Abstract: Hunan Province is rich in quartz sandstone mineral resources, which mainly occur in Devonian and Carboniferous shallow marine or sea land interactive sedimentary strata. The ore body is thick and of good quality. In order to provide a scientific basis for the application of advanced materials in typical quartz sandstone deposits in Hunan Province, on the basis of previous research, taking the Tanjiaao deposit in Xiangtan County as an example, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were used. Other modern testing and analysis techniques, such as the use of micro-area in-situ analysis have carried out in-depth research. The occurrence state of ore impurities is deeply studied, and the genesis of the deposit is discussed. The results show that the average content of SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ in Tanjiaao quartz sandstone ore is 95.29%, 1.27% and 1.12% respectively. The impurity elements of Al and Fe in the cement are mainly produced in the form of minerals such as muscovite, clay and hematite, and minerals such as ilmenite, zircon, monazite and rutile are occasionally found in the ore. Tanjiaao quartz sandstone is mostly fine-grained quartz sandstone, with high purity, sub rounded sub prismatic roundness, pore pressure inlay cementation, and high mineral maturity and structural maturity, reflecting the sedimentary characteristics of foreshore subfacies in coastal environment. The Proterozoic strata and Caledonian magmatic rocks widely exposed in the area provide material sources for the quartz sandstone in this area. After multiple cycles of transportation, sorting and sedimentation, the quartz sandstone of the Middle Devonian Tiaomajian Formation is formed, and the quartz sandstone deposit is formed in the well sorted part.