Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Yari granites in the west-middle segment of the Lhasa Terrane Tibet Evidences from geochronology geochemistry and Hf isotope
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摘要:
广泛分布在拉萨地体的中生代岩浆岩越来越受到地质学者的关注和研究，其研究成果对拉萨地体演化过程具有重要地质意义，而拉萨地体西段晚侏罗世亚日二长花岗岩体岩石成因、岩浆源区性质目前尚未得到很好地约束。对拉萨地体中西段亚日二长花岗岩体进行岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素特征研究，结果显示岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为152.1±1.5 Ma，表明其形成于晚侏罗世。二长花岗岩SiO2含量为73.55%~74.19%，P2O5为0.12%~0.14%，铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为1.07~1.23，主要为一套过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。稀土元素总量（ΣREE）在104.12×10-6~247.22×10-6之间，（La/Yb）N值为32.14~51.03，明显富集轻稀土元素，具有明显的负Eu异常（δEu=0.54~0.68），稀土元素配分型式呈右倾特征；微量元素特征显示，样品具有富集大离子亲石元素（LILE）Rb、Th、U，亏损高场强元素（HFSE）Nb、Ti的特征，整体显示其为一套高钾钙碱性系列强过铝质S型花岗岩。岩石学、年代学及地球化学研究综合表明，新特提斯洋壳向北和班公湖-怒江洋壳向南的双向俯冲作用引起冈底斯微陆块与下察隅岩浆弧带发生陆-弧碰撞，而被板块俯冲作用卷入新生地壳的泥质岩夹杂砂岩在受热后抬升减压过程中发生部分熔融，形成晚侏罗世亚日S型二长花岗岩，同时研究区在晚侏罗世可能处于构造背景体制的转换阶段，即可能处于由俯冲向碰撞作用过渡的演化过程。
Abstract:More geological researchers are focusing on the Mesozoic magmatic activities of Lhasa terrane, which is significant for the evolution of the Lhasa terrane. But the petrogenesis and magmatic origin of the Late Jurassic Yari Granites(YRG) remain poorly constrained. This study presents petrology, zircon U-Pb ages, geochemistry, and Lu-Hf isotopic data of YRG. The zircon U-Pb age of the pluton is 152.1±1.5 Ma, indicating that it was formed in the Late Jurassic. The YRG are mainly adamellite characterized by high silicon (SiO2=73.55%~74.19%), rich alkali, peraluminous and poor MgO, MnO and P2O5(0.12%~0.14%). It belongs to the series of high potassium calc-alkaline with high degree of differentiation. It is characterized by ΣREE of 104.12×10-6~247.22×10-6, (La/Yb) N of 32.14~51.03, enrichment of light rare earth elements(ΣLREE), obvious negative Eu anomaly (δEu=0.54~0.68) and right-dipping distribution pattern of rare earth elements. It is enriched in Rb, Th, U and other large ion lithophile elements, and depleted in Nb, Ti. It belongs to highly differentiated S-type granite. Its petrology, geochronology and geochemistry indicate that the double subduction of the Neo-Tethys' northward subduction and Bangong-Nujiang Ocean' southward subduction led to the collision between the Gandese micro-continent and Chayu magmatic arc. The YRG were highly fractionated S-type adamellite and the source area might be related to the partial melting of mudstone with greywacke under the tectonic decompression settings. It is proposed that during the Late Jurassic, the Lhasa terrane area experienced a tectonic transformation from subduction to collision.
