Discovery of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement in the Tuomoerrite area of North Qaidam: Constraint on the location of Early Paleozoic suture
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摘要:
柴北缘构造带东部托莫尔日特地区发现了古元古代片麻岩和斜长角闪岩，其构造归属对认识区域构造格局具有重要意义。托莫尔日特地区发育大量早古生代火山-沉积岩、蛇绿岩和侵入岩，片麻岩和其中透镜状斜长角闪岩仅出露于填图区东北侧，其原岩分别为花岗闪长岩和基性岩。用LA-ICP-MS技术测得片麻岩和斜长角闪岩中锆石的U-Pb年龄分别为2413±28 Ma（上交点年龄，n=29，MSWD=2.3）、1966±46 Ma（207Pb/206Pb年龄加权平均值，n=4，MSWD=1.7）和1922±22 Ma（上交点年龄，n=29，MSWD=1.3）。结合锆石特征认为，2413±28 Ma可代表片麻岩原岩岩浆的结晶年龄，1966±46 Ma和1922±22 Ma可分别代表片麻岩和斜长角闪岩的变质年龄。片麻岩具有典型埃达克岩高Sr低Y的地球化学特征，MgO、Cr和Ni含量较低，锆石εHf（t）值介于-0.8~+4.0之间，二阶段模式年龄为2704~2965 Ma，全岩εNd（t）值介于+0.8~+1.6之间，显示其可能为加厚下地壳部分熔融成因。古元古代变质岩的岩石组合、地球化学特征、形成时代等均与北侧德令哈杂岩特征一致，表明其属于北侧欧龙布鲁克地块变质基底，而非柴北缘构造带。这一认识约束了柴北缘缝合线的位置，进一步将该地区缝合线限定在赛坝沟蛇绿岩和古元古代变质岩之间很窄的范围内。
Abstract:The Paleoproterozoic gneiss and amphibolite were recognized in the Tuomoerrite area, eastern part of the North Qaidam ultra-high pressure metamorphic belt.Their tectonic affinities have significance for the understanding of regional tectonic framework.In the Tuomoerrite area, there are abundant early Paleozoic volcano-sedimentary rocks, ophiolitic rocks and intrusives, with minor gneiss and amphibolite lens discovered in the northeast part.The protoliths of gneiss and amphibolite are granidiorite and basic rock respectively.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon from gneiss and amphibolite yields ages of 2413±28 Ma(upper intercept age, n=29, MSWD=2.3), 1966±46 Ma(weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age, n=4, MSWD=1.7), and 1922±22 Ma(upper intercept age, n=29, MSWD=1.3) respectively.Combined with cathodoluminescence images of zircon, 2413±28 Ma represents the magmatic crystallization age of the protolith of the gneiss.1966±46 Ma and 1922±22 Ma represent the metamorphic ages of the gneiss and amphibolite respectively.The gneiss shows typical adakitic geochemical feature, with high Sr, low Y, MgO, Cr, and Ni.The magmatic zircons have εHf(t) values between -0.8 and +4.0 and yield two-stage Hf model ages ranging from 2704 Ma to 2965 Ma.They also have positive εNd(t) ranging from +0.8 to +1.6.These geochemical and isotopic characteristics indicate that the gneisses were likely formed by partial melting of thickened mafic lower-crust.The rock assemblage, geochemical features and ages of these metamorphic rocks are consistent with those of the Delingha Complex to the north, indicating that they belong to the northern Oulongbuluke block rather than the North Qaidam belt.This understanding further constrains that the suture of the North Qaidam belt lies between the Saibagou ophiolite and the newly recognized Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks.
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Keywords:
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age /
- Paleoproterozoic /
- metamorphic basement /
- suture /
- Oulongbuluke /
- North Qaidam
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致谢: 审稿专家对本文提出了建设性修改意见，成文过程中与中国地质科学院地质研究所路增龙博士进行了有益探讨，在此表示感谢。
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图 1 中央造山带大地构造格架和柴北缘位置(a)、柴北缘及邻区地质图(b) (蓝色虚线表示柴达木地块与欧龙布鲁克地块缝合线原位置)
Figure 1. Tectonic framework of the Central Orogenic Belt, location of the North Qaidam belt(a)and geological map of the North Qaidam belt and adjacent areas(b)
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图 3 托莫尔日特地区片麻岩和斜长角闪岩野外及显微镜下照片
a—片麻岩和斜长角闪岩野外关系；b—片麻岩；c—片麻岩镜下照片；d—斜长角闪岩镜下照片。Pl—斜长石；Qz—石英；Amp—角闪石
Figure 3. Field and microscope photographs of gneiss and amphibolite in the Tuomoerrite area
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图 4 托莫尔日特地区片麻岩(a)和斜长角闪岩(b)锆石阴极发光图像
Figure 4. Cathodoluminescence images of zircons from gneiss(a)and amphibolite(b) in the Tuomoerrite area
