 61.1 5.85 75.1 130 30.4 25.3 28.8 164 10.9 0.35 82.3 193 AMT06-3 47.9 0.88 17.23 3.31 5.1 0.13 7.04 3.96 3.86 4.79 0.22 5.57 99.99 0.61 63.1 3.02 72.2 132 27.5 25.3 32.8 165 11.3 0.64 67.8 273 AMT06-4 47.46 0.83 16.73 2.98 5.18 0.13 7.58 4.29 4.12 4.49 0.21 6.02 100.02 0.63 67.6 3.38 73.9 181 50 24.2 29.1 172 11.6 1.01 89.2 210 AMT06-5 48 0.8 16.57 3.21 4.93 0.14 7.44 4.45 4.34 3.95 0.22 5.96 100.01 0.63 71.5 4.88 72.1 191 66.2 28.9 26.3 146 9.65 0.67 108 175 AMT06-6 48.38 0.8 16.8 3.03 5.19 0.13 6.96 4.74 4.13 3.97 0.2 5.68 100.01 0.61 69.8 3.64 68.4 255 76.4 29.7 29.3 144 8.95 0.54 91.2 258 样品 V Sc Nb Ta Zr Hf Ga U Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE δEu AMT06-1 219 26 4.24 0.35 85.5 1.85 16.9 0.96 3.07 13.9 30 3.88 16.2 3.64 0.96 3.5 0.51 3.52 0.72 2.02 0.29 1.77 0.28 18.9 81.2 0.81 AMT06-2 232 25.7 4.63 0.4 94.1 2.12 18 0.95 3.25 15.1 31.7 4.04 16.6 3.7 1.05 3.59 0.49 3.71 0.76 2.17 0.34 2 0.31 18.8 85.6 0.87 AMT06-3 245 27.4 4.69 0.36 96.9 2.03 18.2 0.87 3.05 14.3 30.9 4.01 17.1 3.99 1.08 3.6 0.55 4.07 0.77 2.34 0.32 2.18 0.35 20.3 85.6 0.85 AMT06-4 233 25.5 4.64 0.35 89.4 1.94 16.5 0.9 3 14.2 30.9 3.84 15.8 3.88 1.13 3.38 0.53 3.78 0.75 2.23 0.3 1.97 0.32 19.3 83 0.93 AMT06-5 212 24.1 4.64 0.4 94.8 2.15 17.4 1 3.4 15.2 32.2 4.07 16.8 3.96 1.19 3.66 0.54 3.5 0.76 2.19 0.3 2.02 0.33 19.7 86.7 0.94 AMT06-6 224 26.3 4.53 0.34 88.1 1.94 17.3 0.95 3.21 14.3 30.5 3.98 16.3 3.74 1.02 3.41 0.53 3.56 0.74 2.16 0.29 2.01 0.28 18.6 82.8 0.85 样品 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失量 总计 Mg# Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Co Li Rb Cs Mo Sr Ba AMT11-1 45.24 1.55 12.61 4.22 7.93 0.22 4.13 13.26 3.93 0.52 0.15 6.18 99.94 0.39 93.3 1.86 91.8 166 76.9 43 14.2 12.2 1.67 0.8 343 139 AMT11-2 46.81 1.71 12.67 3.66 8.43 0.21 4.53 11.16 4.55 0.23 0.25 5.78 99.99 0.41 65.2 0.86 98.1 137 76.7 43.4 12.2 6.86 0.94 0.4 212 60 AMT11-3 48.04 1.62 12.72 3.39 8.18 0.19 4.85 10.82 4.52 0.22 0.23 5.2 99.98 0.44 62.8 1.55 101 132 51 37.6 13.1 5.67 0.64 0.87 269 93.5 AMT11-4 45.2 1.57 13.2 3.38 9.1 0.19 4.67 10.9 4.2 0.58 0.19 6.8 99.98 0.41 77.4 1.84 105 124 50.7 41.1 13 18.6 2.2 0.51 266 93.3 AMT11-5 47.45 1.65 12.77 3.76 8.08 0.2 4.8 10.98 4.39 0.33 0.24 5.34 99.99 0.43 53 2.53 99.9 129 45.5 37 12.3 9.3 0.97 0.85 276 113 AMT11-6 44.48 1.62 13.1 4.24 8.69 0.21 4.76 11.44 4.02 0.58 0.18 6.69 100.01 0.41 94 1.8 104 132 55.4 42.2 13.8 17.6 2.18 0.48 238 77.8 AMT11-7 45.21 1.57 13.8 3.65 7.48 0.18 4 12.54 4.1 0.61 0.2 6.64 99.98 0.4 110 2.31 87.1 125 