Characteristics of vegetation and ecology in Ningdong coal base and the effects of mining activities

Accurate assessment of the impact of mining activities on large national coal and coal chemical industrial bases has important significance in theory and practice. On the basis of different ecosystem variables of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) in 2000-2017, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vegetation ecosystem in Ningdong coal base were quantitatively studied. The influence of mining activities on the vegetation ecosystem was also analyzed. The results showed that the productivity of the regional ecosystem and the water vapor exchange intensity with the atmosphere were enhanced with the intensification of mining activities in Ningdong coal base. The annual growth rate of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET) were 0.0053, 5.10g·C/(m²·a^-1), 4.10g·C/(m²·a^-1) and 6.62mm, respectively. On the spatial pixel scale, the four ecosystem variables were also mainly increased over the past decade and most of the pixels have sustained growth trend in the future. However, the water use efficiency (WUE) of the ecosystem is decreasing both in annual averages and pixels value. Spatial analysis shows that the large scale vegetation ecological evolution is less influenced by the mining activities, but are mainly affected by the climate and regional ecological restoration projects.