• 中文核心期刊
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国科学引文数据库核心期刊

辽宁西部早白垩世九佛堂组热河鸟类一新属种

王军有, 王旭日, 郭斌, 康艾, 马飞敏, 鞠书彬

王军有, 王旭日, 郭斌, 康艾, 马飞敏, 鞠书彬. 2021: 辽宁西部早白垩世九佛堂组热河鸟类一新属种. 地质通报, 40(9): 1419-1427. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-40-9-1419
引用本文: 王军有, 王旭日, 郭斌, 康艾, 马飞敏, 鞠书彬. 2021: 辽宁西部早白垩世九佛堂组热河鸟类一新属种. 地质通报, 40(9): 1419-1427. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-40-9-1419
WANG Junyou, WANG Xuri, GUO Bin, KANG Ai, MA Feimin, JU Shubin. 2021: A new jeholornithiform identified from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. Geological Bulletin of China, 40(9): 1419-1427. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-40-9-1419
Citation: WANG Junyou, WANG Xuri, GUO Bin, KANG Ai, MA Feimin, JU Shubin. 2021: A new jeholornithiform identified from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning. Geological Bulletin of China, 40(9): 1419-1427. DOI: 10.12097/gbc.dztb-40-9-1419

辽宁西部早白垩世九佛堂组热河鸟类一新属种

基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目《中国东北大兴安岭地区热河生物群鸟类化石新发现及其古地理意义》 41872018

国家自然科学基金项目《江西赣州地区恐龙动物群研究》 41672019

中国地质调查项目《全国重要古生物化石调查与保护监测示范》 DD20190602

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王军有(1975-), 男, 硕士, 高级工程师, 从事地层古生物学研究。E-mail: 531374326@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    王旭日(1979-), 男, 博士, 副研究员, 从事地层古生物学研究。E-mail: 147966459@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P534.53;Q915.2

A new jeholornithiform identified from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in western Liaoning

  • 摘要:

    辽宁朝阳早白垩世九佛堂组发现了一种新型热河鸟类化石。该化石不仅具有热河鸟类的典型特征,如尾椎由约28枚未愈合的椎体组成,中后部尾椎前后方向明显拉长;前颌骨无牙齿;齿骨后缘较直,靠近吻端腹侧明显膨大等,同时具有不同于其他已知热河鸟类的独具特征组合,如肱骨三角肌脊相对不发育;第三掌骨较直,与第二掌骨间距较小;后肢第一趾爪最大;尾椎脉弧、关节突不发育等。根据该化石的独特性及与其他热河鸟类特征对比研究,笔者建立了热河鸟类新属、新种:直掌内蒙鸟(Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.)。直掌内蒙鸟(新属、新种)的发现进一步丰富了热河鸟类的属种类群,为研究这一类群的形态特征和属种分异等提供了新的化石证据。

    Abstract:

    A new specimen of jeholornithiform was identified from the Early Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Chaoyang of Liaoning Province.This specimen shows typical characters of Jeholornithiformes, such as the long bony tail composed of about 28 free caudal vertebrae, the middle and posterior caudal vertebrae elongated antero-posteriorly, the edentulous premaxilla, and the dentary with a straight ventral margin posteriorly and a robust anterior end expanded ventrally.It differs from all other jeholornithiforms in the following unique combination of features: the relatively undeveloped deltopectoral crest of the humerus, the straight third metacarpal, which forming a small gap with the second metacarpal, the largest hallux ungula, and the undeveloped chevrons and zygapophyses of the caudal vertebrae.On the basis of unique characteristics and comparisons with other jeholornithiforms, a new genus and species(Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.) were erected.The identification of Neimengornis rectusmim further enriches the diversity of jeholornithiforms and sheds new light on understanding the morphology and classification of this clade.

