Geological features of greenstone belt, typical gold deposits and gold mineralization in northern Guiana shield, South America

Guiana shield is located in the north of Amazon Craton, South America. Typical Archean granite-greenstone belt is developed extensively in the north part of Guiana shield. The rocks mainly include granite, gneiss, tonalite, Paleoproterozoic metamorphic ultrabasic-basic volcanic rock-intrusive rock and some other metavolcanic rocks. Guiana shield has a good geological background of greenstone-gold mineralization due to its unique tectonic position and complex tectonic evolution history. This paper provides a guideline for gold mine exploration in northern Guiana shield through a typical ore deposit analysis of Venezuela El Callao, Guiana Omai and Surinam Rosebel by Summarizing petrological features of Guiana greenstone belt in northern shield, petrogenic epoch as well as its tectonic evolutionary history. In addition, the authors made a systematic study of the metallogenic geological background of greenstone-gold deposit, ore-forming fluid, metallogenic chronology, and established a mineralization model for greenstone-gold mine. Exploration guides for gold deposits of Guiana shield are put forward based on the analysis of the ore-prospecting elements.