Electron microprobe analysis of sulfide and its implication on genesis of Jinding lead zinc deposit in Yunnan Province
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摘要:
金顶铅锌矿床位于滇西兰坪思茅盆地北部，为世界级超大型铅锌矿床。应用电子探针分析(EPMA)技术测定了金顶铅锌矿床中不同矿段(北厂、跑马坪、白草坪)黄铁矿、闪锌矿的微量元素组成，探讨金属硫化物的地球化学特征、矿床成矿环境，从而为研究区矿床成因提供依据。结果表明，各个矿段不同寄主岩石中黄铁矿相对富集Pb、Zn、Co，贫Cu、Cd、Ni、Sb、Te等微量元素，闪锌矿相对富集Cd、Pb等微量元素，贫Fe、Mn、Ag、Cu、Sb等。微量元素Cd、Fe、Mn、Sb、Cu、Pb、Co、Zn等可能以类质同象、矿物包体及多种形式赋存于金属硫化物中。硫化物微量元素特征显示其主要形成于中低温，成矿温度自白草坪-北厂-跑马坪呈现上升特征，具盆地卤水特征。综合矿床地质特征及微量元素特征，表明金顶铅锌矿床应属于密西西比河谷型(MVT)矿床一类。
Abstract:The Jinding lead-zinc deposit is located in the northern of the Lanping-Simao Basin in western Yunnan, which is a world-class super large lead-zinc deposit.The electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)technology was used to determine the trace element composition of pyrite and sphalerite in different ore sections of the Jinding lead-zinc deposit in this paper (Beichang, Paomaping and Baicaoping).This paper discusses the geochemical characteristics of metal sulfide and the metallogenic environment of the deposit, which provide a basis for the genesis of the deposit in the study area.The results show that the different host rocks in each ore section are relatively enriched in Pb, Zn and Co, but poor in trace elements, such as Cu, Cd, Ni, Sb and Te, while sphalerite is relatively enriched in Cd and Pb, but poor in trace elements, such as Fe, Mn, Ag, Cu and Sb.Trace elements, such as Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Cu, Pb, Co and Zn, could occur in sulfides as isomorphism, mineral inclusions or various forms.The characteristics of trace elements of sulfides show that there are mainly formed at medium and low temperature.The mineralization temperature shows rising characteristics from Baicaoping to Beichang to Paomaping, which has the characteristics of basin brine.According to the geological and trace element characteristics of the deposit, Jinding lead-zinc deposit should belong to MVT deposit.
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Keywords:
- Jinding lead-zinc deposite /
- lectron probe /
- genesis of the deposit /
- sulfide /
- Yunnan Province
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致谢: 诚挚感谢中色紫金地质勘察有限责任公司蒋斌斌工程师在野外工作中的大力支持和帮助。
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图 1 喜马拉雅造山带中新生代盆地构造(a)、兰坪-思茅地块金顶铅锌矿床位置(b)与兰坪盆地北部区域地质简图(c)(据参考文献[1, 22-23]修改)
Figure 1. The generalized structure and distribution of Mesozoic-Cenozoic basins in Himalayan orogenic (a), the location of Jinding lead-zinc deposit in Lanping-Simao block (b), and the geological sketch map of the northern part of Lanping basin (c)