  • 关于国际地层年表中的侏罗系/白垩系界线年龄,在21世纪80年代初国际地学界分别提出了144Ma和130Ma两种方案。英国剑桥大学Harland等[1]提出了侏系系/白垩系界线年龄为144Ma,是用“年龄平摊法”算出的;法国居里大学Kennedy等[2]根据各国海相地层中海绿石年龄的测定结果提出侏罗系/白垩系界线年龄为130Ma [3](包括世界各国20个实验室、136位专家提供的研究成果)。

    对上述2种方案,144Ma(现在国际地层年表修改为145Ma)方案被认为不可取[4]。王思恩等[3]评述中国陆相生物地层的侏罗系/白垩系界线在河北滦平盆地;王思恩等[5]确认130.7Ma为中国陆相地层侏罗系/白垩系的界线年龄。本文依据全国地层委员会组织的滦平盆地中生代地层野外考察时采集的凝灰岩样品,对大北沟组顶部凝灰岩(斑脱岩)锆石实测年龄数据表明:侏罗系/白垩系界线的年龄应在129.9±1.1Ma,该数据与Odin为首的各国专家提出的130Ma方案一致,考虑了法国、英国、前苏联、瑞典、美国的侏罗系/白垩系界线附近地层中多国的海绿石测年数据,建议采用法国侏罗系/白垩系界线为标准[2]

    “国际地层表说明” [6]明确指出,“侏罗系—白垩系界线无疑是所有系(纪)中最成问题的界线之一”。究其原因,无论海相或陆相均未找到沉积连续和化石丰富的界线地层剖面,更未建立层型,使研究者讨论问题缺乏统一的标准。中国陆相侏罗纪—白垩纪地层发育得天独厚,自Grabau于1923年提出“热河生物群”开始,两系界线划分一直存在激烈争论,争论焦点是热河生物群的发展演化和层位归属[7-8]

    中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系相当发育,分布广泛。在中国东部地区主要分布于各种断陷盆地和山间小盆地中。中国侏罗纪和白垩纪的陆相地层中赋存丰富的煤、石油、天然气资源;火山岩地层中含有多种金属矿产,因此,对侏罗纪—白垩纪地层的研究有重要的意义。通过建立“陆相层型”工作[9-22],于冀北滦平盆地火斗山乡张家沟找到了大北沟组-大店子组-西瓜园组沉积连续剖面,该剖面出露完整、化石丰富、无后期构造干扰;该剖面属单一断陷湖盆沉积,以半深湖-深湖相夹扇三角洲相为特征,夹多层火山岩。剖面上发育丰富的多门类化石,富含三尾拟蜉蝣、介形虫、叶肢介、腹足类、双壳类、两栖类龟鳖类、节肢动物虾类、脊椎动物狼鳍鱼、鲟等。特别是张家沟下营榆树下剖面,大北沟组顶部—大店子组底部界线为典型的陆相地层剖面,属单一浅湖相泥岩夹砂岩沉积。经过多学科的综合研究,建立陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线层型,确定界线点位以介形虫Cypridea stenolonga的始现为标志。

    目前侏罗系/白垩系界线附近的生物地层学研究,对地层的划分和对比仍存在不同的意见,例如,以冀北—辽西地区为例,侏罗系/白垩系界线划在义县组底,还是划在义县组之中?这是依然需要研究与讨论的问题。

    陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线过渡地层在冀北滦平盆地分别称大北沟组和大店子组,发育于该地区南部,(从东到西)沿西沟—大北沟—大店子—张家沟—兴隆沟—柏砬沟一线呈带状出露(图 1)。大北沟组剖面位于榆树下村的西侧,起点坐标:北纬40o49' 20″、东经117o12'99″;终点坐标:北纬40o 49' 144″、东经117o 12' 50″,总厚226.95m。出露完好且化石丰富。笔者对冀北滦平盆地侏罗系/白垩系界线附近大北沟组顶部的凝灰岩进行了采样(图版Ⅰ)。

    图  1  冀北滦平县榆树下侏罗系与白垩系界线剖面[23]
    Figure  1.  The section of the boundary between Jurassic and Cretaceous in Yushuxia, Luanping County, Hebei Province
      图版Ⅰ 
    a.滦平县榆树下大北沟组剖面;b.滦平县榆树下土城子组砾岩;c、d.大北沟组采样点;e、f.大北沟组凝灰岩薄片;g、h.大北沟组凝灰岩锆石特征
      图版Ⅰ. 

