Abstract: There are no Mesozoic ophiolites in the North China block; therefore it is impossible to explain problems about its crust and tectonic evolution from the view-point of plate tectonics. According to the tectonic framework of the basins and ranges in the North China block and through an analysis of the stress field, the authors consider that the crustal expansion （extension） of the basins and the contraction （compression） of the mountains on their peripheries within the North China block were conjugate （syngenetic）. Their interaction and mutual transformation are the main controlling factors for the crustal movements. For example, the Helan, Liupan and Zhuozi mountains in the western part of the block adjoin the Yinchuan graben; the Taihang and Luliang mountains in its eastern part are adjacent to the Jinzhong graben basin; the Qinling and Daba mountains on its southern margin is contiguous to the Weihe River graben. From the uplift rate of the mountains, earthquake zonation, magmatism, difference in geothermal flows, metamorphism and deformation of the rocks and fluctuation of the upper mantle, this paper discusses the features of crustal evolution of the North China block since the Mesozoic and their genetic relations.