Experience and implications of wetland conservation and restoration in the United States from the perspective of earth system scienceTake the comprehensive Everglades restoration plan as an example

As an ecosystem with the highest primary productivity and the richest biodiversity on Earth, wetlands are facing a global degradation crisis due to the impact of human activities, climate change and other factors. In recent decades, the United States has established a comprehensive legal system of wetland protection, a scientific concept of ecosystem restoration, and a multi-sectoral division of cooperation mechanism, forming a relatively complete wetland protection and restoration model under the guidance of earth system science, which is worth learning and referring for China. Taking the comprehensive restoration plan of Everglades as an example, the working mode of wetland restoration is summarized. Through systematic comparative study, it is found that there are some problems in the restoration of wetlands in China, such as the management mechanism to be improved, the scientific concept to be insufficient, and the investigation and detection system to be strengthened. It is suggested to set up a national scientific plan for wetland ecological restoration, to focus on key issues such as soil and hydrological conditions in wetland ecosystems, to build a national wetland monitoring network, and to establish a wetland ecological restoration model featuring comprehensive investigation, real-time monitoring, timely warning and dynamic adjustment.