The mechanisms for the formation of the alteration halos in tungsten deposits of Nanling Mountains, South China

LIU Xiangchong; XING Huilin; ZHANG Dehui

Geological Bulletin of China > 2019 > 38(9): 1556-1563.

LIU Xiangchong, XING Huilin, ZHANG Dehui. 2019: The mechanisms for the formation of the alteration halos in tungsten deposits of Nanling Mountains, South China. Geological Bulletin of China, 38(9): 1556-1563.

Citation:

PDF (1880 KB)

The mechanisms for the formation of the alteration halos in tungsten deposits of Nanling Mountains, South China

1.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
The Laboratory of Dynamic Diagenesis and Metallogenesis, Institute of Geomechanics, CAGS, Beijing 100081, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China
4.
The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, QLD, Australia
5.
School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

More Information

Received Date: January 07, 2018
Revised Date: February 27, 2018
Available Online: August 15, 2023

Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Geologists discovered in the 1980s that alteration halos decrease with increasing depth in many tungsten deposits of the Nanling Mountains. However, the mechanism for the formation of the alteration characteristics remains poorly understood. In this paper, the authors investigated hydrothermal flow and silica diffusion from fractures to adjacent wallrock at these tungsten deposits by using finite element based numerical experiments. The authors have found that fluid temperature and wallrock porosity exert a strong influence on silica diffusion from fractures to adjacent wallrock. Both high temperature and high porosity favor silica diffusion from fractures to adjacent wallrock and form wide alteration halos. Constant-porosity wallrock forms wider alteration halos at deeper levels, which is inconsistent with alteration characteristics of the tungsten deposits in the Nanling Mountains. Wallrock porosity that decreases with increasing depth forms alteration halos like those in those the tungsten deposits. The wall rock lithology and fracture distribution those tungsten deposits favor the formation of depth-dependent porosity and permeability. Evaluation of these two factors may help the exploration. Aqueous NaCl solutions were used in the numerical experiments. It is therefore concluded that inhomogeneous magmatic hydrothermal fluids are unnecessary in explaining the alteration characteristics at these tungsten deposits.
- tungsten deposits,
- alteration halos,
- fluid flow,
- porosity,
- diffusion coefficient,
- Nanling

FullText(HTML)

References (69)

References

陈毓川, 裴荣富, 张宏良, 等.南岭地区与中生代花岗岩类有关的有色及稀有金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社, 1989:507.

朱焱龄, 李崇佑, 林运淮.赣南钨矿地质[M].南昌:江西人民出版社, 1981:440.

祝新友, 王京彬, 王艳丽, 等.南岭锡钨多金属矿区碱长花岗岩的厘定及其意义[J].中国地质, 2012, 39(2):359-381. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-3657.2012.02.009

阙梅登, 夏卫华.江西大吉山脉钨矿床矿化富集特征及其机理初探[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报, 1988, 13(2):177-185. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DQKX198802011.htm

林新多, 张德会, 章传玲.湖南宜章瑶岗仙黑钨矿石英脉成矿流体性质的探讨[J].地球科学, 1986, 11(2):153-160. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFD1986-DQKX198602006.htm

张德会.石英脉型黑钨矿床成矿流体性质的进一步探讨[J].地球科学, 1987, 12(2):185-192. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-DQKX198702012.htm

祝新友, 王京彬, 王艳丽, 等.论石英脉型钨矿成矿系统的相对封闭性——以湖南瑶岗仙脉型钨矿床为例[J].地质学报, 2014, 88(5):825-835. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=dizhixb201405002

Audétat A, Keppler H. Viscosity of fluids in subduction zones[J]. Science, 2004, 303(56/57):513-516. http://petrology.oxfordjournals.org/external-ref?access_num=10.1126/science.1092282&link_type=DOI

常海亮, 黄惠兰.西华山黑钨矿石英脉绿柱石中熔融包裹体的发现及其意义[J].华南地质与矿产, 2001, 2:21-27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-3701.2001.02.004

