Discovery of the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanic rocks of Xionglai Formation and constraint on the tectonic evolution of Zhikong-Sumdo Paleo-Tethyan orogen in the Riduo area of Tibet
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摘要:
对拉萨地块东段日多地区新厘定的雄来组火山岩进行了岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年及Lu-Hf同位素研究。研究区雄来组火山岩以中基性熔岩及火山碎屑岩占优势为特征。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年获得安山岩和玄武安山岩的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为201.3±6.0 Ma和184.5±4.4 Ma，表明雄来组火山岩形成于晚三叠世—早侏罗世。其中，基性火山岩SiO2含量为48.53%~49.92%，MgO含量较高，为10.68%~11.43%，Mg#值平均为72.67，高Cr（224.7×10-6~347.8×10-6）和Ni（90.1×10-6~109.7×10-6）含量，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、Sr和轻稀土元素，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti；中性火山岩的SiO2含量为53.93%~60.54%，Al2O3含量为14.74%~16.12%，MgO含量为2.45%~8.12%，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U、K、Ba和轻稀土元素，亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti，锆石εHf（t）值介于-12.25~-3.64之间，二阶段模式年龄（tDMC）为1621~2004 Ma。岩石地球化学特征和构造环境判别图解均指示，雄来组火山岩形成于后碰撞的构造背景，基性火山岩起源于亏损岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，中性火山岩起源于古老下地壳物质的部分熔融，上升过程中受古老地壳混染，代表了直孔-松多古特提斯造山带后碰撞伸展背景作用下的岩浆响应。
Abstract:Zircon U-Pb dating, geochemical and Hf isotope analyses were carried out on the volcanic rocks of Xionglai Formation newly discovered in Riduo area, the eastern part of the Gangdese magmatic belt.The volcanic rocks of Xionglai Formation in Riduo area in the eastern part of Lhasa massif are mainly intermediate basic lava and pyroclastic rock.Zircon U-Pb dating of andesite and basaltic andesite yields weighted mean ages of 201.3 ±6.0 Ma and 184.5 ±4.4 Ma respectively, indicating that the Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks were formed in the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic.Geochemically, the basic volcanic rocks are characterized by low SiO2(48.53%~49.92%), high MgO(10.68%~11.43%), Mg#(72.67), Cr(224.7×10-6~347.8×10-6), and Ni(90.1×10-6~109.7×10-6), enriched in large ion lithophile elements(Rb, Th, U, Sr) and light rare earth elements(LREEs), and depleted in high field strength elements(Nb, Ta, P, Ti).The intermediate volcanic rocks are characterized by high SiO2(53.93%~60.54%), Al2O3(14.74%~16.12%), low MgO(2.45%~8.12%).They are enriched in light rare earth elements(LREEs), large ion lithophile elements(LILEs, e.g., Rb, Th, U and Ba), but depleted in high-field strength elements(e.g., Nb, Ta, P, Ti).Isotope analyses reveal that most samples have low zircon εHf(t) (-12.25~-3.64), and the values of tDMC range from 1621 Ma to 2004 Ma.Combining with regional geology, geochronological, geochemical and zircon Hf isotopic data, it is proposed that the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic volcanic rocks of Xionglai Formation were formed in post-collision tectonic setting as a magmatic response to post-collision and extension of Zhikong-Sumdo Paleo-Tethyan orogen.The basic volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle, while the intermediate volcanic rocks were derived from partial melting of ancient lower crustal material and contaminated by ancient lower crust during ascending.