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致谢: 感谢审稿专家的建设性意见，野外工作得到了原武警黄金部队十一支队的同事、战士们的大力支持，同时还有朱家山工作室师兄弟们野外的帮助，分析测试单位包志安老师在测试工作中给予很大的支持，在此一并感谢。
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图 1 青藏高原构造单元图(a)及亚日地区地质简图(b)
BNSZ—班公湖-怒江缝合带；LSSZ—龙木错-双湖缝合带；JSSZ—金沙江缝合带；IYSZS—雅鲁藏布江缝合带
Figure 1. Tectonic division of the Tibet (a) and simplified geological map of the Yari Granites(YRG)
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图 2 亚日二长花岗岩野外露头及显微照片
Qz—石英；Pl—斜长石；Kf—钾长石；Bt—黑云母
Figure 2. Field and microphotographs of YRG
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图 5 亚日花岗岩TAS图解(a)和Si2O-K2O图解(b)
Figure 5. Diagrams of TAS (a) and SiO2-K2O (b) for YRG
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图 7 亚日花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化分布型式图解(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化多元素图解(b)
Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns (a) and primitive mantle-normalized multielement diagram (b) for YRG
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图 9 锆石年龄-εHf(t)图解(a)和Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba协变关系图(b)
Figure 9. Diagram of zircon ages-εHf(t) (a) and Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba discrimination diagram(b)
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图 10 亚日二长花岗岩Y-Nb(a)和(Y+Nb)-Rb(b)构造环境判别图[43]
Figure 10. Y-Nb(a) and (Y+Nb)-Rb(b) discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of YRG
表 1 亚日花岗岩锆石LA- MC-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb年龄数据
Table 1 LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb data of zircon from YRG
编号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 谐和度/% Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 9 82 346 0.24 0.1513 0.0062 0.0469 0.0020 0.0234 0.0002 143 5.5 42.7 100.0 149 1.5 95 2 68 141 2797 0.05 0.1795 0.0034 0.0533 0.0010 0.0243 0.0002 168 2.9 343 40.7 155 1.2 92 3 26 391 985 0.40 0.1748 0.0047 0.0534 0.0015 0.0237 0.0002 164 4.1 346 63.0 151 1.2 92 4 124 46.3 5114 0.01 0.1780 0.0031 0.0528 0.0010 0.0245 0.0002 166 2.7 320 40.7 156 1.2 93 5 8 185 263 0.71 0.1590 0.0063 0.0481 0.0019 0.0240 0.0003 150 5.5 106 96.3 153 1.9 97 6 18 226 698 0.32 0.1760 0.0052 0.0543 0.0016 0.0234 0.0002 165 4.5 383 66.7 149 1.2 90 7 27 141 1117 0.13 0.1685 0.0042 0.0514 0.0013 0.0238 0.0002 158 3.7 257 59.2 151 1.1 95 8 34 225 1252 0.18 0.1573 0.0038 0.0485 0.0012 0.0235 0.0002 148 3.4 124 62.0 150 1.1 99 9 34 44 1373 0.03 0.1710 0.0044 0.0506 0.0012 0.0244 0.0002 160 3.8 233 57.4 156 1.4 97 10 27 235 1021 0.23 0.1685 0.0046 0.0497 0.0014 0.0246 0.0002 158 4.0 189 66.7 157 1.2 99 11 13 139 502 0.28 0.1638 0.0059 0.0498 0.0018 0.0239 0.0002 154 5.1 187 118 153 1.6 99 12 51 91 2103 0.04 0.1657 0.0034 0.0490 0.0010 0.0245 0.0002 156 3.0 150 50.0 156 1.0 99 13 59 227 2446 0.09 0.1596 0.0035 0.0490 0.0010 0.0236 0.0002 150 3.1 146 50.0 150 1.1 99 14 42 38 1781 0.02 0.1562 0.0035 0.0479 0.0011 0.0236 0.0002 147 3.0 94.5 51.8 150 1.4 98 15 22 385 776 0.50 0.1803 0.0067 0.0522 0.0021 0.0251 0.0003 168 5.8 300 95 160 1.7 94 16 141 121 5582 0.02 0.1746 0.0038 0.0498 0.0009 0.0253 0.0003 163 3.3 183 45.4 161 2.0 98 17 72 62. 2726 0.02 0.1855 0.0040 0.0506 0.0010 0.0264 0.0003 173 3.4 220 80.5 168 1.7 97 18 59 153 357 0.43 1.4827 0.0308 0.0730 0.0015 0.1468 0.0010 923 12.6 1013 40.7 883 5.6 95 19 17 27 100 0.28 1.6229 0.0456 0.0719 0.0018 0.1623 0.0023 979 17.7 983 51.5 970 12.5 99 20 97 208 310 0.67 3.6576 0.0649 0.1038 0.0016 0.2543 0.0028 1562 14.2 1694 27.8 1461 14.6 93 21 176 145 213 0.68 21.5819 0.3443 0.2556 0.0041 0.6105 0.0041 3165 15.6 3220 25.6 3072 16.4 97 
