Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Middle Silurian A-type granite in Kaerqueka area, East Kunlun
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摘要:
东昆仑造山带西部卡尔却卡地区出露大量似斑状二长花岗岩，对其展开岩相特征、锆石U-Pb年龄和岩石地球化学研究，结果显示，似斑状二长花岗岩年龄为425±2.3 Ma，表明其形成于中志留世。岩石具有高SiO2（69.0%~71.2%）和K2O（4.3%~5.54 %）含量，富集大离子亲石元素（Rb、K、Th和U），亏损高场强元素（Nb、Ta和Ti），强烈的负Eu异常（Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.51）特征。岩石较低的Cr、Ni含量（Cr=13.81×10-6~32.9×10-6，Ni=5.48×106~12.05×10-6）、低的Ce/Pb（2.01~4.19）和Nb/U（4.1~7.57）值，表明该岩体来自上地壳的部分熔融。岩体高10000Ga/Al值（3.22~3.42）、Zr+Nb+Ce+Y元素含量（459×10-6~656×10-6）和锆石饱和温度（827~881℃），表明其为A型花岗岩。构造图解和高的Y/Nb值（2.93~3.15）指示，该岩体为A2型花岗岩，形成于碰撞后伸展背景。结合区域岩浆岩的时空分布，表明东昆仑造山带从中志留世开始进入碰撞后伸展阶段。
Abstract:A lot of porphyritic monzogranites are outcropped in the Kaerqueka area, west of the East Kunlun orogenic belt.Zircon U-Pb age and geochemistry of the porphyritic monzonites were studied.Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 425±2.3 Ma, indicating Middle Silurian.The rocks are characterized by high contents of SiO2(69.0%~71.2%) and K2O(4.3%~5.54%), enrichment of large ion lithophile element(Rb, K, Th and U), depletion of high field strength element(Nb, Ta and Ti), and strong Eu negative anomaly(Eu/Eu*=0.40~0.51).Their lower content of Cr, Ni(Cr=13.81×10-6~32.9×10-6, Ni=5.48×10-6~12.05×10-6) and the lower Ce/Pb (2.01~4.19) and Nb/U(4.1~7.57) values indicate that they were originated from partial melting of the upper crust.The high ratio of 10000Ga/Al (3.22~3.42), high contents of Zr+Nb+Ce+Y(459×10-6~656×10-6) and zircon saturation temperature(827~881℃) imply they belong to A-type granite.Tectonic diagram and high Y/Nb ratio(2.93~3.15) indicate that they are A2 type granites, and were formed in the post-collision extension setting.Combined with the spatial and temporal distribution of magmatic rocks in the region, it is suggested that the East Kunlun Orogen entered the post-collision extension stage from the Middle Silurian period.
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Keywords:
- A-type granite /
- Middle Silurian /
- post-collision extension /
- Kaerqueka area /
- East Kunlun orogen
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致谢: 野外地质工作得到了青海地质矿产勘查三院大力帮助，吉林大学地球科学学院肖国拾、李予晋、霍亮研究员在地球化学测试与岩矿鉴定方面提供了帮助，审稿专家给出了建设性的修改意见，在此一并表示诚挚的感谢。
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图 1 东昆仑造山带大地构造位置图(a)和区域地质简图(b)
Figure 1. The tectonic location(a) and simplified geological map(b) of East Kunlun orogen
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图 3 卡尔却卡地区似斑状二长花岗岩野外露头(a、b)及显微照片(c、d)
Q—石英；Bt—黑云母；Pl—斜长石；Kfs—钾长石
Figure 3. Field outcrop(a, b)and microphotographs(c, d)of porphyritic monzogranite in the Kaerqueka area
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图 4 似斑状二长花岗岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像及206Pb/238U年龄
Figure 4. CL images and ages of the zircons from porphyritic monzogranite
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图 5 似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和图(a)与加权平均年龄图(b)
Figure 5. U-Pb concordia(a)and average age(b)diagrams of the zircons from porhyritic monzogranite
