The evaluation and influencing factors of groundwater tri-nitrogen pollution in the Ningdong coal base, exemplified by Meihuajing field
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摘要:
为研究大规模综合机械化采煤氮污染来源及影响程度，选取宁东煤炭基地侏罗纪煤田鸳鸯湖矿区的梅花井井田为研究对象，通过调查取样分析，对梅花井井田地下水三氮污染分布、物源、水文地质条件进行研究。结果表明：①宁东煤炭基地鸳鸯湖矿区梅花井井田三氮NH4+、NO3-、NO2-含量范围分别为0.06~0.12mg/L、4.67~234mg/L、 < 0.01~2.01mg/L，与国家地下水质量标准Ⅲ类水质限值对比，NO2-达到重度或极严重污染，主要分布在潜水含水层；NO3-污染级别为中度、轻度污染，超标样点占调查样点的75%，垂向上已延伸到承压含水层。水平空间上无论矿权范围还是矿权外，污染样点均有存在。②部分水样中NO3-毫克当量百分数超过25%，对水化学类型产生影响。③煤矿区NO3-、NO2-的污染首先与丰富的物源有关，还受煤矿开采扰动、地形地貌条件、垂向补给径流、水文地球化学条件等因素的影响。研究结果为风积沙大型机械化煤矿开采区地下水氮污染的防治提供了可参考依据。
Abstract:In order to study the large-scale comprehensive mechanized coal mining nitrogen pollution sources and the influence degree, the authors selected the Jurassic coalfield of Yuanyang Lake mining area of Meihuajing well field as the research object. In order to study the three nitrogen pollutants and the effect of large-scale coal mining on groundwater, the authors conducted the sampling investigation of groundwater spatial distribution, physical source and hydrogeological conditions of Ningdong coal base. Some conclusions have been reached:(1) The ranges of three nitrogen pollutants NH4+ and NO3- and NO2- are 0.06~0.12mg/L, 4.67~234mg/L, and < 0.01~2.01mg/L respectively in Meihuajing well field base in Yuanyang Lake mining coal area in the east of Ningxia; compared with the national underground water quality, NO2- reaches the level of severe or very severe pollution, and is mainly distributed in unconfined aquifer; the level of NO3- pollution is moderate and mild, and the excessive standard sample points reach 75% in all sample points, and they extend to the confined aquifer. In space, the pollution sample points are present, regardless of the range of mineral rights and out of mineral rights. (2) The NO3- mg equivalent percentage of some water samples is more than 25%, which affects the chemical type of water. (3)The pollution of NO3- and NO2- in coal mine area is related first to abundant material source and second to the influence of coal mining disturbance and hydrogeochemical conditions. The results of the study provide a reference for the prevention and control of groundwater nitrogen pollution in the mining area of large mechanized coal mine.
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Keywords:
- Ningdong coal base /
- groundwater /
- nitrogen /
- pollution /
- influencing factors
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致谢: 感谢中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心张戈教授对论文的指导，项目组同志在野外进行样品采集、室内筛样中给予帮助，西北地质调查测试中心对样品进行测试分析，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 水文地质图及样点分布
Q—第四系；K—白垩系；J—侏罗系；T—三叠系
Figure 1. The hydrological geological map and sample distribution
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图 2 宁东梅花井地下水三氮污染评价
Figure 2. Evaluation graph of groundwater three nitrogen pollutants in Meihuajing field, Ningdong
表 1 地下水测试数据
Table 1 The list of groundwater test data
样号 地貌类型 水温/℃ pH 井水埋深/m 含水层类型 总矿化度mg/L NH4+mg/L NO3–mg/L NO2–mg/L 水化学类型 J1 风积沙滩 16 7.73 65 承压水 491.3 0.06 15.7 < 0.01 HCO3-SO4-Na-Mg-Ca J2 风积沙滩 15 8.53 70 承压水 569.32 0.07 20.2 < 0.01 HCO3-SO4-Na-Ca-Mg J3 风积沙滩 14 7.96 100 承压水 630.02 0.06 6.71 < 0.01 HCO3-Mg-Na-Ca J4 风积沙滩 18 7.71 0 泉水 826.62 0.08 80.8 0.74 HCO3-SO4-Na-Mg-Ca J5 风积沙滩 17 7.89 5 潜水 1368.28 0.12 200 < 0.01 SO4-HCO3-Cl-Na-Mg J6 风积沙滩 17 7.95 2 潜水 1038.91 0.11 234 0.92 HCO3-NO3-Na-Mg J7 风积沙滩 16 8.01 4 潜水 1538.07 0.11 67.1 0.49 HCO3-Cl-SO4-Na-Mg J8 风积沙滩 12 7.94 4.3 潜水 1668.22 0.1 171 2.01 Na-HCO3 J9 冲积平原 7.13 1 潜水 185.2 0.06 7.97 < 0.01 HCO3-SO4-Ca-Mg J10 冲积平原 17 8.51 潜水 1622.24 0.08 43.2 0.84 Cl-SO4-HCO3-Na-Mg J11 冲洪积平原 16 9.63 2 潜水 1549.54 0.1 6.3 0.69 Cl-SO4-Na-Mg J12 冲洪积平原 8.19 3.5 潜水 3278.22 0.1 79.6 < 0.01 Cl-SO4-Na-Mg 
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表 2 煤矸石、表土中N元素含量
Table 2 The content of nitrogen in gangue and soil
物源类型 样品编号 N pH 附近布设井孔 GS1 301 8.7 GS2 1556 7.58 研究区内 GS3 1406 8.02 GS4 257 6.78 GS5 519 8.31 GS6 424 8.70 GS7 899 8.15 GS8 859 8.23 GS9 1523 8.12 煤矸石 GS10 173 9.22 GS11 2382 8.15 研究区外 GS12 1668 7.78 GS13 703 8.39 GS14 2331 7.89 GS15 3123 7.52 GS16 2131 7.13 GS17 1595 7.14 GS18 770 10.97 GS19 418 8.36 煤矸石平均值 1213 8.17 土壤 T1 472 9.21 J3 T2 290 9.34 J5 T3 440 9.26 J2 T4 386 9.41 J1 T5 170 8.97 J7 T6 320 8.95 J11 土壤平均值 346 9.19 中国土壤普查技术含量分级[22] 6级 < 50 5级 50~750 4级 750~1000 3级 1000~1500 2级 1500~2000 1级 >2000
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表 3 粉煤灰淋滤液、地表水、雨水中N元素含量
Table 3 The content of nitrogen in fly ash filter, surface water and rain water
水样类型 样品编号 NH4+ NO3– NO2– 粉煤灰场旁水样 F1 0.06 10.8 < 0.01 F2 0.07 8.09 < 0.01 F3 0.07 11.4 < 0.01 河水 H1 < 0.02 1.36 < 0.01 H2 < 0.02 4.09 < 0.01 湖水 H3 0.07 1.9 < 0.01 雨水 Y1 0.04 2 0 国家地表水环境质量标准（GB38382002）Ⅲ类水限值 1 10
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