61.1 42.8 13.6 14.8 1.96 0.28 353 140 AMT11-8 45.23 1.34 13.49 4.13 5.46 0.17 4 16.11 3.3 0.47 0.16 6.13 99.99 0.44 89 1.88 61 95.8 48.1 36 9.04 10 1.4 0.24 238 128 AMT11-9 46.42 1.44 10.65 3.62 9.45 0.34 5.06 14.44 3.22 0.35 0.16 4.84 99.99 0.42 62.8 0.61 97.3 105 50.7 44.8 12.9 7.94 0.92 0.09 176 78.2 样品 V Sc Nb Ta Zr Hf Ga U Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE δEu AMT11-1 300 41.3 1.66 0.2 84.9 2.02 15.8 0.27 0.14 3.41 10.2 1.83 10.7 3.97 1.25 4.97 0.81 6.02 1.33 3.96 0.54 3.79 0.56 36.6 53.3 0.86 AMT11-2 314 45.8 2.06 0.17 94 2.29 14.8 0.24 0.11 3.86 11 2.13 12.3 4.51 1.51 5.97 0.95 7.12 1.64 4.78 0.69 4.62 0.7 45.1 61.8 0.89 AMT11-3 308 46.8 1.57 0.097 90.5 2.17 13.6 0.27 0.11 3.24 9.75 1.77 11.6 4.09 1.4 5.32 0.85 6.7 1.54 4.53 0.62 4.25 0.62 41.7 56.3 0.91 样品 V Sc Nb Ta Zr Hf Ga U Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE δEu AMT11-4 319 44.6 1.4 0.11 88.3 2.06 15.1 0.21 0.1 3.06 9.39 1.79 10.6 3.96 1.3 5.18 0.8 6.23 1.46 4.35 0.62 4.07 0.6 39 53.4 0.87 AMT11-5 299 45.5 1.51 0.11 89.9 1.98 13.7 0.31 0.16 3.7 10.5 1.97 11.5 3.9 1.29 5.55 0.88 6.78 1.45 4.64 0.66 4.2 0.62 42.3 57.6 0.84 AMT11-6 312 43.3 1.44 0.14 90.2 1.97 17.8 0.23 0.05 3.08 9.4 1.73 10.8 3.88 1.18 5.09 0.82 6.08 1.28 4.1 0.6 3.62 0.54 37.2 52.2 0.81 AMT11-7 286 41.6 2.53 0.15 96.4 2.15 18.6 0.27 0.12 4.39 12 2.04 11.3 3.93 1.05 4.8 0.74 5.56 1.24 3.83 0.51 3.25 0.48 33.6 55.1 0.74 AMT11-8 264 36.9 2.89 0.21 83.4 1.71 19.5 0.26 0.18 3.89 10.4 1.7 10.2 3.22 0.99 4.16 0.67 4.75 1.03 3.27 0.49 3 0.44 29.1 48.2 0.82 AMT11-9 301 42 2.74 0.19 80.5 1.79 13.8 0.24 0.12 3.26 9.38 1.54 9.29 3.72 1 4.39 0.7 5.34 1.16 3.74 0.5 3.31 0.48 33.2 47.8 0.75 样品 SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O P2O5 烧失量 总计 Mg# Cu Pb Zn Cr Ni Co Li Rb Cs Mo Sr Ba AMT12-1 47.69 1.62 14.04 2.1 9.36 0.16 8.56 8.58 3.49 0.2 0.17 4.01 99.98 0.58 87.3 1.19 99.2 528 285 56.8 24.6 3.9 0.33 0.3 309 102 AMT12-2 48.25 1.63 13.51 2.24 8.71 0.16 8.86 8.75 3.44 0.31 0.18 3.96 100 0.6 80 1.45 85 540 269 52.4 25.5 3.58 0.33 0.29 282 191 AMT12-3 47.4 1.48 14.08 1.78 7.6 0.14 7.27 9.75 3.88 0.58 0.19 5.85 100 0.59 66.1 1.04 81 431 192 46.2 25.7 6.15 0.48 0.22 225 439 AMT12-4 46.05 1.2 12.65 1.61 6.45 0.14 6.15 13.37 3.54 1.04 0.14 7.65 99.99 0.58 76.8 1.23 64.9 351 161 38.8 18.9 8.17 0.4 0.5 207 122