    下白垩统义县阶(下部)大店子组一段(K1d1)黄褐色厚层细砾岩和含砾粗砂岩

    —————————整合—————————

    上侏罗统大北沟阶大北沟组三段(J3d3)

    27.黄绿色粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩,夹大量小泥灰岩透镜体。含介形类Eoparacypris surriensis, E.jingshangensis, Torinina obesa, Darwinula leguminellaD.xiayingensis;叶肢介Nestoria pissovi                                                                          10.96m

    26.灰绿色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩,夹灰色薄层泥灰岩和黑色页岩。由下至上发育4个韵律,每一韵律下部为均一的泥岩,上部夹泥灰岩和黑色页岩。含丰富的介形类Luanpingella postacuta, L. dorsincurva, Torinina obesa, Eoparacypris surriensis, E. jingshangensis, E. aff. macroselina, Pseudoparacypridopsis luanpingensis, P. muntfieldensis, P. dorsalta, Limnocypridea subplana, Rhinocypris dadianziensis, R. subechinata, Djungarica sp. 1, Djungarica sp. 2, Darwinula xiayingensi, D. leguminella, D. dadianziensis等;叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, N. xishunjingensis, N. krasinetzi, Pseudograpta zhangjiagouensis, P.dadianziensis, Nestoria sp., Yanshania xishunjingensis, Y. subovata, N. latiovata, P. huodoushanensis;双壳类Arguniella lingyuanensis, A. yanshanensis                                                                                                                        18.27m

    25.厚层土黄色钙质泥岩为底,上覆灰绿色钙质粉砂岩和深灰色钙质泥岩,夹灰黑色钙质泥页岩和薄板状粉砂岩、泥灰岩。含丰富的介形类Luanpingella postacuta, L. dorsicurva, Eoparacypris jingshangensis, E. surriensis, Pseudoparacypridopsis luanpingensis, P. muntfieldensis, Rhinocypris dadianzienis, R. subechinata, Darwinula leguminella, D. dadianziensis, D. xiayingensis等;叶肢介Nestoria xishunjingensis, Keratestheria gigantea, K. longipoda, Pseudograpta zhangjiagouensis, P. dabeigouensis             21.23m

    24.灰绿色粉砂质泥岩和钙质粉-细砂岩,夹深灰色钙质页岩、硅质泥岩和薄层泥灰岩。向上粉砂岩增多。含丰富的介形类Luanpingella postacuta, L. dorsicurva, Eoparacypris jingshangensis, E. surriensis, Pseudoparacypridopsis luanpingensis, P. muntfieldensis, Rhinocypris dadianzienis, R. subechinata, Darwinula leguminella, D. dadianziensis, D. xiayingensis, Djungarica sp. 2等;叶肢介Nestoria xishunjingensis, Keratestheria gigantea, K. ovata                                                                             38.20m

    23.灰黄色、灰绿色中-厚层中-粗粒凝灰质砂岩,层理发育欠佳                                                                             7.94m

    22.灰紫色凝灰角砾岩。角砾粒径小,岩层内分布不均,具有流动构造,横向呈透镜状                                                        1.77m

    ————————整合—————————

    上侏罗统大北沟阶大北沟组二段(J3d2)

    21.黄褐色中薄层钙质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩                                                                                                5.43m

    20.黄褐色泥岩夹薄中层粉砂岩。产昆虫Ephemeropsis trisetailis;叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, N. xishunjingensisYanshania xishunjingensis, N. cf. krasinetzi, Pseudograpta cf. dadianziensis                                                          20.18m

