Abstract: Studies on neotectonics, active tectonics and earthquake geology constitute important basis for seismic hazard assessment analysis. Neotectonics and active tectonics are also important research contents for carrying out crust stability evaluation along the major projects. This paper has reviewed the neotectonics, the basic definitions, the relation and distinction and main geological work and methods in the study of neotectonics, active tectonic and earthquake geology. On the basis of a brief review of the main status and progress in the study of neotectonics, active tectonics and earthquake geology both in China and abroad, the authors further put forward the main problems and some suggestions concerning future work which deserve attention in these research fields. Finally, the authors describe many valuable achievements in active tectonic and earthquake geological study of the active tectonic systems, active faults and paleo-earthquakes as well as regional seismic hazard assessment around the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and Yushu area of Qinghai Province in recent years, with the valuable geological work being supported by China Geological Survey.