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Keywords:
- Xionglai Formation /
- petrogenesis /
- post-collision /
- Riduo area /
- Late Triassic-Early Jurassic /
- Tibetan Plateau
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致谢: 感谢成都地质调查中心李光明研究员、张林奎高级工程师、陕西省地矿局区研院韩芳林教授级高工、陕西省地质调查院李新林、边小卫教授级高工、西藏地勘局胡敬仁高级工程师和吉林大学解超明博士对野外工作的帮助和支持，感谢审稿专家对本文给予的指导。
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图 1 拉萨地块南缘日多地区大地构造位置(a)及区域地质简图(b)(据参考文献[12]①③修改)
JSSZ—金沙江缝合带；LSSZ—龙木错—双湖缝合带；BNSZ—班公湖-怒江缝合带；SNMZ—狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF—洛巴堆- 米拉山断裂带；YZSZ—印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带；STDS—藏南拆离系；1—第四系；2—新生代侵入岩；3—中生代侵入岩；4—辉绿玢岩；5—中新世火山岩；6—林子宗群火山岩；7—侏罗纪-白垩纪沉积地层；8—叶巴组火山岩；9—三叠纪-侏罗纪沉积地层；10—雄来组三段；11—雄来组二段；12—雄来组一段；13—二叠纪沉积地层；14—二叠纪洋岛；15—榴辉岩；16—石炭纪-二叠纪松多岩组；17—断层、地层界线；18—测年样位置及年龄；F1—洛巴堆-米拉山断裂带
Figure 1. Tectonic position(a)and geological map(b)of Riduo area on the southern Lhasa terrane
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图 2 日多地区雄来组火山岩地层剖面
1—砾岩；2—玄武岩；3—玄武安山岩；4—安山岩；5—安山质凝灰岩；6—安山质角砾岩；7—断层；8—花岗斑岩脉；9—晚侏罗世二长花岗岩; 10—叶巴组；11—雄来组二段；12—雄来组一段
Figure 2. Profile of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
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图 3 日多地区雄来组火山岩野外露头(a、b)及显微特征(c、d)
a—雄来组玄武岩逆冲推覆于甲拉浦组之上野外露头; b—安山岩露头近景照片；c—玄武岩正交偏光下照片；d—安山岩正交偏光下照片；Cpx—单斜辉石；Pl—斜长石；Am—角闪石
Figure 3. Outcrop(a, b)and micrographs(c, d)of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
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图 4 日多地区雄来组火山岩锆石阴极发光(CL)图像(a)和U-Pb年龄谐和图(b、c)
(实线圆圈标示U-Pb测点，虚线圆圈标示Lu-Hf测点)
Figure 4. Zircon CL images(a)and U-Pb concordia diagrams(b, c)of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in Riduo area
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图 5 日多地区雄来组火山岩TAS(a)和AFM图解
Figure 5. TAS(a)and AFM diagrams(b)of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
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图 6 雄来组火山岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图(a)及原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(b)(标准化数据据参考文献[15])
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and primitive mantle(PM)-normalized multi-element patterns(b)of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks
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图 8 雄来组玄武岩Sm-Sm/Yb(a)和La/Sm-Sm/Yb图解(b，据参考文献[22]修改)
N-MORB—正常型大洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型大洋中脊玄武岩；DDM—亏损的洋中脊玄武岩地幔；PM—原始地幔
Figure 8. Sm-Sm/Yb(a)and La/Sm-Sm/Yb(b)diagrams of Xionglai Formation basalt
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图 9 雄来组火山岩锆石t-εHf(t)图解(a)及tDMC统计直方图(b)
Figure 9. Diagram of εHf(t)-age (a)and histogram of tDMC(b)of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks
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图 10 日多地区雄来组火山岩构造环境判别图解
