Abstract: The Loess Plateau has abundant resources, but its ecological environment is weak. There geological hazards occur repeatedly, doing serious harm to the region. The key area for controlling the Yellow River is the middle reaches, while the key point of the middle reaches is the amelioration of the geoecological environment. The authors relatively systematically deal with the physical geography, land resoruces, regional geological structure, neotectonic movement, geophysical field and deep structure of the study area, as well as the uplift mechanism of the Loess Plateau, geological hazards and ecological environment, and propose the content of a comprehensive geoecological investigation, including bedrocks, Quaternary geology, mineral resources and landscape tourism resources.