    19.灰色中-薄层钙质泥岩,夹黑色页岩和灰黄色粉砂岩。含叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, N. xishunjingensis                                                                                                                      1.39m

    18.黄褐色粉砂岩,夹灰色薄层钙质泥岩。含叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, N. xishunjingensis, N. krasinetzi, N. karaica, N. Rotalaria 11.88m

    17.黄褐色粉砂岩,夹灰色薄层泥灰岩                                                                                                   5.28m

    16.灰褐色硅质页岩和钙质页岩。含叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, N.karaica, N. xishunjingensis, N. rotalaria, N. mirififormis, N. oblongaJibeilimnadia ovata, Yanshania cf. xishunjingensis, Pseudograpta cf. zhangjiagouensis                                                                                                                     1.92m

    15.黄褐色中-厚层中-粗粒长石石英砂岩、块状粉砂岩                                                                                                                                      0.96m

    14.深灰色钙质泥岩和土黄褐色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩,夹褐黑色钙质页岩和硅质页岩。含叶肢介Jibeilimnadia ovata, J. curtiovata, J. latiovata, J. elliptica, Nestoria pissoviN. karaica, N. krasinetziN. xishunjingensisYanshania zhangjiagouensis               5.28m

    13.灰黄色中-薄层粉砂岩,夹褐黑色钙质页岩和薄层泥灰岩。含叶肢介Nestoria pissovi, Nestoria sp.及大量植物碎片                      7.25m

    12.褐黑色薄片状硅质泥页岩、褐黄色钙质页岩和灰绿色泥岩,夹粉砂质泥岩,泥灰岩透镜体和薄层凝灰质中粗砂岩。含叶肢介Nestoria xishunjingensis, N. pissovi, N. luanpingensis, N. karaica, N. krasinetzi, Yanshania xishunjingensis, Y. subovata, Y. zhangjiagouensis     7.25m

    11.黄褐色薄-中层粗粉砂岩,夹透镜状细砂岩和硅质泥岩                                                                                                                                           3.02m

    10.灰褐色薄-中层硅质泥岩,夹灰绿色薄层粉砂泥岩。含叶肢介N. pissovi, Yanshania xishunjingensis                                     6.04m

    9.浅灰黄色中-薄层状粗粉砂岩和细砂岩。形成下细上粗的5个旋回                                                                                4.23m

    8.灰褐色薄层状硅质泥岩、硅质页岩,顶部为浅灰色中层凝灰质细砂岩                                                                           2.42m

    7.灰褐色中-厚层状硅质泥岩和黄绿色粉砂质泥岩互层。含叶肢介Yanshania xishunjingensis, Y. subovata, Nestoria cf. reticulata, N. pissovi, N. xishunjingensis, Jibeilimnadia ovata                                                                                                4.23m

    —————————整合————————

    上侏罗统大北沟阶大北沟组一段(J3d1)

    6.灰绿色中-厚层凝灰质砂岩、含砾砂岩与粉砂岩、泥岩互层                                                                                     12.90m

    5.灰绿色厚层含砾粗砂岩与粗砾岩,砾石分布不均,局部透镜状,岩层横向变化较大                                                                                                                                            2.20m

    4.灰绿色中-厚层凝灰质中细粒砂岩、含砾粗夹凝灰质粉砂岩、泥岩,发育斜层理层                                                                                                                                            6.20m

    3.灰绿色砂屑沉凝灰岩,层理发育                                                                                                             3.50m

    2.褐灰色中薄层凝灰质中细粒砂岩、含砾粗夹凝灰质粉砂岩、泥岩互层                                                                                                                                            8.80m

    1.灰绿色、褐灰色中薄层夹厚层凝灰质含砾砂岩、夹薄层沉凝灰岩                                                                                1.50m