IAB—岛弧玄武岩；IAT—岛弧拉斑系列；ICA—岛弧钙碱系列；SHO—岛弧橄榄玄粗岩系列；WPB-板内玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；TH—拉斑玄武岩；TR—过渡玄武岩；ALK—碱性玄武岩；Ⅰ—板块发散边缘N-MORB区；Ⅱ—板块汇聚边缘(Ⅱ1—大洋岛弧玄武岩区；Ⅱ2—陆缘岛弧及陆缘火山弧玄武岩区)；Ⅲ—大洋板内洋岛、海山玄武岩区及T-MORB、E-MORB区；Ⅳ—大陆板内(Ⅳ1—陆内裂谷及陆缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩区；Ⅳ2—陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩区；Ⅳ3—大陆拉张带(或初始裂谷)玄武岩区)；Ⅴ—地幔热柱玄武岩区
Figure 10. Tectonic discrimination diagrams of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
表 1 日多地区雄来组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS U-Th-Pb isotopic data of zircons from Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
分析点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄值/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 浅灰绿色安山岩 D2714/2-2 42 382 338 1.13 0.0507 0.0016 0.230 0.007 0.0331 0.0006 233 74 210 6 210 4 D2714/2-4 14 118 119 1.00 0.0500 0.0026 0.229 0.012 0.0336 0.0008 195 116 209 10 213 5 D2714/2-5 16 131 150 0.88 0.0509 0.0026 0.224 0.011 0.0324 0.0007 239 116 205 9 205 5 D2714/2-9 39 391 337 1.16 0.0500 0.0018 0.208 0.009 0.0302 0.0007 195 83 192 7 192 4 D2714/2-14 33 272 380 0.72 0.0498 0.0014 0.209 0.006 0.0305 0.0005 183 69 193 5 194 3 D2714/2-16 30 249 301 0.83 0.0507 0.0022 0.224 0.010 0.0322 0.0006 228 98 205 8 204 4 D2714/2-19 24 234 217 1.08 0.0510 0.0025 0.217 0.012 0.0308 0.0006 243 115 199 10 195 3 D2714/2-21 35 336 300 1.12 0.0518 0.0018 0.228 0.008 0.0321 0.0005 276 81 208 7 203 3 灰绿色玄武安山岩 D2852/4-1 56 537 467 1.15 0.0507 0.0020 0.213 0.007 0.0310 0.0007 233 95 196 6 196 4 D2852/4-3 28 230 351 0.65 0.0507 0.0019 0.210 0.009 0.0298 0.0004 228 92 193 8 189 3 D2852/4-9 39 411 325 1.26 0.0497 0.0018 0.196 0.008 0.0284 0.0004 189 82 182 7 181 3 D2852/4-11 41 190 830 0.23 0.0504 0.0013 0.190 0.006 0.0273 0.0006 213 90 177 5 174 4 D2852/4-12 59 669 359 1.86 0.0495 0.0019 0.202 0.008 0.0297 0.0005 172 91 187 7 188 3 D2852/4-13 20 201 200 1.01 0.0508 0.0018 0.194 0.006 0.0279 0.0007 232 88 180 5 177 4 D2852/4-14 61 660 440 1.50 0.0463 0.0015 0.188 0.007 0.0294 0.0006 13 74 175 6 187 4 D2852/4-15 29 325 237 1.37 0.0482 0.0016 0.180 0.009 0.0269 0.0007 109 77 168 8 171 5 D2852/4-18 43 519 434 1.19 0.0555 0.0028 0.232 0.034 0.0292 0.0028 432 110 212 28 186 17 D2852/4-19 31 283 311 0.91 0.0487 0.0025 0.198 0.011 0.0293 0.0005 200 119 184 9 186 3 D2852/4-24 56 667 348 1.92 0.0511 0.0028 0.206 0.012 0.0293 0.0006 243 128 190 10 186 4 D2852/4-30 33 333 310 1.08 0.0558 0.0025 0.230 0.014 0.0304 0.0018 456 96 210 12 193 11 
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表 2 日多地区雄来组火山岩锆石Hf同位素分析结果
Table 2 Hf isotopic data of zircons from Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