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图 2 金顶铅锌矿床地质图(据参考文献①修改)
1—第四系砾石及砂土; 2—古新统果郎组泥质粉砂岩、细砂岩; 3—古新统云龙组含石膏灰岩角砾岩、含砾砂岩、粉砂岩; 4—古新统云龙组含砾的砂岩、粉砂岩; 5—古新统云龙组泥砾岩，夹石膏和粉砂岩; 6—下白垩统景星组石英砂岩; 7—中侏罗统花开佐组粉砂岩及细砂岩; 8—上三叠统麦初菁组粉砂质泥岩; 9—上三叠统挖鲁八组泥岩及粉砂岩; 10—上三叠统三合洞组泥灰岩、含燧石、沥青白云质灰岩; 11—正断层; 12—逆断层; 13—断裂; 14—地质界线; 15—矿体; 16—采样位置
Figure 2. The geological map of the Jinding lead-zinc deposit
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图版Ⅰ
a、b. 砂岩型铅锌矿石; c、d. 含砾砂岩型铅锌矿石; e、f. 灰岩角砾岩型铅锌矿石; g、h. 砂岩型矿石浸染状矿化反光镜下照片、i、j. 含脉状方铅矿化的砂岩型矿石正交偏光镜下照片; k、l. 含砾砂岩型矿石反光镜下照片; m. 灰岩角砾岩型矿石中胶状闪锌矿单偏光镜下照片; n. 灰岩角砾岩型矿石中胶状黄铁矿反光镜下照片; o. 灰岩角砾岩型矿石中蠕虫状闪锌矿透射光镜下照片。Lim—灰岩角砾; Cal—方解石; Ga—方铅矿; Py—黄铁矿; Hem—赤铁矿; Q—石英; Sp—闪锌矿; Cls—天青石
图版Ⅰ.
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图 3 北厂闪锌矿Zn-Cd(a)、Zn-Pb(b)、Zn-Fe(c)、Fe-Mn(d)、Zn-Ag(e)、Fe-Cd(f)关系图
Figure 3. Diagrams showing relationships of the Zn-Cd(a), Zn-Pb(b), Zn-Fe(c), Fe-Mn(d), Zn-Ag(e) and Fe-Cd(f) of sphalerite from the ore section of Beichang
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图 4 跑马坪闪锌矿Zn-Fe(a)、Zn-Cd(b)、Zn-Cu(c)、Zn-Pb(d)、Fe-Mn(e)、Zn-Sb(f)关系图
Figure 4. Diagrams showing relationships of the Zn-Fe(a), Zn-Cd(b), Zn-Cu(c), Zn-Pb(d), Fe-Mn(e), Zn-Sb(f) of sphalerite from the ore section of Paomaping
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图 5 白草坪闪锌矿Zn-Fe(a)、Zn-Cd(b)、Zn-Cu(c)、Zn-Pb(d)、Zn-Sb(e)、Fe-Mn(f)关系图
Figure 5. Diagrams showing relationships of the Zn-Fe(a), Zn-Cd(b), Zn-Cu(c), Zn-Pb(d), Zn-Sb(e) and Fe-Mn(f) of sphalerite from the ore section of Baicaoping
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图 6 跑马坪黄铁矿Fe-Zn(a)、Fe-Cd(b)、Fe-Mn(c)、Fe-Co(d)、Fe-Cu(e)、Sb-Cu(f)关系图
Figure 6. Diagrams showing relationships of the Fe-Zn(a), Fe-Cd(b), Fe-Mn(c), Fe-Co(d), Fe-Cu(e), Sb-Cu(f) of pyrite from the ore section of Paomaping
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图 7 北厂黄铁矿Fe-Zn(a)、Fe-Cd(b)、Fe-Co(c)、Fe-Pb(d)、Fe-Cu(e)、Sb-Cd(f)关系图
Figure 7. Diagrams showing relationships of the Fe-Zn(a), Fe-Cd(b), Fe-Co(c), Fe-Pb(d), Fe-Cu(e) and Sb-Cu(f) pyrite from the ore section of Beichang
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图 8 胶状闪锌矿Fe-Cd元素含量分布图
a—为样品JZK18-31;b—样品JZK18-17
Figure 8. Distribution diagrams of Fe-Cd element content in colloidal sphalerite
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图版Ⅱ
a.JZK18-31胶状闪锌矿透射光照片; b.JZK18-31胶状闪锌矿反射光照片; c.JZK18-31胶状闪锌矿部分的背散射图片; d.JZK18-17胶状闪锌矿单偏光镜下照片; e.JZK18-17胶状闪锌矿反光镜下照片; f.JZK18-17闪锌矿背散射图片。Sp—闪锌矿; Cal—方解石
图版Ⅱ.