Ni P, Wang X D, Wang G G, et al. An infrared microthermometric study of fluid inclusions in coexisting quartz and wolframite from Late Mesozoic tungsten deposits in the Gannan metallogenic belt, South China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 65(4):1062-1077. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=a2bb56209e6f77391eecd3ab68bbe24c

Wei W F, Hu R I, Bi X W. Infrared microthermometric and stable isotopic study of fluid inclusions in wolframite at the Xihuashan tungsten deposit, Jiangxi province, China[J]. Mineralium Deposita, 2012, 47(6):589-605. doi: 10.1007/s00126-011-0377-0

曹晓峰, 吕新彪, 何谋春, 等.共生黑钨矿与石英中流体包裹体红外显微对比研究——以瑶岗仙石英脉型钨矿床为例[J].矿床地质, 2009, 28(5):611-620. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2009.05.007

董少花, 毕献武, 胡瑞忠, 等.湖南瑶岗仙石英脉型黑钨矿床成矿流体特征[J].矿物岩石, 2011, 31(2):54-60. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-6872.2011.02.008

宋生琼, 胡瑞忠, 毕献武, 等.赣南淘锡坑钨矿床流体包裹体地球化学研究[J].地球化学, 2011, 40(3):237-248. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dqhx201103003

宋生琼, 胡瑞忠, 毕献武, 等.赣南崇义淘锡坑钨矿床氢、氧、硫同位素地球化学研究[J].矿床地质, 2011, 30(1):1-10. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2011.01.001

王巧云, 胡瑞忠, 彭建堂, 等.湖南瑶岗仙钨矿床流体包裹体特征及其意义[J].岩石学报, 2007, 9:2263-2273. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.09.024

王旭东, 倪培, 蒋少涌, 等.赣南漂塘钨矿流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报, 2008, 24(9):2163-2170. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98200809025

王旭东, 倪培, 张伯声, 等.江西盘古山石英脉型钨矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志, 2012, 29(5):539-550. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/yskwxzz201005009

王旭东, 倪培, 袁顺达, 等.江西黄沙石英脉型钨矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报, 2012, 28(1):122-132. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/ysxb98201201010

王旭东, 倪培, 袁顺达, 等.赣南漂塘钨矿锡石及共生石英中流体包裹体研究[J].地质学报, 2013, 87(6):850-859. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5717.2013.06.009

席斌斌, 张德会, 周利敏, 等.江西省全南县大吉山钨矿成矿流体演化特征[J].地质学报, 2008, 82(7):956-966. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0001-5717.2008.07.014

赵波.江西漂塘石英脉型黑钨矿床成矿深度估算[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文: 2013. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-11415-1013265943.htm

Hayba D O, Ingebritsen S E. Multiphase groundwater flow near cooling plutons[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997, 102(B6):12235-12252. doi: 10.1029/97JB00552

Zhao C B, Reid L B, Regenauer-Lieb K. Some fundamental issues in computational hydrodynamics of mineralization:A review[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2012, 112:21-34. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2011.10.005

Ingebritsen S E, Appold M S. The physical hydrogeology of ore deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 2012, 107:559-584. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.107.4.559

池国祥, 薛春纪.成矿流体动力学的原理、研究方法及应用[J].地学前缘, 2011, 18(5):1-18. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201105002

邓军, 王庆飞, 黄定华.成矿流体输运物理机制研究的关键难题与方法体系[J].地球科学进展, 2004, 19(3):393-398. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2004.03.008

周利敏, 张德会, 席斌斌.岩石中的渗透率、流体流动及热液成矿作用[J].地学前缘, 2008, 15(3):299-310. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1005-2321.2008.03.027

毛景文, 谢桂青, 郭春丽, 等.南岭地区大规模钨锡多金属成矿作用-成矿时限及地球动力学背景[J].岩石学报, 2007, 23(10):2329-2338. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0569.2007.10.002

