Abstract: Qinling Mountains with complex geological structures, shattered rocks and specific types of slope constitute one of the geohazard high incidence areas. In order to ascertain the main controlling factors of landslide and collapse in Qingling Mountains, the authors chose Nanqin River basin as the study object and conducted on-the-spot investigation and comprehensive research to find out the development characteristics of landslide and analyze the environment of hazard development. The results show that stratigraphic lithology affected by long-term tectonic deformation seems to be the material basis of geological disasters. The multiple structural plane plays a controlling role in the geological disasters. The slope structure controls the geological disaster model. The structural faults control the spatial distribution of collapse and landslide. The human engineering activities exacerbate the development degree of collapse and landslide. The extreme rainfall is the main inducement of geological disasters.