分析点 t/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) 2σ tDM1/Ma tDMC/Ma fLu/Hf 浅灰绿色安山岩 D2714/2-2 210 0.020267 0.000116 0.000898 0.000005 0.282493 0.000017 -9.99 -5.52 0.62 1077 1593 -0.97 D2714/2-4 213 0.026444 0.000371 0.001005 0.000012 0.282441 0.000023 -11.84 -7.31 0.80 1153 1709 -0.97 D2714/2-5 205 0.028014 0.000157 0.001025 0.000008 0.282423 0.000017 -12.49 -8.12 0.60 1179 1754 -0.97 D2714/2-9 192 0.029734 0.000239 0.001063 0.000006 0.282399 0.000023 -13.33 -9.26 0.81 1214 1816 -0.97 D2714/2-14 194 0.032580 0.000282 0.001277 0.000018 0.282528 0.000018 -8.78 -4.70 0.65 1039 1529 -0.96 D2714/2-16 204 0.025603 0.000301 0.000926 0.000012 0.282403 0.000022 -13.17 -8.82 0.76 1203 1797 -0.97 D2714/2-19 195 0.019809 0.000262 0.000800 0.000009 0.282531 0.000027 -8.63 -4.45 0.96 1020 1514 -0.98 D2714/2-21 203 0.020292 0.000194 0.000873 0.000010 0.282546 0.000021 -8.10 -3.76 0.75 1001 1477 -0.97 灰绿色玄武岩山岩 D2852/4-1 196 0.026696 0.000569 0.001216 0.000029 0.282483 0.000019 -10.37 -6.22 0.67 1101 1627 -0.96 D2852/4-3 189 0.028899 0.000239 0.001222 0.000012 0.282332 0.000030 -15.71 -11.71 1.06 1314 1968 -0.96 D2852/4-9 181 0.025696 0.000282 0.001018 0.000007 0.282351 0.000025 -15.01 -11.17 0.89 1279 1928 -0.97 D2852/4-12 188 0.033197 0.000167 0.001302 0.000007 0.282317 0.000022 -16.26 -12.29 0.77 1338 2004 -0.96 D2852/4-13 177 0.029644 0.000213 0.001212 0.000009 0.282482 0.000040 -10.41 -6.67 1.42 1102 1641 -0.96 D2852/4-14 187 0.042585 0.000468 0.001673 0.000015 0.282346 0.000028 -15.28 -11.39 0.99 1313 1946 -0.95 D2852/4-18 186 0.042758 0.000787 0.001835 0.000031 0.282455 0.000029 -11.42 -7.58 1.02 1162 1705 -0.94 D2852/4-19 186 0.027427 0.000312 0.001125 0.000014 0.282314 0.000042 -16.34 -12.40 1.47 1336 2009 -0.97 D2852/4-24 186 0.031931 0.000395 0.001257 0.000011 0.282337 0.000030 -15.54 -11.61 1.07 1308 1959 -0.96 D2852/4-30 193 0.023403 0.000189 0.000957 0.000006 0.282354 0.000041 -14.91 -10.80 1.45 1273 1913 -0.97
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表 3 日多地区雄来组火山岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 3 Major, trace elements and REE compositions of Xionglai Formation volcanic rocks in the Riduo area
样号 D2840/1 D0922/1 D2852/5 D2852/4 D2852/3 D7011/2 D7011/4 D7011/5 D7011/9 D2714/2 岩石名称 玄武岩 玄武安山岩 安山质凝灰岩 安山岩 SiO2 47.84 47.30 46.94 53.93 57.50 58.22 56.38 56.31 56.32 60.54 Al2O3 14.96 16.15 15.30 14.74 15.59 16.12 15.15 15.20 15.68 14.89 TFe2O3 9.25 9.49 8.82 7.39 8.09 8.34 8.61 8.57 8.31 8.42 MgO 10.95 10.41 10.09 8.12 3.48 2.64 5.09 5.30 5.68 2.45 CaO 8.14 9.31 7.70 6.88 6.13 6.36 7.99 8.33 8.21 5.32 Na2O 3.24 3.35 3.88 5.61 3.96 2.65 1.95 2.03 1.58 2.94 K2O 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.19 0.60 2.53 1.37 1.48 1.00 2.64 P2O5 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.25 0.22 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.22 MnO 0.16 0.16 0.19 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 TiO2 1.03 1.04 1.13 0.88 1.08 0.96 0.76 0.75 0.87 1.04 烧失量 4.30 3.10 6.16 2.38 2.94 1.73 1.98 1.56 1.76 0.73 总计 100.14 100.56 100.48 100.35 99.80 99.89 99.60 99.85 99.74 99.34 Mg# 73.40 71.88 72.72 71.92 50.06 42.45 57.94 59.04 61.43 40.41 ALK 3.35 3.46 4.04 