    ——————火山喷发不整合——————

    下伏地层:上侏罗统待建阶张家口组灰绿色凝灰岩

    锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定在北京离子探针中心的SHRIMP-Ⅱ上进行,参照分析流程[24]。原始数据的处理[24-25]和锆石U-Pb谐和图的绘制采用Ludwig博士编写的Squid和Isoplot程序[26]。所扣除普通铅的组成根据Stacey等给出的模式计算得出[27](表 1),同位素比值和年龄的误差为1σ相对误差,206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为95%的置信度误差。

    表  1  滦平盆地侏罗纪—白垩纪斑脱岩样品(2PDBG-2-1) SHRIMP锆石U-Th-Pb测定结果
    Table  1.  SHRIMP U-Th-Pb results for zircons bentonate(2PDBG-2-1) from the Luanping Basin, Hebei Province
    测点 206Pbc/% U/10-6 Th/10-6 232Th/
    238U
    206Pb*/10-6 206Pb/238U
    年龄/Ma
    207Pb*/235U 206Pb*/238U 误差相关系数
    比值 ±1 比值 ±1σ
    2PDBG-2-1-1.1 0.64 825 446 0.56 14.4 129.0±2.2 0.1136 7.6 0.02022 1.7 0.229
    2PDBG-2-1-2.1 0.57 435 189 0.45 7.77 131.8±2.4 0.128 8.4 0.02066 1.8 0.215
    2PDBG-2-1-3.1 0.21 509 221 0.45 8.93 130.0±2.3 0.1299 7.1 0.02038 1.8 0.248
    2PDBG-2-1-4.1 0.00 545 327 0.62 9.49 130.6±2.4 0.151 9.4 0.02047 1.8 0.195
    2PDBG-2-1-5.1 1.24 595 366 0.64 10.5 129.6±2.2 0.0967 9.6 0.02031 1.8 0.183
    2PDBG-2-1-6.1 0.22 676 395 0.60 12.1 132.6±2.2 0.1311 3.9 0.02079 1.7 0.433
    2PDBG-2-1-7.1 3.45 432 184 0.44 7.52 125.0±2.7 0.054 51 0.01958 2.2 0.043
    2PDBG-2-1-8.1 0.00 836 556 0.69 14.9 132.4±2.2 0.1407 3.4 0.02075 1.7 0.482
    2PDBG-2-1-9.1 0.62 644 337 0.54 11.2 128.3±2.2 0.1128 8.7 0.02010 1.8 0.201
    2PDBG-2-1-10.1 9.71 848 696 0.85 16.3 128.8±3.9 0.074 76 0.02019 3.1 0.041
    2PDBG-2-1-11.1 0.51 789 540 0.71 13.6 127.0±2.1 0.1195 4.4 0.01990 1.7 0.385
    2PDBG-2-1-12.1 0.00 381 192 0.52 6.74 134.9±3.0 0.204 13 0.02115 2.2 0.175
    2PDBG-2-1-13.1 0.00 521 286 0.57 9.11 130.8±2.3 0.145 8.3 0.02049 1.8 0.217
    2PDBG-2-1-14.1 0.41 611 233 0.39 10.9 132.1±2.4 0.1325 4.3 0.02070 1.8 0.424
    2PDBG-2-1-15.1 1.66 744 437 0.61 12.8 126.2±2.2 0.091 15 0.01977 1.8 0.122
    2PDBG-2-1-16.1 0.00 745 430 0.60 13.1 131.1±2.2 0.1444 3.4 0.02054 1.7 0.490
    2PDBG-2-1-17.1 0.00 443 225 0.53 7.63 128.0±2.2 0.1448 4.7 0.02005 1.8 0.379
    2PDBG-2-1-18.1 0.00 940 767 0.84 16.3 129.2±2.1 0.1375 3.2 0.02024 1.6 0.510
    下载: 导出CSV 
    | 显示表格

