Abstract: The author proposes a new concept of geological ecological mapping for determining the natural state of geological environment,ascertaining various factors of endangering ecological environment,predicting the change of future geological environment,constructing the optimal living environment of mankind and evaluating the environmental effectiveness.Besides completing conventional fundamental geological investigation,the task of geological ecological mapping also includes the evaluation of ecological environment.It is necessary to use the current high precision,digitized and deep level observation means for ensuring mapping quality.China may be divided into four mapping categories of mapping areas,i.e:economic,geological environment constructed,fundamental geological survey and sea.Taking for example the geological ecological mapping of the Yangtze River valley economic zone,the target and task of mapping are presented.