Genesis of Xinli gold deposit in Jiaodong Peninsula, Shandong Province
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摘要:
胶东半岛西北部三山岛-仓上断裂带的新立金矿床是典型的蚀变岩型金矿床。对新立金矿床的矿床地质特征和流体包裹体特征开展研究, 分析了新立金矿床的成矿流体特征, 明确新立金矿床的成因。矿床的矿化阶段划分为Ⅰ黄铁绢英岩阶段、Ⅱ石英-黄铁矿阶段、Ⅲ石英-多金属硫化物阶段和Ⅳ石英-碳酸盐阶段。将新立金矿床中的流体包裹体划分为单相液相包裹体(Ⅰ-l型)、单相气相包裹体(Ⅰ-g型)、两相富液相包裹体(Ⅱ-l型, V/V+L < 50%)、两相富气相包裹体(Ⅱ-g型, V/V+L>50%)和CO2-H2O三相包裹体(Ⅲ型, VCO2+LCO2+LH2O)。阶段Ⅰ中发育Ⅰ-l、Ⅰ-g、Ⅱ-l、Ⅱ-g和Ⅲ型流体包裹体, 均一温度为201~378℃, 盐度变化为3.06%~13.83%NaCl.eqv.; 阶段Ⅱ中发育Ⅰ-l、Ⅱ-l、Ⅱ-g和Ⅲ型流体包裹体, 均一温度为144~355℃, 盐度变化为2.07%~13.45%NaCl.eqv.; 阶段Ⅲ中发育Ⅰ-l、Ⅱ-l、Ⅱ-g和Ⅲ型流体包裹体, 均一温度为108~299℃, 盐度变化为0.35%~11.61%NaCl.eqv.; 阶段Ⅳ中发育Ⅱ-l、Ⅱ-g和Ⅲ型流体包裹体, 均一温度为102~236℃, 盐度变化为0.35%~10.49%NaCl.eqv.。激光拉曼光谱分析表明, 流体包裹体的成分为CO2、H2O和少量的CH4, 成矿流体为中-低温、低盐度的NaCl-CO2-H2O±CH4流体体系。新立金矿床阶段Ⅰ中δ18O水SMOW为4.86‰~6.04‰, δDSMOW为-72.49‰~-69.27‰, 表明成矿流体主要来自岩浆水。黄铁矿中δ34SCDT为10.8‰~13.2‰, 方铅矿中δ34SCDT为7.7‰, 新立金矿床的成矿物质硫元素可能直接来源于郭家岭花岗岩。成矿过程中随着成矿流体温度的降低, 成矿流体与围岩发生反应及流体的不混溶作用使流体发生相分离作用导致金的沉淀, 成因类型是与岩浆热液有关的脉状金矿床。
Abstract:The Xinli gold deposit in the Sanshandao-Cangshang fault zone in the northwest Jiaodong Peninsula is a typical altered-rock type gold deposit.This paper studies the geological characteristics and fluid inclusion characteristics of Xinli gold deposit, analyzes the ore-forming fluid characteristics of Xinli gold deposit, and defines the genesis of Xinli gold deposit.The hydrothermal mineralization period of Xinli gold deposit can be divided into Ⅰ beresitization stage, Ⅱ quartz-pyrite stage, Ⅲ quartz-polymetallic sulfide stage and Ⅳ quartz-calcite stage.The fluid inclusions in Xinli gold deposit can be divided into single-phase liquid inclusions(Ⅰ-l type), single-phase gas inclusions(Ⅰ-g type), two-phase liquid rich inclusions(Ⅱ-l type, V/V+L < 50%), two-phase gas rich inclusions(Ⅱ-g type, V/V+L>50%)and CO2-H2O three-phase inclusions(Ⅲ type, VCO2+LCO2+ LH2O).In stage I, type Ⅰ-l, Ⅰ-g, Ⅱ-l, Ⅱ-g and Ⅲ fluid inclusions are developed, with homogenization temperature ranging from 201℃ to 378℃, and the salinity ranging from 3.06%NaCl.eqv. to 13.83% NaCl.eqv.. In stage Ⅱ, type Ⅰ-l, Ⅱ-l, Ⅱ-g and Ⅲ fluid inclusions are developed, with homogenization temperature ranging from 144℃ to 355℃, and the salinity ranging from 2.07%NaCl.eqv. to 13.45% NaCl.eqv.; In stage Ⅲ, type Ⅰ-l, Ⅱ-l, Ⅱ-g and Ⅲ fluid inclusions are developed, with homogenization temperature ranging from 108℃ to 299℃, and the salinity ranging from 0.35%NaCl.eqv. to 11.61% NaCl.eqv.; In stage Ⅳ, type Ⅱ-l, Ⅱ-g and Ⅲ fluid inclusions are developed, with homogenization temperature ranging from 102℃ to 236℃, and the salinity ranging from 0.35%NaCl.eqv. to 10.49% NaCl.eqv.Laser Raman spectroscopy shows that the fluid inclusions are composed of CO2, H2O and a small amount of CH4.The ore-forming fluid is a medium-low temperature and low salinity NaCl-CO2-H2O±CH4 fluid system.In the stage Ⅰ of Xinli gold deposit, δ18Owater SMOW=4.86‰~6.04‰, δDSMOW=-72.49‰~-69.27‰, indicating that ore-forming fluids mainly come from magmatic water.The δ34SCDT values of pyrite range from 10.8‰ to 13.2‰, and the δ34SCDT values of galena is 7.7‰.The sulfur element of xinli gold deposit may be directly derived from Guojialing granite.With the decrease of ore-forming fluid temperature, the ore-forming fluid reacts with the surrounding rock and the immiscibility of the fluid leads to the phase separation of the fluid, which leads to the precipitation of gold.The genetic type is vein gold deposit related to magmatic hydrothermal solution.