    样品中的锆石晶体呈无色透明-浅黄色自形,粒度多在150~200μm之间,长宽比为2~3。阴极发光图像(CL)显示,锆石具典型的岩浆生长环带,古锆石属于岩浆结晶的产物(图版Ⅰ-gh)。根据可见光图像和CL图像选择合适的位置进行测定,即根据可见光图像剔出裂隙发育和含包裹体较多的颗粒,选取无裂缝、无包裹体的区域;同时根据CL图像,避免测定位置跨越不同世代的混合区域。

    凝灰岩样品(2PDBG-2-1)共测试18颗锆石;其中U含量为381×10-6~848×10-6;个别可达940×10-6;Th含量为184×10-6~696×10-6;个别可达767×10-6;Th/U值为0.21~3.45,个别可到9.71(表 1)。样品2PDBG-2-1测试了18个数据点,15个数据点位于谐和线上(图 2),排除受后期普通铅影响的3个数据点(7.1、10.1、15.1)的年龄值。15个数据点的206Pb/238U年龄为129.9±1.1 Ma,MSWD=0.79,该年龄代表了大北沟组顶部凝灰岩的形成时代。

    图  2  侏罗系与白垩系界线(2PDBG-2-1)锆石U-Pb谐和图
    Figure  2.  Zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of Jurassic and Cretaceous strata

    (1) 依据生物地层的研究,将中国陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线划在大北沟组与大店子组之间,由此结合前人资料推测,国际海相侏罗系/白垩系界线的年龄应接近130.7Ma。

    (2) 参考前人资料土城子组(后城组)下部年龄为142.6 ± 1.9Ma,中部为139.6 ± 1.5Ma,上部为136.4±1.9~137.3±1.1Ma;张家口组底部锆石年龄为133.7±1.1Ma,张家口组顶部锆石年龄为130.8± 0.7Ma;本文获得大北沟组顶部精确锆石年龄129.9±1.1M,建议将大北沟组顶部凝灰岩(斑脱岩)锆石年龄129.9±1.1Ma视为中国陆相侏罗系/白垩系界线年龄。

    (3) 冀北滦平盆地侏罗系—白垩系同位素年龄测定表明,侏罗系/白垩系界线年龄值可能接近130Ma,而非145Ma。

  • 图  1   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本(A)及线条图(B)

    ca(caudal vertebrae)—尾椎; ce(cervical vertebrae)—颈椎;d(dentary)—齿骨;fr(frontal)—额骨;fu(furcular)—叉骨;hy(hyoid)—舌骨; lfe(left femur)—左侧股骨;lfi(left fibula)—左侧腓骨;lhu(left humerus)—左侧肱骨;lil(left ilium)—左侧肠骨;lmt(left metatarsals)—左侧跖骨;lra(left radius)—左侧桡骨;lsc(left scapula)—左侧肩胛骨;lti(left tibia)—左侧胫骨;lul(left ulna)—左侧尺骨;ma(maxilla)—上颌骨;md(manual digits)—手指;n(nasal)—鼻骨;pa(parietal)—顶骨;pd(pedal digits)—脚趾; pr(premaxilla)—前颌骨;pu(pubis)—耻骨;qu(quadrate)—方骨;rfe(right femur)—右侧股骨;rfi(right fibula)—右侧腓骨;rhu(right humerus)—右侧肱骨;ril(right ilium)—右侧肠骨;ris(right ischium)—右侧坐骨;rmt(right metatarsals)—右侧跖骨;rra(right radius)—右侧桡骨;rsc(right scapula)—右侧肩胛骨;rti(right tibia)—右侧胫骨;rul(right ulna)—右侧尺骨;syn(synsacrum)—联合荐椎

    Figure  1.   Photograph(A)and line drawing(B)of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    图  2   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本头骨(A)及线条图(B)

    dentary—齿骨;fr(frontal)—额骨;hy(hyoid)—舌骨;maxilla上颌骨;nasal—鼻骨;pa(parietal)—顶骨;prm(premaxilla)—前颌骨;qu(quadrate)—方骨