表 1 金顶铅锌矿床黄铁矿电子探针分析结果
Table 1 The analytical results of price from the Jinding lead-znic deposit using electron probe
% 样品编号 矿石类型及矿物特征 Zn Fe S Pb Sb Cd Ag Cu Ni Co Mn 总计 跑马坪 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.016 44.135 52.851 0.044 - 0.024 - - - 0.087 1.84 99.009 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.032 45.332 53.048 - 0.007 0.012 - 0.011 - 0.082 1.019 99.584 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 - 45.837 53.302 0.057 0.005 0.008 - - - 0.063 0.726 100.009 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.011 44.804 52.135 0.037 - - 0.003 - 0.015 0.062 0.549 97.655 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 - 44.869 53.293 0.135 0.004 0.018 - 0.019 0.003 0.087 1.515 99.943 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 - 47.178 52.951 - - 0.011 0.005 - - 0.073 0.065 100.372 JZB26-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.091 45.494 52.795 0.076 0.023 0.007 0.007 0.006 - 0.064 0.848 99.411 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.15 46.423 52.996 0.456 0.003 0.008 - - - 0.105 0.06 100.211 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.098 46.907 53.248 0.393 - 0.007 - - 0.016 0.072 0.159 100.9 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.035 46.848 53.227 0.227 - 0.002 0.027 0.003 - 0.074 0.149 100.62 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 - 44.864 51.12 0.785 0.001 0.004 0.007 0.001 0.004 0.106 0.547 97.439 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 0.012 46.333 52.843 0.177 0.008 0.003 0.004 0.017 0.007 0.057 0.266 99.758 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.051 43.014 52.009 1.01 0.002 0.006 0.016 0.006 0.022 0.091 1.558 97.797 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.044 45.195 52.261 0.011 - - - - - 0.083 0.6 98.197 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.032 45.276 53.045 - 0.012 0.012 - 0.019 - 0.087 0.552 99.054 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.069 45.183 52.756 0.071 0.014 0.011 - - - 0.062 0.327 98.507 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.046 45.257 52.957 0.066 - 0.016 0.004 - 0.002 0.091 0.592 99.031 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 - 44.542 52.729 - - 0.006 - 0.02 - 0.105 0.677 98.08 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.023 46.284 53.281 0.11 0.002 0.002 - - 0.008 0.055 0.53 100.338 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.05 45.753 53.012 - 0.001 0.021 0.008 0.027 - 0.086 0.487 99.451 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.024 45.384 52.674 - 0.003 0.004 0.004 - 0.005 0.076 0.637 98.894 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.058 46.217 52.585 0.096 0.002 0.006 0.006 - 0.001 0.084 0.433 99.488 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 0.008 44.673 52.896 - 0.008 0.009 - 0.004 0.007 0.085 1.321 99.031 JDB18-17 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 - 45.356 53.304 0.032 - - 0.006 0.001 - 0.093 0.744 99.542 北厂 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 - 46.728 52.995 - 0.012 0.011 - 0.013 - 0.096 0.012 99.879 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 0.021 47.135 52.595 0.096 - 0.011 0.01 - - 0.077 0.028 99.976 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 0.015 46.893 53.742 0.132 0.006 0.013 - 0.017 0.006 0.093 - 100.917 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 - 46.615 53.122 0.021 - - - 0.011 0.004 0.087 - 99.895 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 0.01 46.262 53.011 0.21 0.015 0.017 0.002 - - 0.086 - 99.624 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 0.01 45.462 53.909 0.03 0.005 0.017 0.004 0.02 - 0.086 0.008 99.587 JZB21-14 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 0.027 45.883 52.773 0.123 - 0.024 0.01 - - 0.034 - 98.906 JZB21-14 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 - 45.853 52.486 0.622 0.004 0.022 - 0.012 - 0.005 0.014 99.018 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 0.035 47.106 53.395 - 0.002 0.01 0.005 0.003 - 0.072 0.18 100.808 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 0.117 46.611 54.261 0.082 - 0.016 0.01 0.003 - 0.078 0.347 101.525 注：“-”代表低于检测下限 
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表 2 金顶铅锌矿床中闪锌矿电子探针分析结果
Table 2 The analytical results of sphalerites from the Jinding Pb-Zn deposit using electron probe
% 样品编号 矿石类型及矿物特征 Zn Fe S Pb Sb Cd Ag Cu Ni Co Mn 总计 跑马坪 JZB18-31 灰岩角砾岩型，蠕虫状矿化 66.505 0.012 32.787 - - 0.229 0.005 - - - 0.006 99.587 JZB18-31 灰岩角砾岩型，蠕虫状矿化 65.847 0.033 33.438 0.043 - 0.297 - 0.018 0.005 - 0.007 99.707 JZB18-31 灰岩角砾岩型，蠕虫状矿化 65.506 0.042 33.243 0.033 - 0.588 0.002 - - 0.009 0.001 99.439 JZB18-31 灰岩角砾岩型，蠕虫状矿化 66.255 0.021 33.456 0.028 - 0.367 - - - - - 100.151 JZB18-31-1 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.868 0.016 32.566 0.076 0.014 0.545 - 0.006 - - 0.007 100.154 JZB18-31-2 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.23 0.039 32.108 0.258 - 0.274 - 0.032 - - 0.012 98.955 JZB18-31-3 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.904 0.025 32.57 0.177 - 0.416 - 0.042 0.001 0.001 0.013 100.167 JZB18-31-4 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.256 0.083 32.2 0.685 0.006 0.248 - - - 0.002 0.052 98.542 JZB18-31-5 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.791 0.109 32.543 0.303 - 0.234 - - - - 0.044 99.057 JZB18-31-6 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 64.851 0.116 32.14 0.254 - 2.534 0.011 - 0.007 0.023 0.002 99.938 JZB18-31-7 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.133 0.164 32.646 0.071 - 0.218 - - 0.004 0.011 0.087 99.334 JZB18-31-8 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 63.727 1.635 32.233 0.447 - 0.133 0.003 - 0.006 0.014 0.182 98.432 JZB18-31-9 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 64.835 0.388 32.105 0.632 0.005 0.251 - - 0.009 0.004 0.043 98.586 JZB18-31-10 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.718 0.081 32.88 0.313 - 0.309 0.025 - - 0.008 0.044 99.382 JZB18-31-11 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.917 0.303 32.792 0.662 - 0.102 0.003 0.051 - 0.011 0.134 99.998 JZB18-31-12 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.573 0.054 32.713 - - 0.298 0.006 - - - 0.002 98.664 JZB18-27 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.381 0.059 32.339 0.271 - 0.158 - 0.11 0.012 0.002 0.019 99.351 JZB18-27 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 67.338 0.029 32.779 0.223 - 0.317 - 0.068 - 0.011 0.013 100.816 JDB18-17-1 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.24 0.043 32.534 0.401 0.001 0.362 0.017 - - 0.008 0.031 99.637 JDB18-17-2 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.892 0.019 31.987 0.379 - 0.292 - - - - 0.043 98.612 JDB18-17-3 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.546 0.036 32.361 0.373 - 0.38 - - - 0.007 0.026 98.731 JDB18-17-4 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.675 0.032 32.393 0.366 0.021 0.384 - - - - 0.022 98.923 JDB18-17-5 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 65.749 0.028 32.201 0.356 0.001 0.323 - - 0.012 0.013 