王碟, 卢焕章, 毕献武.与花岗质岩浆系统有关的石英脉型钨矿和斑岩型铜矿成矿流体特征比较[J].地学前缘, 2011, 18(5):121-131. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/dxqy201105012

黄惠兰, 常海亮, 付建明, 等.西华山脉钨矿床的形成压力及有关花岗岩的侵位深度[J].矿床地质, 2006, 25(5):562-571. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0258-7106.2006.05.003

穆治国, 黄福生, 陈成业, 等.漂塘-西华山石英脉型钨矿床碳、氢和氧稳定同位素研究[C]//余鸿彰.钨矿地质讨论会论文集.北京: 地质出版社, 1984: 153-169.

张国新, 谢越宁, 虞福基, 等.江西大吉山钨矿床不同成矿阶段稳定同位素地球化学[J].地球学报, 1997, 18(增刊):197-199. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Conference/310114

张理刚, 庄龙池, 钱雅倩.江西西华山-漂塘地区花岗岩及其钨锡矿床的稳定同位素地球化学[C]//余鸿彰.钨矿地质讨论会论文集.北京: 地质出版社, 1984: 325-338.

庄龙池, 林伟圣, 谢廷焕.大吉山钨矿的稳定同位素地球化学[C]//中国地质科学院宜昌地质矿产研究所文集, 1991: 16. http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL-ZGDJ199101001010.htm

古菊云.华南隐伏-半隐伏脉钨矿床的地表标志带[J].矿床地质, 1984, 3(1):67-76. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-KCDZ198401010.htm

Cathles, L M, Shannon R. How potassium silicate alteration suggests the formation of porphyry ore deposits begins with the nearly explosive but barren expulsion of large volumes of magmatic water[J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2007, 262(1/2):92-108. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=c19020c9c4c93abdc98e8fada5fe2bdf

Geiger S, Haggerty R, Dilles J H, et al. New insights from reactive transport modelling:the formation of the sericitic vein envelopes during early hydrothermal alteration at Butte, Montana[J]. Geofluids, 2002, 2(3):185-201. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-8123.2002.00037.x

Steefel C I, Lichtner P C. Multicomponent reactive transport in discrete fractures: Ⅰ. Controls on reaction front geometry[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 1998, 209(1/4):186-199. doi: 10.1016-S0022-1694(98)00146-2/

Li Q, Xing H. Numerical analysis of the material parameter effects on the initiation of hydraulic fracture in a near wellbore region[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 2(3):1597-1608. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=23d81587cbaab41491fca034a40fe00c

Liu X, Xing H, Zhang D. Fluid focusing and its link to vertical morphological zonation at the Dajishan vein-type tungsten deposit, South China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2014, 62(1):245-258. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=9c06fb749eab45a9db8a0dbe909d8e75

Liu X, Xing H, Zhang D, The mechanisms of the infill textures and its implications for the five-floor zonation at the Dajishan vein-type tungsten deposit, China[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2015, 65, Part 1(0): 365-374. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136814002625

Liu X, Xing H, Zhang D. Influences of fluid properties on the hydrothermal fluid flow and alteration halos at the Dajishan tungsten deposit, China[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2016, 163:53-69. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2016.01.014

Xing H. Finite element simulation of transient geothermal flow in extremely heterogeneous fractured porous media[J]. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 144:168-178. doi: 10.1016/j.gexplo.2014.03.002

Xing H, Yu W, Zhang J. 3D Mesh Generation in Geocomputing, Advances in Geocomputing[M]. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009: 27-64.