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图 6 似斑状二长花岗岩TAS图解(a)和A/CNK-A/NK图解(b)[29]
Figure 6. TAS(a)and A/CNK-A/NK(b)diagrams of the porphyritic monzogranite
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图 7 似斑状二长花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化图(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)[30]
Figure 7. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns(b)of the porphyritic monzogranite
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图 11 东昆仑原特提斯洋构造演化图解
Figure 11. Tectonic evolution diagram of the Proto-Tethys Ocean in the Eastern Kunlun orogen
表 1 卡尔却卡地区似斑状二长花岗岩锆石U-Th-Pb测年分析结果
Table 1 Zircon U-Th-Pb dating results of the porphyritic monzogranite in Kaerqueka area
样品点 Th/10-6 U/10-6 Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ KEQK-1 644 2185 0.29 0.05346 0.00205 0.50514 0.01851 0.06825 0.00094 350 85 415 12 425.6 5.7 KEQK-2 444 1845 0.24 0.05523 0.00210 0.52174 0.01873 0.06818 0.00076 420 81 426 13 425.2 4.6 KEQK-3 598 1286 0.46 0.05968 0.00296 0.55212 0.02483 0.06782 0.00139 591 107 446 16 423.0 8.4 KEQK-4 324 553 0.58 0.05610 0.00318 0.53019 0.02990 0.06807 0.00110 457 126 432 20 424.5 6.7 KEQK-5 445 1654 0.27 0.05650 0.00215 0.53636 0.02045 0.06823 0.00080 472 85 436 13 424.5 4.8 KEQK-6 652 1834 0.36 0.05649 0.00218 0.53195 0.01948 0.06806 0.00080 472 83 433 14 425.5 4.8 KEQK-7 1189 3249 0.37 0.06934 0.00238 0.65760 0.02360 0.06799 0.00080 909 76 513 14 424.1 4.8 KEQK-8 851 2870 0.30 0.05678 0.00179 0.53991 0.01729 0.06826 0.00073 483 69 438 11 425.7 4.4 KEQK-9 872 2648 0.33 0.05577 0.00196 0.52723 0.01799 0.06827 0.00080 443 80 430 12 425.7 4.8 KEQK-10 570 1254 0.45 0.06093 0.00269 0.57766 0.02628 0.06816 0.00093 635 94 463 17 425.1 5.6 KEQK-11 477 1184 0.40 0.05676 0.00205 0.53761 0.01909 0.06832 0.00077 483 47 437 13 426.0 4.6 KEQK-12 918 2493 0.37 0.06719 0.00260 0.64587 0.03016 0.06795 0.00098 843 80 506 19 423.8 5.9 KEQK-13 1092 3152 0.35 0.05545 0.00174 0.52268 0.01634 0.06794 0.00077 432 66 427 11 423.7 4.6 KEQK-14 541 3258 0.17 0.06240 0.00205 0.59267 0.02036 0.06821 0.00081 687 75 473 13 425.4 4.9 KEQK-15 821 2765 0.30 0.06650 0.00207 0.63209 0.02030 0.06843 0.00081 833 60 497 13 426.7 4.9 KEQK-16 549 1694 0.32 0.06627 0.00226 0.62327 0.02098 0.06805 0.00082 817 71 492 13 424.4 5.0 KEQK-17 1124 2801 0.40 0.06431 0.00209 0.60648 0.01969 0.06812 0.00074 754 69 481 12 424.8 4.4 KEQK-18 656 1248 0.53 0.05982 0.00219 0.55415 0.02052 0.06776 0.00107 598 80 448 13 422.7 6.5 KEQK-19 262 738 0.36 0.05798 0.00897 0.54309 0.08881 0.06758 0.00215 528 343 440 58 421.6 13.0 KEQK-20 313 1057 0.30 0.06212 0.00286 0.58292 0.02830 0.06773 0.00126 680 98 466 18 422.5 7.6 KEQK-21 513 1385 0.37 0.05674 0.00224 0.53783 0.02165 0.06817 0.00082 480 87 437 14 425.1 4.9 
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表 2 卡尔却卡地区似斑状二长花岗岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素数据
Table 2 Major, trace elements and RRE composition of the porphyritic monzogranite in Kaerqueka area
