Geochronology, magmatic genesis and tectonic setting of the Musidanjiao tufflava in the Asa area, Tibet
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摘要:
为了进一步探讨西藏中部阿索地区的白垩纪岩浆活动演化历史，于阿索南部的目思旦角附近采集了一期早白垩世流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰熔岩样品，对其进行了年代学及全岩地球化学测试。测得目思旦角凝灰熔岩中锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为129.3±1.9 Ma（n=17，MSWD=0.039）。地球化学测试结果表明，凝灰熔岩具有极高的SiO2（76.27%~78.70%）含量，中等的Al2O3（11.23%~12.21%）及全碱（5.60%~6.30%）含量，很低的全铁（1.16~1.50%）、CaO（0.62%~1.40%）、MgO（0.19%~0.24%）、TiO2（0.09%~0.15%）和P2O5（0.02%~0.02%）含量；且它们表现出富集U、Th、Pb等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素，并具有富集的轻稀土元素，平缓的重稀土元素，以及明显的负Eu异常。这些特征与陆缘弧地区发育的典型I型花岗质岩石的地球化学属性相似，指示它们的源区可能为部分熔融的中地壳，并在后期经历了显著的结晶分异作用。结合阿索地区已报道的120 Ma左右的陆缘岛弧岩浆活动，以及105 Ma左右的伸展型岩浆活动，认为阿索地区130 Ma左右的早白垩世流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰熔岩可能形成于班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲的构造背景。
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关键词:
- 西藏阿索 /
- 凝灰熔岩 /
- 班公湖-怒江洋 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年
Abstract:In order to further explore the evolution history of Cretaceous magmatism in the Asa area, central Tibet, samples were collected from Early Cretaceous rhyolitic tufflava near Musidanjiao, south of the Asa area, to carry out the geochronological and geochemical studies.The mean zircon 206Pb/238U age of Musidanjiao tufflava yields 129.3±1.9 Ma(n=17, mswd=0.039).The geochemical test results show that the tufflava has extremely high SiO2 content(76.27%~78.70%), moderate Al2O3(11.23~12.21%), total alkali content of 5.60%~6.30%, very low total iron(1.16%~1.50%), CaO(0.62%~1.40%), MgO(0.19%~0.24%), TiO2(0.09%~0.15%), and P2O5(0.02%~0.02%) contents.Moreover, they show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements such as U, Th and Pb, and depletion of high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta and Ti, as well as enrichment of LREE, flat HREE and obvious negative Eu anomaly.These characteristics indicate that they might be originated from the partial melting of middle crust and experienced significant crystallization differentiation in the later period, which is geochemically similar to the typical Ⅰ-type granitoids developed in the continental margin arc region.In combination with the reported continental margin island arc magmatism of~120 Ma and the extensional magmatism of~105 Ma in the Asa area, it is suggested that the Early Cretaceous rhyolitic taffflava magmatism of~130 Ma in the Asa area might be formed in the background of the southward subduction of Bangong-Nujiang Ocean.
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Keywords:
- Asa, Tibet /
- tufflava /
- Bangong-Nujiang Ocean /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating
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致谢: 野外工作期间得到吉林大学青藏高原地质研究中心的老师同学们以及后勤师傅们的许多帮助；地质图的绘制得到吉林大学杨德明教授的帮助；锆石U-Pb定年测试分析由吉林大学东北亚矿产资源评价重点实验室(长春)郝宇杰老师等帮助完成，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 青藏高原白垩纪岩浆岩及火山沉积地层分布图(a)和目思旦角地区地质简图(b)
LSSZ—龙木措-双湖-澜沧江缝合带；BNSZ—班公湖-怒江缝合带；SNMZ—狮泉河-纳木错蛇绿混杂岩带；LMF—米拉山断裂带；IYZSZ—印度-雅鲁藏布江缝合带；SQ—南羌塘板块；NL—北拉萨板块；CL—中拉萨板块；SL—南拉萨板块；图中年龄数据据参考文献[10, 15-29]
Figure 1. Geological map showing distibution of Cretaceous magmatic and volcanic-sedimentary strata in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(a)and simplified geological map of the Sidanjiao area(b)
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图版Ⅰ
a、b.目思目角地区凝灰熔岩野外手标本近景照片；c、e.目思目角地区凝灰熔岩单偏光镜下照片，可见明显的火山碎屑结构；d、f.正交偏光镜下照片；Q—石英；Pl—斜长石
图版Ⅰ.