0.063 98.746 JDB18-17-6 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.393 0.067 32.52 0.344 - 0.247 - - 0.001 - 0.024 99.638 JDB18-17-7 灰岩角砾岩型，胶状矿化 66.456 0.263 33.263 0.115 - 0.184 - - - 0.007 0.027 100.323 JDB18-22 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 65.347 1.134 32.085 0.269 0.027 0.003 0.011 0.122 - - 0.038 99.036 JZB26-2-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 66.431 0.083 32.661 0.497 - 0.334 - - 0.014 0.03 0.051 100.121 JZB26-2-2 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 64.616 0.028 32.159 0.058 0.009 2.369 - 0.003 - 0.006 0.034 99.282 JDB44-8 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 66.622 0.256 32.586 0.058 - 0.852 - - - - 0.028 JDB44-8 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 65.565 0.159 32.407 0.003 0.004 0.318 - - 0.001 0.013 0.015 98.517 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 63.374 0.779 32.604 0.092 0.01 2.08 0.001 - - 0.005 0.044 98.989 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 63.185 0.857 32.307 0.117 - 3.245 0.021 0.043 0.003 0.043 0.034 99.865 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 62.465 2.279 32.041 0.507 - 0.29 0.008 0.064 - - 0.086 97.756 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 61.43 0.02 31.681 0.042 0.039 6.696 - 0.022 0.002 0.009 0.01 99.957 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 65.639 0.092 31.157 0.043 0.011 1.978 - - 0.007 0.017 0.036 98.98 JKB817-1 灰岩角砾岩型，浸染状矿化 65.657 0.662 32.14 0.003 - 0.205 - 0.003 - 0.004 0.166 98.901 北厂 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 65.947 0.047 32.172 0.053 - 0.279 - - - - 0.006 98.504 JDB402-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 65.088 0.206 32.172 0.063 - 0.222 0.001 - - - 0.005 97.757 JZB21-14 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 65.45 0.044 32.222 0.035 0.002 0.467 - - 0.001 - - 98.221 JZB21-14 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 64.391 0.05 32.799 0.242 - 0.376 - - - 0.007 0.004 97.876 JDB413-2 砂岩型，稠密浸染状矿化 64.823 - 32.009 0.07 - 2.443 - - 0.018 - 0.002 99.365 JDB413-2 砂岩型，稠密浸染状矿化 63.752 0.015 32.175 0.032 - 2.762 0.002 - 0.002 - - 98.751 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 65.46 - 32.345 - 0.024 2.656 0.007 - - - - 100.498 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 65.904 0.051 32.489 - - 0.473 0.008 - 0.017 0.006 - 98.97 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 65.423 - 32.75 - 0.015 2.43 - - - - 0.006 100.648 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 66.61 0.067 32.629 0.003 - 0.898 - - 0.013 0.006 0.011 100.246 JDB412-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 66.635 0.027 32.933 0.03 - 0.657 - - - - - 100.282 白草坪 JDB401-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 63.583 0.03 32.377 0.173 0.005 1.258 - - 0.008 0.032 0.001 97.502 JDB401-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 63.943 0.063 32.17 0.158 - 1.685 - 0.011 0.006 - - 98.036 JDB401-1 砂岩型，浸染状矿化 63.522 0.023 32.068 0.208 - 1.26 - - 0.011 - - 97.099 JDB401-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 64.059 0.046 32.257 0.023 0.009 1.492 - 0.03 0.01 - 0.006 97.94 JDB401-2 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 62.261 1.423 32.398 0.1 0.008 0.641 - 0.255 - 0.004 0.012 97.102 JDB404-3 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 56.855 0.052 31.017 0.039 0.012 12.289 - 0.013 - - - 100.277 JDB404-3 含灰岩角砾砂岩型，浸染状 59.682 0.012 28.766 0.007 0.013 10.062 - 0.035 - - - 98.577 注：“-”代表低于检测下限
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