0AMT12-5 46.67 1.52 13.99 3.19 6.8 0.14 7.43 13.59 2.47 0.21 0.17 3.79 99.97 0.58 101 1.36 73.6 452 231 50.7 20.7 3.14 0.34 0.2 375 127 AMT12-6 44.58 1.4 13.1 1.86 8.34 0.16 8.12 11.85 2.98 0.6 0.16 6.83 99.98 0.59 71.9 1.2 81.4 443 214 49.2 28.8 6.49 0.56 0.18 234 554 AMT12-7 45.72 1.43 12.96 1.62 7.53 0.15 7.12 12.52 3.45 0.51 0.18 6.82 100.01 0.59 78.2 0.96 70.4 411 219 50 21.2 5.29 0.28 0.3 270 418 AMT12-9 47.3 1.39 14.91 2.85 7.59 0.14 7.3 11.19 2.69 0.34 0.14 4.14 99.98 0.56 48.1 1.05 79.9 422 200 45 24.9 3.66 0.19 0.33 381 273 样品 V Sc Nb Ta Zr Hf Ga U Th La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ΣREE δEu AMT12-1 268 33.2 14.3 1.01 106 2.16 18.7 0.32 0.85 11.6 26.6 3.64 16.5 4.31 1.4 4.95 0.79 4.79 1 2.69 0.44 2.63 0.36 26.1 81.7 0.92 AMT12-2 267 34.3 13.6 1.01 104 2.16 17.7 0.32 0.87 10.8 24.7 3.51 16.2 3.79 1.33 4.68 0.75 4.68 0.97 2.68 0.44 2.45 0.34 25.4 77.3 0.96 AMT12-3 235 30 12 0.88 96.1 1.97 14.5 0.45 0.69 10.5 23.2 3.09 14.8 3.47 1.11 4.23 0.74 4.54 0.94 2.51 0.41 2.5 0.31 24.7 72.4 0.88 AMT12-4 196 24.7 9.29 0.78 75.9 1.56 13.1 0.3 0.58 7.83 18 2.44 11.3 2.74 1.2 3.59 0.59 3.65 0.8 2.1 0.34 2.12 0.28 20.5 57 1.17 AMT12-5 253 29.6 12.4 0.98 97.2 2.06 17.7 0.42 0.74 9.02 21.4 3.17 13.9 3.61 1.43 4.4 0.72 4.57 0.92 2.54 0.4 2.47 0.33 24.4 68.9 1.09 AMT12-6 233 29.4 12 0.87 90.3 1.83 15.6 0.56 0.69 10 23 3.16 13.7 3.52 1.26 4.28 0.69 4.17 0.84 2.25 0.37 2.34 0.31 22.7 69.9 0.99 AMT12-7 226 27.4 12 0.93 92 1.72 15.4 0.5 0.68 9.73 21.8 3.01 14.6 3.34 1.19 4.11 0.65 4.29 0.89 2.29 0.42 2.42 0.32 23.8 69.1 0.98 AMT12-9 212 27.8 12.6 0.87 104 2.13 21.6 0.39 1.09 9.76 23.5 3.15 14.3 3.41 1.41 4.2 0.67 4.3 0.87 2.33 0.39 2.57 0.29 22.9 71.2 1.13 注：Mg#=MgO/（MgO+TFeO）（分子数）；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6 
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表 2 阿尔曼太基性熔岩微量元素比值与不同地幔端元的对比
Table 2 Comparative studies of the trace element ratio in lava and different mantle elements
样品 Zr/Nb La/Nb Ba/Nb Ba/Th Rb/Nb Th/Nb Th/La Ba/La Th/U 原始地幔 14.8 0.94 9.0 77 0.91 0.117 0.125 9.6 4.1 亏损地幔 30.0 1.07 4.3 60 0.36 0.070 0.070 4.0 大陆地壳 16.2 2.20 54.0 124 4.70 0.440 0.200 25.0 3.8 HIMU 2.7~5.5 0.66~0.77 4.9~6.5 39~85 0.30~0.43 0.078~0.101 0.107~0.133 6.8~8.7 3.5~3.8 Em1 5.3~11.5 0.86~1.19 11.4~17.8 103~154 0.88~1.17 0.105~0.122 0.107~0.128 13.2~16.9 4.50~4.86 Em2 12.0~15.35 0.89~1.09 7.3~11.0 67~84 0.59~0.85 0.111~0.157 0.122~0.163 8.3~11.3 阿尔曼太基性熔岩对应不同地幔端元微量元素比值平均值 阿尔曼太
基性熔岩AMT06 20.05 3.18 46.34 67.25 35.17 0.69 0.22 14.65 3.37 AMT11 48.45 1.89 55.12 901.45 6.46 0.06 0.03 28.92 0.47 AMT12 7.82 0.81 37.75 614.86 0.43 0.06 0.08 45.56 2.00 注：HIMU为高（U/Pb）值地幔端元；Em1、Em2为富集地幔端元1和2；元素含量为平均值；地幔端元数据据贾大成等[28]
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