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图 2 目思旦角凝灰熔岩锆石阴极发光图像及锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 2. Cathodoluminescence images and concordia plots of zircon from tafflava in the Musidanjiao area
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图 4 目思旦角凝灰熔岩SiO2-K2O图解[35]
Figure 4. SiO2-K2O diagram of the tafflava in the Musidanjiao area
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图 5 阿索目思旦角凝灰熔岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图(a)及球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线(b)(标准化数据据参考文献[36])
Figure 5. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element distribution curves(a)and chondrite- normalized REE patterns(b)of tafflava in the Musidanjiao area
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图 6 目思旦角凝灰熔岩Sr-Ba图解[37]
Pl—斜长石；Amp—角闪石；Bi—黑云母；Kfs—钾长石
Figure 6. Sr-Ba diagram for the tufflava around Musidanjiao
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图 8 Nb/Y-Rb/Y(a)和Ce-Ce/Pb(b)图解(底图据参考文献[40])
Figure 8. Nb/Y-Rb/Y (a)and Ce-Ce/Pb(b)diagrams
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图 10 花岗质岩石构造判别图解[50]
a—(Y+Nb)-Rb图解；b—Y-Nb图解。VAG—火山弧花岗岩；Syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩；WPG—板内花岗岩；ORG—洋中脊花岗岩
Figure 10. Tectonic discriminant diagrams of the granitoids
表 1 目思旦角凝灰熔岩锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测试结果
Table 1 Zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic results of the tafflava in the Musidanjiao area
样品号 Th U Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 10-6 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ N18T24-01 225.23 163.29 1.38 0.04858 0.00281 0.13480 0.00787 0.02012 0.00057 128 82 128 7 128 4 N18T24-02 162.70 186.65 0.87 0.04863 0.00277 0.13459 0.00773 0.02007 0.00057 130 80 128 7 128 4 N18T24-03 55.68 60.26 0.92 0.09924 0.00234 3.89205 0.10789 0.28442 0.00729 1610 23 1612 22 1614 37 N18T24-04 49.74 58.11 0.86 0.06269 0.00217 0.98030 0.03628 0.11340 0.00300 698 38 694 19 692 17 N18T24-05 98.22 164.31 0.60 0.04866 0.00255 0.13657 0.00730 0.02035 0.00056 131 74 130 7 130 4 N18T24-06 203.23 381.06 0.53 0.04864 0.00199 0.13593 0.00581 0.02027 0.00054 131 53 129 5 129 3 N18T24-07 209.48 173.34 1.21 0.04866 0.00244 0.13559 0.00692 0.02021 0.00056 131 69 129 6 129 4 N18T24-08 162.93 68.03 2.39 0.08617 0.00212 2.80527 0.08012 0.23611 0.00608 1342 25 1357 21 1366 32 N18T24-09 123.64 156.61 0.79 0.04871 0.00273 0.13734 0.00781 0.02045 0.00057 134 80 131 7 130 4 N18T24-10 430.89 367.56 1.17 0.04868 0.00231 0.13604 0.00661 0.02027 0.00056 132 64 130 6 129 4 N18T24-11 152.43 155.03 0.98 0.04858 