Abstract: In recent years, large numbers of thrusts and nappes have not only been discovered successively in many areas of the classic geosyucliual fold belts, but, more important, overthrusts and nappes related to horizontal movement have also been found in some of the most stable platforms in the world. These discoveries have given impetus to the improvement of the methods for studying these structures. This paper presents an introduction to the new directions in the study of overthrusts and nappes such as the branch line, tip line, horse and mapping, and discusses the basic characteristics of normal slip shear zone or low-angle ductile normal faults formed under the condition of extension.