    Figure  2.   Photograph (A) and line drawing (B) of the skull of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    图  3   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本尾椎

    d1~28为第1~28节尾椎椎体

    Figure  3.   Photograph of the tail of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    图  4   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本右前肢

    dp(deltopectoral crest)—肱骨三角肌脊;humerus—肱骨;m Ⅰ-Ⅲ—Ⅰ-Ⅲ掌骨;radiale—桡腕骨;radius—桡骨;sem(semilunate)—半月形腕骨;ulna—尺骨;ulnare—尺腕骨; Ⅰ-1-2—第一指第1~2指节;Ⅱ-1-3—第二指第1~3指节;Ⅲ-1-4—第三指第1~4指节

    Figure  4.   Photograph of the right forelimb of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    图  5   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本腰带

    ip(ischiac pedicel)—坐骨柄;ischium—坐骨; left ilium—左侧肠骨; pp(pubic pedicel)—耻骨柄; pra(pre-acetabular)—前肠骨突; psa(post-acetabular)—后肠骨突; pubis—耻骨;pubic symphysis—耻骨联合;right ilium—右侧肠骨

    Figure  5.   Photograph of the pelvis of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    图  6   直掌内蒙鸟模式标本左后肢

    femur—股骨; fibular—腓骨;mt(metatarsal)Ⅰ-Ⅴ—第1~5跖骨;tibia—胫骨; Ⅰ-1-2—第一趾骨1~2趾节;Ⅱ-1-3—第二趾骨1~3趾节;Ⅲ-1-4—第三趾骨1~4趾节; Ⅳ-1-5—第四趾骨1~5趾节

    Figure  6.   Photograph of the left hindlimb of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    表  1   直掌内蒙鸟(Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.)模式标本主要骨骼测量数值

    Table  1   Measurements of main bones of the holotype of Neimengornis rectusmim gen.et sp.nov.

    骨骼名称 测量值/mm 骨骼名称 测量值/mm
    头骨长 67 胫骨长(r) 90
    头骨高 31 腓骨长(l) 77.4
    肩胛骨长(r) 55.8 跗跖骨长(r) 43.6
    叉骨支长 19.4 第一跖骨长(r) 5.6*
    肱骨长(r) 89 第二跖骨长(r) 42.5
    尺骨长(r) 88 第三跖骨长(r) 43.6
    桡骨长(r) 85 第四跖骨长(r) 41.7
    掌骨联合长(r) 38.6 第五跖骨长(r) 7*
    第一掌骨长(r) 7.4 第一跖第一趾节长(r) 13.2
    第二掌骨长(r) 38.6 第一趾爪长(r) 19.6
    第三掌骨长(r) 34 第二跖第一趾节长(r) 10.5
    第一指第一指节长(r) 27.7 第二跖第二趾节长(r) 12.1
    第一指爪长(r) 17.9 第二趾爪长(r) 14.8
    第二指第一指节长(r) 17.9 第三跖第一趾节长(r) 12.2
    第二指第二指节长(r) 22.8 第三跖第二趾节长(r) 11.3
    第二指爪长(r) 10.9 第三跖第三趾节长(r) 11.7
    第三指第一指节长(r) 20 第三趾爪长(r) 13.2
    第三指第二指节长(r) 4.5 第四跖第一趾节长(r) 9.4
    第三指第三指节长(r) 25 第四跖第二趾节长(r) 7
    第三指爪长(r) 15.8 第四跖第三趾节长(r) 8.2
    肠骨长(r) 53.5 第四跖第四趾节长(r) 9
    耻骨长(r) 77.3 第四趾爪长(r) 14.8
    耻骨联合长 21.5 前后肢长度比(r) 1.09
    股骨长(r) 74
      注:*表示该骨骼保存长度,r代表右侧骨骼,l代表左侧骨骼
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-04-23
  • 修回日期:  2020-08-18
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-08-15
  • 刊出日期:  2021-09-14

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