0.00304 0.13564 0.00846 0.02025 0.00061 128 87 129 8 129 4 N18T24-12 561.22 189.79 2.96 0.04851 0.00398 0.13545 0.01102 0.02025 0.00064 124 124 129 10 129 4 N18T24-13 395.75 280.90 1.41 0.04865 0.00333 0.13597 0.00939 0.02027 0.00058 131 103 129 8 129 4 N18T24-14 213.49 216.95 0.98 0.04877 0.00418 0.13830 0.01188 0.02057 0.00060 137 138 132 11 131 4 N18T24-15 95.15 105.81 0.90 0.04846 0.00505 0.13584 0.01417 0.02033 0.00060 122 178 129 13 130 4 N18T24-16 155.57 168.78 0.92 0.04861 0.00271 0.13573 0.00765 0.02025 0.00058 129 78 129 7 129 4 N18T24-17 99.11 175.82 0.56 0.04875 0.00426 0.13618 0.01196 0.02026 0.00058 136 143 130 11 129 4 N18T24-18 139.47 177.64 0.79 0.04852 0.00267 0.13676 0.00762 0.02044 0.00058 125 77 130 7 130 4 N18T24-19 117.77 117.44 1.00 0.04861 0.00512 0.13636 0.01434 0.02034 0.00062 129 178 130 13 130 4 N18T24-20 41.52 156.85 0.26 0.04374 0.00240 0.12318 0.00688 0.02042 0.00057 -84 71 118 6 130 4 
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表 2 目思旦角凝灰熔岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 2 Whole-rock major, trace elements and REE contents of the tafflava in the Musidanjiao area
元素 T24H1 T24H2 T24H3 NT24H4 T24H5 元素 T24H1 T24H2 T24H3 NT24H4 T24H5 SiO2 77.13 76.72 78.70 76.27 76.81 Ce 39.3 35.7 47.8 45.4 52.4 Al2O3 12.21 11.84 11.23 11.92 11.99 Pr 5.15 4.83 6.25 6.03 6.89 TFe2O3 1.16 1.31 1.45 1.50 1.26 Nd 19.7 18.4 23.8 22.6 26.1 CaO 0.89 1.21 0.62 1.40 1.09 Sm 5.13 4.73 6.13 5.24 6.02 MgO 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.22 0.24 Eu 0.73 0.68 0.85 0.79 0.87 K2O 3.26 2.73 2.82 3.26 3.12 Gd 5.45 5.37 7.45 5.91 6.09 Na2O 3.04 3.33 2.78 2.48 2.74 Tb 0.93 0.92 1.32 1.01 0.95 TiO2 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.15 Dy 5.95 6.01 8.68 6.35 5.86 P2O5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Ho 1.28 1.28 1.84 1.36 1.22 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 Er 3.80 3.89 5.44 4.03 3.56 烧失量 1.90 2.16 1.84 2.39 2.11 Tm 0.58 0.56 0.79 0.59 0.53 Cr 4.38 4.19 3.72 4.33 4.58 Yb 3.76 3.67 5.15 3.86 3.40 Ni 1.26 1.49 1.69 1.69 1.66 Lu 0.56 0.56 0.76 0.60 0.51 Ga 13.5 12.8 12.2 13.6 14.1 Hf 4.17 4.35 4.18 4.51 4.17 Rb 115 96.4 103 114 117 Ta 0.95 0.95 0.92 0.91 0.88 Sr 51.6 54.2 33.9 59.0 48.6 Pb 26.8 24.7 26.4 22.7 22.2 Y 32.9 34.4 49.4 36.8 32.6 Th 16.4 16.0 18.2 15.9 18.6 Zr 107 111 112 122 117 U 2.76 2.46 3.37 2.40 2.81 Nb 12.0 12.2 11.5 11.5 11.9 Mg# 29.7 25.3 24.3 25.5 30.7 Ba 722 526 572 737 585 Eu/Eu* 0.42 0.41 0.38 0.44 0.44 La 18.7 18.1 23.5 24.4 27.3 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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