Mapping test of lithological association-lithofacies in continental volcanic rock field:A case study of western Taipusi caldera, in Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
中国陆相火山岩区的填图方法半个多世纪以来几经反复，为了与传统的沉积岩区填图方法相区别，反映火山作用的特点，先后探索过双重填图法（即岩相-地层学填图方法）、火山构造-岩性岩相-火山地层填图法等，在局部地区取得过重要进展和成果。但在全国层面的实际填图工作中，没有摆脱将火山岩作为地层（组）的习惯性做法。探索和总结适合陆相火山岩区的填图方法体系，坚持推广反映火山作用特点的填图技术方法仍然是区调工作面临的重大问题。火山岩相是重溯火山作用过程、恢复古火山机构的基础，理应成为火山岩地质图所要表达的核心要素，而岩性组合是确定岩相类型最直接和最可靠的依据。利用岩性组合-岩相进行火山岩区填图能够很好地反映陆相火山作用的特点。
Abstract:The mapping method for continental volcanic rock field with the purpose of reflecting the volcanic characteristics is different from the traditional method suitable for sedimentary area, and this problem has been groped for over half a century in China. The "diplex mapping method"(lithofacies+stratigraphy) and the "volcanic construction-lithologic rock facies-volcanic sequence" have been explored, with important progress and achievement obtained in local area. Nevertheless, the fact that volcanic rock was mapped as stratum (formation) did not get out of habitual practice in actual mapping at the national level. It is still a significant task to explore and summarize mapping method suitable for continental volcanic rocks. Volcanic facies is a foundation for restoration of the processes of volcanism and ancient volcanic apparatus, and should be shown as key elements in volcanic geological maps, whereas lithological association is a most reliable basis for assigning types of lithofacies. The continental volcanic characteristics can be well reflected on the basis of lithological association-lithofacies mapping.
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Keywords:
- lithological association /
- lithofacies /
- volcanic mapping /
- caldera /
- Taipusiqi
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致谢: 中国地质科学院地质研究所王涛研究员在成文和图面表达方面提出了很好的建议，在此深表感谢。
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图版Ⅰ
a.玄武安山岩不整合覆盖于华力西期弱变质花岗岩上；b、c.碎斑熔岩的柱状节理；d~f.黑曜岩质角砾岩、黑曜质凝灰岩；g.玄武岩中的杏仁状构造；h.流纹岩中的球粒结构；i.熔结凝灰岩中的熔结条带；j、k.碎斑熔岩中的珠边结构；l.安山玢岩中的交织结构；m.流纹斑岩中的流纹构造；n.霏细斑岩的显微结构；o.花岗斑岩的显微结构
图版Ⅰ.
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