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Keywords:
- Jiaodong Peninsula /
- Xinli gold deposit /
- fluid inclusion /
- ore-forming fluid /
- ore genesis /
- Shandong Province
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致谢: 样品采集得到山东黄金地质矿产勘查有限公司与山东黄金集团有限公司三山岛金矿的大力协助，显微激光拉曼光谱分析中得到实验室相关人员的悉心指导，审稿专家对本文提出建设性意见，在此一并致谢。
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图 1 胶东地区区域地质及金矿床分布图[2](底图以标准地图绘制，审图号为GS(2019)3333)
Figure 1. Regional geology and distribution of gold deposits in Jiaodong area
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图 3 新立金矿床71号勘探线地质剖面图与钻孔ZK71-1柱状图①
Figure 3. Geological profile of No.71 exploration line and ZK71-1 histogram of borehole in Xinli gold deposit
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图版Ⅰ
a.阶段Ⅰ黄铁绢英岩；b.阶段Ⅰ石英和绢云母显微图片；c.阶段Ⅰ黄铁矿；d.阶段Ⅱ石英-黄铁矿脉；e.阶段Ⅱ石英显微图片；f.阶段Ⅱ石英-黄铁矿脉显微图片；g.阶段Ⅱ毒砂和黄铁矿；h.阶段Ⅱ自然金呈包体金形态产出；i.阶段Ⅲ石英-多金属硫化物；j.阶段Ⅲ石英显微图片；k.阶段Ⅲ方铅矿交代黄铁矿呈交代残余结构；l.阶段Ⅲ黄铜矿沿黄铁矿裂隙生长；m.阶段Ⅲ矿石矿物显微图片；n.阶段Ⅳ石英-方解石脉；o.阶段Ⅳ方解石脉显微图片。Qtz—石英；Ser—绢云母；Cal—方解石；Py—黄铁矿；Gn—方铅矿；Ccp—黄铜矿；Sp—闪锌矿；Apy—毒砂；Gl—金
图版Ⅰ.
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图 4 样品采集位置图(图中数字为勘探线编号)
a—-253 m中段地质平面图；b—-440 m中段地质平面图；c—-485 m中段地质平面图；d—-546 m中段地质平面图；e—-666 m中段地质平面图
Figure 4. Sample collection location map
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图 5 新立金矿床流体包裹体激光拉曼光谱图
(a图Ⅱ-l型中含H2O；b图Ⅱ-g型中含H2O；c图Ⅱ-l型中含CO2；d图Ⅱ-l型中含CO2-CH4；e图Ⅲ型中含CO2-H2O；f图Ⅲ型中含CO2-H2O-CH4)
Figure 5. Laser Raman spectra of fluid inclusions in Xinli gold deposit
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图 6 新立金矿床不同矿化阶段流体包裹体均一温度和盐度频率直方图
Figure 6. Histogram of homogenization temperature and salinity frequency of fluid inclusions in different mineralization stages of Xinli gold deposit
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图 7 新立金矿床流体包裹体均一温度(a)和盐度(b)纵深方向变化示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of change of homogenization temperature(a) and salinity(b) of fluid inclusions in Xinli gold deposit
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表 1 新立金矿床流体包裹体显微测温数据
Table 1 Microthermometry data of fluid inclusions in Xinli gold deposit
样品编号 矿化阶段 测试矿物 包裹体类型 Tm.CO2/℃ Tm.ice/℃ Tm.clath/℃ Th.CO2/℃ Th.TOT/℃ 均一方式 XL44000-11 Ⅰ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -61.6~-56.8 -9.9~-1.4 3.9~8.2 23.7~28.6 201~348 液相/气相 XL44000-12 Ⅰ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.8~-56.9 -7.7~-4.2 3.2~6.3 23.2~30.0 204~378 液相/气相 XL54671-11 Ⅰ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.8~-56.8 -8.3~-3.6 2.8~8.4 24.5~31.1 268~367 液相 XL54671-12 Ⅰ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -59.2~-56.9 -5.4~-1.8 6.0~8.3 23.8~31.0 254~358 液相/气相 XL48508-21 Ⅱ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.2~-56.8 -7.9~-0.8 2.3~7.3 16.8~29.7 144~359 液相/气相 XL48508-22 Ⅱ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -57.1-~56.8 -7.2~-1.1 1.8~7.8 17.1~28.3 197~355 液相 XL54671-21 Ⅱ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -57.9~-57.1 -6.4~-0.3 4.8~6.1 19.6~24.9 150~319 液相/气相 XL54671-22 Ⅱ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -57.3 -9.0~-1.2 5.9~7.7 27.3~29.8 167~325 液相 XL66679-21 Ⅱ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.9~-58.3 -8.2~-1.2 5.3~8.9 21.2~26.1 158~298 液相 XL25375-31 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ -7.5~-0.9 108~296 液相/气相 XL44000-31 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -59.1~-56.9 -5.9~-1.3 6.2~8.7 19.5~31.0 206~286 液相/气相 XL54671-31 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -59.2~-56.8 -6.4~-0.2 7.4~8.2 26.7~29.8 122~297 液相/气相 XL54671-32 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -59.3~-56.8 -5.5~-0.9 5.3~7.9 27.0~30.7 168~298 液相 XL66679-31 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ -7.0~-1.5 172~299 液相 XL66679-32 Ⅲ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.6~-56.7 -6.8~-1.0 6.4~8.7 30.1~30.6 107~295 液相/气相 XL44000-41 Ⅳ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -58.2~-56.9 -7.0~-0.4 7.1~8.9 16.9~24.5 102~227 液相/气相 XL44000-41 Ⅳ 方解石 Ⅱ -4.5~-2.0 107~147 液相 XL44000-42 Ⅳ 石英 Ⅱ -6.2~-0.2 119~212 液相 XL54671-41 Ⅳ 石英 Ⅱ/Ⅲ -59.5~-56.9 -5.1~-1.2 6.2~9.6 21.3~29.9 106~236 液相/气相 XL54671-42 Ⅳ 石英 Ⅱ -6.0~-1.1 142~207 液相 注：Tm.CO2—CO2冰点温度；Tm.ice—冰点温度；Tm.clath—笼合物温度；Th.CO2—CO2部分均一温度；Th.TOT—完全均一温度 
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表 2 新立金矿床氢、氧同位素测试数据
Table 2 H and O isotope data of Xinli gold deposit
样品编号 成矿阶段 测试矿物 δDSMOW/‰ δ18O矿物SMOW/‰ 计算温度/℃ δ18O水SMOW/‰ XL44000-11 Ⅰ 石英 -72.49 12.80 305 6.04 XL54671-11 Ⅰ 石英 -69.27 11.40 310 4.86 XL48508-21 Ⅱ 石英 -71.16 14.70 280 7.02 XL54671-22 Ⅱ 石英 -68.77 11.96 270 3.90 XL66679-21 Ⅱ 石英 -70.30 14.17 270 6.11 XL44000-31 Ⅲ 石英 -77.63 14.70 245 5.53 XL66679-31 Ⅲ 石英 -74.77 14.80 245 5.64 XL44000-41 Ⅳ 石英 -69.20 12.90 165 -1.28 XL54671-41 Ⅳ 石英 -77.63 13.60 170 -0.17
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表 3 新立金矿床S同位素测试数据
Table 3 S isotope test data of Xinli gold deposit
样品编号 矿化阶段 矿物 δ34SCDT/‰ XL48508-21 Ⅱ 黄铁矿 13.2 XL66679-21 Ⅱ 黄铁矿 11.6 XL25375-31 Ⅲ 黄铁矿 10.8 XL44000-31 Ⅲ 黄铁矿 12.1 XL66679-31 Ⅲ 黄铁矿 11.2 XL66679-31 Ⅲ 方铅矿 7.7
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表 4 新立金矿床与胶东地区其他蚀变岩型金矿床地质特征、成矿流体特征对比
Table 4 Comparison of geological characteristics and ore-forming fluid characteristics between Xinli gold deposit and other alteration rock type gold deposits in Jiaodong area
对比项目 造山型金矿[51] 三山岛金矿床[52] 焦家金矿床[53] 新立金矿床 矿床类型 造山型金矿 蚀变岩型金矿 蚀变岩型金矿 蚀变岩型金矿 赋矿围岩 变质岩 花岗岩 花岗岩 花岗岩 控矿构造 韧脆性剪切带 三山岛-仓上断裂带 焦家-新城断裂带 三山岛-仓上断裂带 矿体形态 脉状 脉状、透镜状、似层状 脉状、透镜状、似层状 脉状、透镜状、似层状 矿石类型 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 石英脉型、蚀变岩型 金属矿物 黄铁矿为主 黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿 黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、 黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿 载金矿物 主要为黄铁矿 主要为黄铁矿 黄铁矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿、 主要为黄铁矿 主成矿温度 220~500℃ 207~336℃ 170~358℃ 200~320℃ 流体盐度 < 6% NaCl.eqv. 0.2%~18.4% NaCl.eqv. 2.04%~10.0% NaCl.eqv. 0.35%~13.83% NaCl.eqv. 流体不混溶现象 有 有 有 有 流体来源 变质流体 岩浆流体 岩浆流体 岩浆流体 成矿流体体系 含CO2水溶液 NaCl-CO2-H2O±CH4 NaCl-CO2-H2O±CH4 NaCl-CO2-H2O±CH4
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