元素 KE-1 KE-2 KE-3 KE-4 KE-5 元素 KE-1 KE-2 KE-3 KE-4 KE-5 SiO2 71.16 68.99 70.26 69.77 69.5 Cd 1.76 2.35 2.15 2.35 1.67 Al2O3 13.37 13.91 14.05 13.9 13.39 Sn 4.22 4.27 4.65 6.55 5.18 Fe2O3 0.93 1.3 1.07 1.11 1.05 Sb 2.63 1.72 1.43 1.41 1.49 FeO 2.08 2.56 2.43 2.28 2.46 Cs 7.23 8.86 5.72 6.04 7.83 CaO 1.94 2.25 1.71 1.8 2 Ba 580.1 498.9 531.7 900.7 612.3 MgO 0.73 0.94 0.88 0.92 0.91 La 70.12 60.25 39.06 68.07 56.59 K2O 5.54 5.24 4.3 4.96 5.37 Ce 116 117.1 85.1 142.9 115.4 Na2O 2.52 2.66 3.16 2.6 2.75 Pr 14.03 12.72 9.31 16.74 13.4 TiO2 0.39 0.6 0.49 0.42 0.52 Nd 44.56 42.55 33.55 59.84 47.77 P2O5 0.11 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 Sm 7.14 7.55 7.14 12.22 9.47 MnO 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.1 Eu 1.15 1.1 1.17 1.57 1.27 烧失量 0.96 0.98 1.06 1.55 1.52 Gd 6.31 6.84 7.2 11.62 8.93 Li 30.11 35.55 28.78 25.5 27.38 Tb 0.88 0.97 1.15 1.77 1.32 Be 3.38 3.66 3.96 3.38 3.84 Dy 4.86 5.41 6.72 9.97 7.38 B 37.43 14.57 14.9 13.83 14.19 Ho 0.96 1.07 1.35 1.98 1.48 Sc 4.69 7.96 7.68 9.49 7.24 Er 2.64 2.98 3.72 5.44 4.06 Ti 2908 4115 3324 4103 3375 Tm 0.37 0.42 0.51 0.75 0.58 V 28.84 45.12 30.18 31.79 26.42 Yb 2.18 2.54 3.04 4.42 3.38 Cr 28.84 32.9 15.54 16.88 13.81 Lu 0.32 0.37 0.44 0.63 0.48 Mn 748 740 733 852 645 Hf 6.72 8.46 7.89 9.28 6.4 Co 6.15 8.02 5.96 4.44 5.83 Ta 0.57 0.67 0.79 1.38 1.07 Ni 7.22 12.05 6.3 5.48 5.53 W 1.09 1.09 1.77 1.56 1.32 Cu 17.2 12.57 8.66 5.92 15.69 Tl 1.31 1.28 1.23 1.53 1.45 Zn 61.43 83.04 77.18 77.66 66.08 Pb 34.79 31.12 42.3 34.13 37.69 Ga 22.76 23.74 24.33 25.2 23.28 Bi 0.26 0.31 0.29 0.2 0.46 Ge 4.2 4.69 3.82 4.19 4.15 Th 32.03 23.46 19.29 26.61 28.37 As 5.31 3.77 8.21 2.86 4.32 U 2.45 2.03 2.26 2.62 3.45 Se 3.06 3.74 3.1 4.8 3.68 10000Ga/Al 3.22 3.22 3.27 3.42 3.28 Rb 260.6 259.7 230 317.9 288.8 Zr+Nb+Ce+Y 458.65 564.61 507.56 655.58 467.12 Sr 154.7 155.5 188.3 159.9 167.7 TZr/℃ 836 860 865 881 827 Y 29.48 34.74 42.16 60.73 46.65 ΣREE 271.51 261.86 199.46 337.92 271.5 Zr 303.1 399.9 366.9 432.1 289.6 (La/Yb)N 21.68 15.97 8.67 10.38 11.27 Nb 10.07 12.87 13.39 19.85 15.47 Eu/Eu* 0.51 0.46 0.49 0.4 0.42 Mo 1.16 1.43 1.64 0.98 1.14 Mg# 34.42 34.58 35.23 37.04 35.92 Ag 0.31 0.37 0.34 0.38 0.35 A/CNK 0.98 0.98 1.08 1.08 0.96 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 3 东昆仑造山带岩浆岩记录
Table 3 Magmatic records in East Kunlun orogen
岩性 年龄/Ma 地球化学特征 采样地区 构造背景 闪长岩 493±6[47] 钙碱性 祁漫塔格 俯冲 闪长岩 480±3[47] 钙碱性 祁漫塔格 闪长岩 474±2[51] 拉班玄武岩 加当 玄武岩 474±8[52] 拉班钙碱玄武岩 纳赤台 花岗岩 454±2[53] 埃达克岩 沟里 花岗岩 452±3[54] 钙碱性 祁漫塔格 花岗闪长岩 441±6[45] 埃达克岩 布青山 花岗闪长岩 439±2[55] 埃达克岩 清水泉 流纹岩 438±3[45] 钙碱玄武岩 布青山 蓝闪石片岩 445[3] 吐木勒克 同碰撞 二长花岗岩 444[49] S型 哈日扎 榴辉岩 438~436[23] 夏日哈木 闪长岩、花岗闪长岩 432±2，432±2，427±3[14] 三铜沟 榴辉岩 450~410[56] 阿确墩 榴辉岩 432±2[17] 浪日木 榴辉岩 428±2[22] 温泉 似斑状二长花岗岩 425±2 A2型 卡尔缺卡 后碰撞伸展 花岗岩 425±2, 424±2, 426±3, 424±2[15] A2型 五龙 花岗岩 422~421[50] A2型 白干湖 花岗岩 421±2[48] 高钾钙碱性 祁漫塔格 花岗岩 420±3[48] 高钾钙碱性 祁漫塔格 二长花岗岩 419±2[20] A2型 五龙沟 花岗闪长岩 404±3[48] 高钾钙碱性 祁漫塔格 正长花岗岩 396±2[21] A2型 拉陵灶火 正长花岗岩 392±2[8] A2型 大干沟 正长花岗岩 391±1[19] A2型 夏日哈木 斑状花岗岩 391±3[57] 高钾钙碱性 祁漫塔格 正长花岗岩 391±3[10] A2型 哈拉郭勒 正长花岗岩 389±4[16] A2型 祁漫塔格山乌兰乌珠尔 花岗岩 381±1[48] 高钾钙碱性 祁漫塔格
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