Xing H L, Ding R W, Yuen D A. Tsunami Hazards along the Eastern Australian Coast from Potential Earthquakes:Results from Numerical Simulations[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 2014:1-29. doi: 10.1007/s00024-014-0904-x

Xing H L, Makinouchi A. Three dimensional finite element modeling of thermomechanical frictional contact between finite deformation bodies using R-minimum strategy[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2002, 191(37/38):4193-4214. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=a959131123b33e7256b622c20c2b2fc6

Xing H L, Makinouchi A, Mora P. Finite element modeling of interacting fault systems[J]. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2007, 163(1/4):106-121. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=f880511e3c2ec01187b1ed11d87fb5f0

Xing H L, Zhang J, Gao J F, et al. PANDAS and its New Applications in Geothermal Modelling[C]//Australian Geothermal Energy Conference, Melbourne. 2011. https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ: 301264

Batzle M L, Wang Z. Seismic properties of pore fluids[J]. Geophysics, 1992, 57(11):1396-1408. doi: 10.1190/1.1443207

Van Loon L R, Mibus J. A modified version of Archie's law to estimate effective diffusion coefficients of radionuclides in argillaceous rocks and its application in safety analysis studies[J]. Applied Geochemistry, 2015, 59:85-94. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.002

Li Y, Gregory S. Diffusion of ions in sea water and in deep-sea sediments[J]. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1974, 38(5):703-714. doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(74)90145-8

Rimstidt D. Geochemical Rate Models[M]. Cambridge University Press, New York, 2014:232.

Huysmans M, Dassargues A. Review of the use of Péclet numbers to determine the relative importance of advection and diffusion in low permeability environments[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2005, 13(5):895-904. doi: 10.1007/s10040-004-0387-4

Lester D R, Ord A, Hobbs B E. The mechanics of hydrothermal systems:Ⅱ. Fluid mixing and chemical reactions[J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2012, 49(0):45-71. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169136812001734

陈尊达, 胡立檖.黄沙脉钨矿床地质特征及原生分带[C]//余鸿彰.钨矿地质讨论会论文集.北京: 地质出版社, 1984: 25-34.

刘向冲.江西大吉山石英脉型黑钨矿床"五层楼"垂直形态分带动力学机制[D].中国地质大学(北京)博士学位论文, 2015: 114. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd-11415-1015518056.htm

周利敏.江西省全南县大吉山钨矿构造应力场数值模拟与成矿预测[D].中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文, 2009: 67. http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD-11415-2009075726.htm

Genter A, Evans K, Cuenot N, et al. Contribution of the exploration of deep crystalline fractured reservoir of Soultz to the knowledge of enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)[J]. Comptes Rendus Geoscience, 2010, 342(7/8):502-516. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631071310000179

Rebreanu L, Vanderborght J P, Chou L. The diffusion coefficient of dissolved silica revisited[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2008, 112(3):230-233. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304420308001400

Ingebritsen S E, Manning C E. Permeability of the continental crust:dynamic variations inferred from seismicity and metamorphism[J]. Geofluids, 2010, 10:193-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00278.x/full

Stein H J, Cathles L M. A special issue on the timing and duration of hydrothermal events-preface[J]. Economic Geology, 1997, 92(7/8):763-765.

Cathles L M, Erendi A H J, Barrie T. How long can a hydrothermal system be sustained by a single intrusive event[J]?Economic Geology, 1997, 92(7/8):766-771.

Cox S F. Coupling between deformation, fluid pressures, and fluid flow in ore-producing hydrothermal systems at depth in the crust[C]//Hedenquist J W, Thompson J F H, Goldfarb R J, et al. Economic Geology One Hundredth Anniversary Volume. Society of Economic Geologists, Litteton, Colorado, 2005: 39-76.

Henley R W, Berger B R. Self-ordering and complexity in epizonal mineral deposits[J]. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2000, 28:669-719. doi: 10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.669

Ingebritsen S E, Appold M S. The physical hydrogeology of ore deposits[J]. Economic Geology, 2012, 107:559-584. doi: 10.2113/econgeo.107.4.559

Ingebritsen S E, Manning C. E. Permeability of the continental crust:dynamic variations inferred from seismicity and metamorphism[J]. Geofluids, 2010, 10:193-205. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-8123.2010.00278.x/full

David C, Wong T F, Zhu W, et al. Laboratory measurement of compaction-induced permeability change in porous rocks:implications for the generation and maintenance of pore pressure excess in the crust[J]. Pure and Applied Geophysics, 1994, 143(1/3):425-456. doi: 10.1007/BF00874337