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表 2 亚日二长花岗岩锆石LA-MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf同位素数据
Table 2 LA-MC-ICP-MS Lu-Hf isotope data of zircon from YRG
编号 t/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf(t) εHf(t) TDM1 /Ma TDM2 /Ma fLu/Hf 1 149 0.017160 0.000579 0.000048 0.282075 0.000018 0.282073 -21.46 1639 2557 -0.98 2 155 0.019246 0.000620 0.000028 0.282084 0.000016 0.282082 -21.01 1628 2533 -0.98 3 151 0.038154 0.001228 0.000044 0.282133 0.000022 0.282130 -19.40 1586 2431 -0.96 4 156 0.038054 0.001183 0.000019 0.282118 0.000015 0.282115 -19.82 1605 2461 -0.96 5 161 0.027729 0.000841 0.000019 0.282028 0.000017 0.282026 -22.86 1715 2655 -0.97 6 153 0.034664 0.001122 0.000025 0.282150 0.000018 0.282147 -18.75 1558 2391 -0.97 7 970 0.025590 0.000936 0.000036 0.282320 0.000021 0.282303 4.88 1313 1519 -0.97 8 168 0.021756 0.000655 0.000004 0.282208 0.000017 0.282206 -16.33 1459 2250 -0.98 9 160 0.021364 0.000682 0.000026 0.282140 0.000019 0.282138 -18.92 1554 2407 -0.98 10 149 0.010359 0.000334 0.000009 0.282136 0.000018 0.282135 -19.26 1545 2420 -0.99 11 1694 0.026091 0.000887 0.000018 0.281899 0.000021 0.281871 5.89 1895 2016 -0.97 12 3220 0.029687 0.001171 0.000028 0.280746 0.000019 0.280673 -1.49 3487 3645 -0.96 13 1013 0.023558 0.000778 0.000012 0.282144 0.000017 0.282129 -0.32 1552 1880 -0.98 14 151 0.009411 0.000288 0.000013 0.282120 0.000015 0.282119 -19.78 1565 2454 -0.99 16 150 0.015485 0.000490 0.000013 0.282092 0.000017 0.282091 -20.8 1612 2519 -0.99 17 156 0.019563 0.000607 0.000017 0.281788 0.000039 0.281786 -31.46 2033 3188 -0.98 18 157 0.011089 0.000360 0.000035 0.282113 0.000016 0.282112 -19.90 1577 2465 -0.99 19 153 0.030065 0.001016 0.000080 0.281821 0.000037 0.281818 -30.39 2009 3118 -0.97 20 156 0.024600 0.000948 0.000031 0.282226 0.000021 0.282223 -16.00 1445 2219 -0.97 21 150 0.043087 0.001333 0.000040 0.282064 0.000020 0.282060 -21.89 1687 2585 -0.96
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表 3 亚日花岗岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素组成
Table 3 Whole-rock major, trace element and REE compositions of YRG
样品 T-3-DH1 T-3-DH2 T-3-DH3 T-3-DH4 T-3-DH5 T-3-DH6 T-3-DH7 T-3-DH8 T-3-DH9 T-3-DH10 SiO2 73.23 72.81 73.05 73.14 72.13 73.43 72.73 73.37 73.06 73.01 TiO2 0.18 0.23 0.17 0.23 0.23 0.13 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.23 Al2O3 14.43 14.20 14.50 14.61 14.17 14.38 14.84 14.44 14.42 14.54 TFe2O3 1.07 1.42 1.05 1.41 1.41 0.78 1.14 1.50 1.37 1.34 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 MgO 0.28 0.38 0.29 0.41 0.38 0.20 0.30 0.39 0.34 0.37 CaO 0.97 1.14 0.86 0.91 1.58 0.82 0.80 1.10 0.89 1.04 Na2O 2.97 2.68 2.73 2.78 2.85 2.75 2.57 2.92 2.70 2.89 K2O 5.09 5.43 5.62 5.35 5.21 5.81 5.86 5.10 5.70 5.30 P2O5 0.09 0.18 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.14 烧失量 1.08 1.15 1.39 1.08 1.93 1.20 1.41 1.10 1.13 1.25 总计 98.34 98.5 98.41 98.99 98.12 98.41 98.61 