Geological conditions of the Jurassic shale gas on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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摘要:
侏罗系泥页岩是柴达木盆地的主力烃源岩之一, 具备形成页岩油气的地质条件。对采自柴北缘鱼卡、大煤沟、小煤沟、开源、绿草沟、大头羊等煤矿附近地表露头的11块中侏罗统泥页岩样品进行单样品多参数实验分析, 探讨了陆相页岩有机地化、储层物性、含气量等参数之间的关系, 建立了页岩气资源评价参数体系。结果表明, 柴达木盆地北缘中侏罗世处于浅湖-半深湖湖相沉积, 断裂较发育, 泥页岩富含有机质, 具有低孔、低渗、低熟、较高含气量等特点, 具备形成页岩油气的地质条件, 进一步的勘查开发需优选地层压力系数高、保存条件较好、脆性矿物含量高的页岩气甜点区。
Abstract:Jurassic shale is one of the main hydrocarbon source rocks in Qaidam Basin and possesses the geological conditions for the formation of shale oil and gas. Eleven samples collected from the surface outcrops of Jurassic shale near some coal mines on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin such as Yuqia, Dameigou, Xiaomeigou, Kaiyuan, Lvcaogou and Datouyang. The authors carried out single multi-parameter experimental analysis of these samples and investigated the relationship between the organic geochemstry, petrophysical properties and gas content of lacustrine shale. On such a basis, the shale gas resource evaluation parameter system was established. The results show that the northern margin of Qaidam Basin was characterized by shallow lake-semi-deep lake lacustrine sediments in Jurassic, with well-developed fractures. During that time, shale was rich in organic matter, and had such characteristics as low porosity, low permeability, low maturity, low brittleness, and high gas content, thus having geological conditions for the formation of shale oil and gas. Further exploration and development of Jurassic shale should choose shale gas areas with high formation pres-sure coefficient, relatively favorable storage conditions and high content of brittle minerals.
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Keywords:
- Qaidam Basin /
- Jurassic /
- shale gas /
- gas content
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致谢: 在成文过程中得到吉林大学刘永江教授的指导，和国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心乔德武研究员、中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所兰州油气资源研究中心张晓宝研究员、中国石油勘探开发研究院董大忠教授级高工、中国石油青海油田勘探开发研究院甘贵元高工进行了讨论，野外工作得到中国石油青海油田公司勘探事业部郭璞、高晓峰高工的大力支持，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩平面分布
Figure 1. Distribution of the Middle Jurassic shale on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 2 柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩地层对比
Figure 2. Correlation of Middle Jurassic shale strata on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 3 柴达木盆地北缘地形地貌及采样位置
a—大头羊剖面；b—小煤沟剖面
Figure 3. Topography and sampling sites on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 4 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系有机质丰度参数关系
Figure 4. Organic matter abundance parameters in Jurassic on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 5 柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩扫描电镜照片
a—大煤沟剖面，炭质含细粉砂质泥岩；b—鱼卡剖面，灰黑色泥页岩；c、d—小煤沟剖面，灰黑色页岩
Figure 5. Scanning electron microscope photograph of the Middle Jurassic shale on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 6 柴北缘中侏罗统泥页岩矿物组成
Figure 6. Mineral composition and percentage of the Middle Jurassic shale on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 7 柴北缘侏罗系泥页岩等温吸附曲线
Figure 7. Isothermal adsorption curve of the Jurassic shale on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
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图 8 中侏罗统泥页岩总有机碳含量与吸附气量关系
Figure 8. Isothermal adsorption versus TOC of Middle Jurassic shale on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
表 1 柴达木盆地北缘侏罗系划分[13]
Table 1 Division of Jurassic strata on the northern margin of Qaidam Basin
系统组段 侏罗系 上统 红水沟组
采石岭组中统 大煤沟组 第7段
第6段
第5段
第4段
第3段
第2段
第1段下统 小煤沟组
湖西山组
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表 2 样品位置和岩性
Table 2 Location and lithology of samples
采样编号 采样地区 岩性 YK-01 鱼卡本部 泥岩 YK-02 大煤沟排石场出口 含炭细粉砂质泥岩 YK-03 大煤沟排石场出口 泥岩 YK-04 小煤沟煤矿 泥岩 YK-05 小煤沟煤矿 煤岩 YK-06 小煤沟煤矿 炭质泥岩 YK-07 开源煤矿 含炭粉砂质泥岩 YK-08 绿草沟煤矿 泥岩 YK-09 绿草沟煤矿 泥岩 YK-10 绿草沟煤矿 泥岩 YK-11 大头羊煤矿 泥晶灰岩
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