Heiland J. Laboratory testing of coupled hydro-mechanical processes during rock deformation[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2003, 11(1):122-141. doi: 10.1007/s10040-002-0236-2

Cited By

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views (3142) PDF downloads (2083)

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Abstract

References

	WANG Yuanyuan, YANG Xiaoqiang, A Zhongming, LYU Junwei, FU Duowang, ZHANG Yejun. 2023: Zircon U-Pb age, geochemistry of granites in Shaleketeng area, West Junggar, Xinjiang and its constraints on the post-collision tectonic environment. Geological Bulletin of China, 42(4): 600-615. DOI: 10.12097/j.issn.1671-2552.2023.04.009
	BU Tao, YU Jiyuan, GUO Lei, WANG Guoqiang, GUO Lin, JI Bo. 2019: Petrogenesis of the Late Permian granodiorite in southern Dahuoluo area, Beishan, Gansu: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry. Geological Bulletin of China, 38(2-3): 254-265. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-38-2-3-254
	MA Zhaoxiong, ZHANG Tong, HUANG Bo, TANG Jing, YANG Hong. 2018: Zircon U-Pb geochronology and petro-geochmistry of the Late Triassic coarse grained porphyaceous monzonitic granite in Cuolong Co, Tibet. Geological Bulletin of China, 37(7): 1202-1212. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-37-7-1202
	YI Pengfei, LI Ning, GAO Feng, FENG Weihua, TANG Li, GAO Yunpeng, LI Qi, LIU Wei, SONG Deyun. 2017: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the granites from Mashan of Inner Mongolia and their geological significances. Geological Bulletin of China, 36(2-3): 331-341. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-36-2-3-331
	WANG Jinfang, LI Yingjie, LI Hongyang, DONG Peipei. 2017: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the Nuhete Early Cretaceous A-type granite in Xi Ujimqin Banner of Inner Mongolia and its geological significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 36(8): 1343-1358. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-36-8-1343
	WANG Qinglei, YANG Yanchen, LI Qian, MA Xiaoyang, TAN Yan, ZHANG Guobin. 2015: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of granite-porphyry from 358 Upland rock gold deposit in Wanda Mountain area, Heilongjiang Province and its geological significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(12): 2172-2180. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.20151204
	TANG Yue, ZHAI Qingguo, LIU Tong, WANG Jun, HU Peiyuan, QIANGBA Zhaxi, SUOLANG Chilie. 2015: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating, geochemical features and geological significance of the Daru Co granite porphyry in Baingoin County, Tibet. Geological Bulletin of China, 34(10): 1802-1811. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.20151003
	JIANG Xiao-jun, LIU Zheng-hong, XU Zhong-yuan, WANG Wan-qiong, WANG Xing-an, ZHANG Chao. 2013: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of Wulanhada middle Permian alkali-feldspar granites in Xianghuang Banner, central Inner Mongolia, and its geochemical characteristics. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(11): 1760-1768. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.20131108
	QI Sheng-sheng, DENG Jin-fu, YE Zhan-fu, LIU Rong, WANG Guo-liang. 2013: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of Late Devonian diabase dike swarms in Qimantag area. Geological Bulletin of China, 32(9): 1385-1393. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.20130907
	WANG Xing-jun, WANG Gen-hou, ZHUAN Shao-peng, XU Xu-ming, LI Guang-dong, WANG De-qiang, WU Lian-heng, BAN Chang-yong, GUO Xiao-he, LIU Yu-jun. 2012: LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope age of granitoids in Baoertu area, Hoxud County, Xinjiang, and its geological significance. Geological Bulletin of China, 31(8): 1251-1266. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.20120805

The mechanisms for the formation of the alteration halos in tungsten deposits of Nanling Mountains, South China

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Catalog

The mechanisms for the formation of the alteration halos in tungsten deposits of Nanling Mountains, South China

Abstract

References

Related Articles

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content