99.2 98.85 98.89 Mg# 37.90 38.40 39.20 40.40 38.60 37.40 38.00 37.70 36.60 39.20 A/CNK 1.187 1.149 1.195 1.216 1.073 1.169 1.234 1.172 1.179 1.174 Rb 298 298 326 286 299 314 351 307 344 273 Sr 88.20 90.90 90.60 83.90 94.40 84.30 89.10 93.00 98.90 92.00 Ba 279 352 315 316 312 290 341 344 348 352 Th 24.00 28.40 20.80 26.70 27.60 15.20 25.40 32.70 26.10 28.90 U 4.26 5.24 3.77 4.39 4.16 2.79 4.16 5.54 4.17 4.75 Nb 14.90 18.00 15.10 17.30 17.70 12.30 19.20 20.50 22.80 16.90 Ta 1.80 1.60 1.90 1.20 1.70 1.70 2.10 2.00 3.30 1.50 Zr 109 174 112 133 148 60 140 171 147 159 Hf 3.70 5.60 3.60 4.30 4.30 2.00 4.80 5.60 4.70 4.90 Co 1.00 1.40 0.90 1.40 1.30 0.70 1.10 1.50 1.30 1.30 Ni 0.70 1.00 0.60 1.10 0.90 0.50 0.70 0.90 1.00 0.90 Cr 1.00 3.00 1.00 3.00 3.00 <1 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 V 8.00 11.00 7.00 11.00 10.00 4.00 10.00 13.00 10.00 10.00 Sc 1.90 2.60 2.00 2.50 2.60 1.70 3.00 3.00 2.60 2.40 Cs 6.33 5.36 7.28 5.50 5.12 7.47 6.38 6.85 8.06 7.55 Ga 21.00 20.10 20.60 20.10 20.40 20.10 23.30 22.20 22.10 21.40 Cu 0.20 <0.20 0.20 <0.20 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.20 <0.20 <0.20 Pb 45.70 49.20 45.70 44.90 43.20 49.90 48.30 45.70 47.20 50.60 Zn 29.00 44.00 29.00 41.00 33.00 22.00 31.00 45.00 46.00 34.00 Ti 1090 1430 1020 1350 1310 820 1270 1490 1250 1320 La 41.90 51.30 36.50 46.90 49.80 24.60 45.60 57.50 46.60 52.50 Ce 84.00 103.50 73.00 93.90 98.70 48.70 90.50 116.00 93.00 105.00 Pr 8.77 10.65 7.63 9.87 10.20 5.14 9.46 12.10 9.73 10.88 Nd 30.10 36.30 26.00 33.80 34.60 16.90 32.40 40.80 33.00 37.00 Sm 5.51 6.85 4.75 5.72 6.39 3.11 5.92 7.38 6.09 6.61 Eu 0.65 0.66 0.61 0.54 0.62 0.52 0.65 0.68 0.65 0.64 Gd 4.09 5.35 3.58 4.09 4.49 2.21 4.44 5.36 4.51 4.60 Tb 0.59 0.71 0.47 0.57 0.57 0.30 0.57 0.69 0.58 0.62 Dy 2.67 3.65 2.32 2.71 2.87 1.30 3.05 3.45 2.76 3.15 Ho 0.44 0.61 0.37 0.45 0.49 0.24 0.52 0.59 0.49 0.51 Er 1.04 1.41 0.90 0.95 1.09 0.55 1.18 1.35 1.15 1.18 Tm 0.13 0.16 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.16 Yb 0.71 0.81 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.42 0.84 1.01 1.04 0.95 Lu 0.09 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.14 Y 11.50 17.40 10.50 11.80 13.40 6.50 14.80 15.90 13.20 13.90 K 4.36 4.54 4.64 4.36 4.34 4.83 5.01 4.34 4.86 4.23 P 420.00 810.00 490.00 590.00 580.00 420.00 710.00 580.00 670.00 620.00 ΣREE 180.69 222.07 156.98 200.38 210.74 104.12 195.39 247.22 199.92 223.94 LREE 170.93 209.26 148.49 190.73 200.31 98.97 184.53 234.46 189.07 212.63 HREE 9.76 12.81 8.49 9.65 10.43 5.15 10.86 12.76 10.85 11.31 LREE/HREE 17.51 16.34 17.49 19.76 19.21 19.22 16.99 18.37 17.43 18.80 LaN/YbN 42.33 45.43 40.91 50.21 51.03 42.01 38.94 40.84 32.14 39.64 δEu 0.42 0.33 0.45 0.34 0.35 0.61 0.39 0.33 0.38 0.35 CaO/Na2O 0.33 0.43 0.32 0.33 0.55 0.30 0.31 0.38 0.33 0.36 Nb/Ta 8.30 11.30 7.90 14.40 10.40 7.20 9.10 10.30 6.90 11.30 Zr/Hf 29.46 31.07 31.11 30.93 34.42 30.00 29.17 30.54 31.28 32.45 Rb/Sr 3.38 3.28 3.60 3.41 3.17 3.72 3.94 3.30 3.48 2.97 刚玉 2.50 2.27 2.64 2.88 1.25 2.3 3.16 2.39 2.52 2.49 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 4 中拉萨地体中西段晚侏罗世代表性花岗岩体基本特征
Table 4 General features of Late Jurassic granites in the west-middle segment of Central Lhasa Terrane
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