5.80 4.56 5.18 3.32 3.51 2.58 5.58 σ 1.71 2.18 2.62 2.87 1.34 1.69 0.77 0.88 0.47 1.73 Rb 5.20 3.60 8.30 14.20 8.20 72.94 56.23 59.19 42.14 72.90 Ba 26.10 44.10 27.20 161.00 62.70 537.30 318.60 270.80 184.50 496.00 Th 2.97 1.25 0.75 1.52 2.70 7.42 6.13 5.28 4.47 9.98 U 0.61 0.29 0.50 0.47 0.63 1.53 1.53 1.39 0.76 2.07 Ta 0.48 0.62 0.38 0.38 0.67 0.76 0.57 0.53 0.57 1.51 Nb 5.14 5.11 3.02 4.56 4.31 11.24 6.79 8.35 7.11 10.80 Sr 248.90 357.70 306.00 289.00 264.00 443.50 380.70 410.40 390.60 375.00 P 698.21 610.93 480.02 480.02 1090.96 960.04 741.85 741.85 785.49 960.04 Hf 2.43 1.78 2.43 3.68 3.52 3.73 2.56 2.09 2.19 6.57 Zr 83.80 82.70 89.30 110.00 108.00 161.00 115.20 115.80 105.90 184.00 V 179.60 189.40 192.00 128.00 170.00 228.30 216.80 229.80 212.40 219.00 Sc 28.00 24.20 22.50 15.80 23.10 24.07 33.46 35.50 32.82 15.10 Cr 314.70 347.80 224.70 17.30 316.80 43.40 131.60 143.70 183.00 25.40 Co 42.00 44.60 33.70 14.00 32.60 20.49 29.21 29.77 28.94 19.30 Ni 96.60 109.70 90.10 6.79 107.00 19.90 37.70 39.90 35.00 9.47 La 9.56 10.30 5.45 9.08 11.20 25.01 16.80 18.08 16.49 32.80 Ce 21.00 21.70 13.60 20.80 26.40 50.66 34.09 38.06 33.93 63.80 Pr 2.73 2.97 2.26 3.00 3.98 5.68 3.87 4.04 3.88 7.57 Nd 11.80 13.10 11.20 13.40 18.70 22.27 15.62 16.50 15.67 29.20 Sm 3.38 3.41 3.11 3.35 4.64 4.62 3.32 3.44 3.48 5.47 Eu 1.15 1.27 1.13 0.96 1.64 1.34 0.94 0.97 1.09 1.35 Gd 2.98 3.66 3.25 3.35 4.72 4.86 3.36 3.44 3.51 5.02 Tb 0.54 0.65 0.65 0.63 0.89 0.71 0.51 0.51 0.54 0.81 Dy 3.05 3.55 4.14 3.96 5.64 4.07 2.96 2.98 3.12 4.70 Ho 0.73 0.85 0.85 0.80 1.16 0.84 0.62 0.58 0.64 0.93 Er 1.85 2.04 2.29 2.21 3.19 2.40 1.81 1.69 1.85 2.59 Tm 0.27 0.30 0.36 0.37 0.52 0.35 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.42 Yb 1.63 1.80 2.13 2.41 3.21 2.19 1.61 1.59 1.65 2.63 Lu 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.34 0.47 0.35 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.41 Y 19.50 21.30 23.70 22.80 33.20 21.61 15.88 19.06 16.20 26.50 ΣREE 60.92 65.85 50.72 64.66 86.36 125.35 86.03 92.38 86.37 157.70 LREE/HREE 4.39 4.03 2.63 3.60 3.36 6.95 6.55 7.18 6.30 8.00 (La/Yb)N 3.95 3.86 1.73 2.54 2.35 7.70 7.04 7.67 6.74 8.41 δEu 1.11 1.10 1.09 0.88 1.07 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.95 0.79 注：Mg# =(Mg2+ /(Mg2+ + Fe2+)；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 4 日多地区雄来组中性火山岩与不同构造环境安山岩微量元素及比值对比
Table 4 Trace elements and ratios of intermediate volcanic rocks in the Riduo area in compared with features of andesite from various tectonic settings
安山岩类别 Sc/10-6 Nb/10-6 Y/10-6 Zr/Y Ni/Co Sc/Cr Cr/V Hf/Yb Sc/Ni Ba/Rb Ba/Sr 安山岩(本文，n=8) 26 7.59 22.18 5.80 0.30 0.21 0.61 1.59 0.70 6.23 0.80 大陆弧 20 9.40 22.00 5.42 0.95 0.61 0.15 1.70 1.10 8.20 1.16 大洋弧 31 0.80 25.00 2.20 0.29 3.81 0.08 0.61 3.40 18.50 0.61 安第斯弧 17 10.00 15.00 14.60 1.41 0.36 0.64 3.42 0.60 10.00 1.05
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