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图 5 托莫尔日特地区片麻岩(a)和斜长角闪岩(b)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 5. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircons from gneiss(a)and amphibolite(b) in the Tuomoerrite area
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图 6 托莫尔日特地区片麻岩主量和微量元素组成特征
a—SiO2-K2O图解；b—A/CNK-A/NK图解；c—球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线；d—原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图
Figure 6. Major and trace elements compositions of gneiss in the Tuomoerrite area
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图 7 埃达克岩Y-Sr/Y(a)和YbN-(La/Yb)N(b)判别图解
Figure 7. Y-Sr/Y(a)and YbN-(La/Yb)N (b)discrimination diagrams for adakites
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图 8 托莫尔日特地区古元古代片麻岩锆石年龄-εHf(t)(a)和(87Sr/86Sr)t-εNd(t)(b)图解
MORB—大洋中脊玄武岩
Figure 8. Zircon εHf(t)vs.age(a)and εNd(t)vs.(87Sr/86Sr)t(b)diagrams of the Paleoproterozic gneisses in the Tuomoerrite area
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图 9 古元古代片麻岩SiO2-(Cr+Ni)图解(全吉山片麻岩数据据参考文献[51])
Figure 9. (Cr+Ni)vs.SiO2 diagram of the Paleoproterozic gneisses
表 1 托莫尔日特地区片麻岩和斜长角闪岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素数据
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb data of gneiss and amphibolite in the Tuomoerrite area
测试点 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 谐和度/% Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 误差相关系数 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 19DLH1：片麻岩 1 286 68 256 0.27 0.15 0.0015 7.8 0.13 0.38 0.0058 0.90 2339 23 2204 15 2064 27 88 2 266 53 217 0.24 0.16 0.0015 9.7 0.21 0.45 0.0084 0.89 2440 17 2410 20 2374 38 97 3 281 23 462 0.05 0.16 0.0016 8.4 0.12 0.39 0.0042 0.77 2417 18 2280 13 2131 19 87 4 695 193 363 0.53 0.16 0.0014 9.2 0.14 0.43 0.0054 0.86 2420 15 2359 13 2290 24 94 5 338 91 238 0.38 0.15 0.0016 8.5 0.17 0.40 0.0067 0.83 2369 18 2281 18 2181 31 92 6 347 89 246 0.36 0.15 0.0016 8.4 0.20 0.40 0.0087 0.89 2353 19 2273 22 2184 40 93 7 93 5 235 0.02 0.12 0.0014 5.2 0.08 0.32 0.0038 0.76 1922 22 1849 13 1794 19 93 8 495 166 176 0.94 0.15 0.0018 8.6 0.15 0.42 0.0060 0.81 2354 21 2299 16 2239 27 95 9 225 36 202 0.18 0.15 0.0019 9.0 0.24 0.43 0.0105 0.92 2351 20 2336 24 2318 47 99 10 348 65 368 0.18 0.16 0.0017 9.5 0.22 0.44 0.0086 0.85 2406 19 2389 21 2365 39 98 11 408 98 332 0.30 0.15 0.0018 8.5 0.16 0.41 0.0065 0.84 2348 20 2285 17 2215 30 94 12 126 43 101 0.43 0.12 0.0015 5.5 0.11 0.33 0.0054 0.82 1983 22 1904 17 1832 26 92 13 80 10 122 0.08 0.15 0.0024 8.9 0.42 0.42 0.0147 0.73 2350 27 2327 43 2272 67 97 14 256 53 178 0.30 0.15 0.0020 8.9 0.25 0.42 0.0088 0.73 2366 23 2328 26 2272 40 96 15 771 190 575 0.33 0.16 0.0014 9.1 0.16 0.43 0.0068 0.90 2413 15 2352 16 2284 31 95 16 182 46 236 0.20 0.12 0.0014 5.5 0.11 0.33 0.0054 0.79 1976 21 1901 18 1833 26 92 17 161 36 130 0.28 0.16 0.0018 9.4 0.15 0.44 0.0057 0.80 2417 19 2375 15 2329 26 96 18 501 79 660 0.12 0.15 0.0015 8.3 0.13 0.40 0.0045 0.76 2354 18 2264 14 2167 21 92 19 520 159 298 0.54 0.15 0.0019 8.2 0.16 0.39 0.0058 0.77 2355 22 2252 17 2142 27 91 20 262 43 228 0.19 0.15 0.0020 9.0 0.26 0.43 0.0106 0.83 2354 22 2336 27 2314 48 98 21 609 137 436 0.32 0.15 0.0017 9.1 0.23 0.43 0.0094 0.86 2385 19 2346 23 2301 42 96 22 404 91 277 0.33 0.15 0.0017 8.9 0.16 0.42 0.0065 0.83 2391 18 2330 17 2264 29 95 23 415 117 186 0.63 0.15 0.0016 9.8 0.29 0.47 0.0120 0.86 2350 19 2419 27 2501 52 94 24 509 117 435 0.27 0.15 0.0015 8.7 0.15 0.42 0.0063 0.87 2365 17 2308 16 2249 29 95 25 644 152 418 0.36 0.15 0.0016 8.9 0.19 0.42 0.0072 0.80 2377 18 2328 20 2272 33 95 26 745 188 501 0.37 0.15 0.0017 8.9 0.16 0.42 0.0064 0.86 2395 18 2333 16 2266 29 94 27 636 131 356 0.37 0.16 0.0021 9.6 0.29 0.45 0.0106 0.78 2413 23 2401 28 2382 47 99 28 230 26 323 0.08 0.15 0.0017 7.9 0.18 0.39 0.0077 0.87 2306 20 2217 20 2124 36 92 29 367 97 216 0.45 0.16 0.0019 9.8 0.20 0.45 0.0067 0.76 2454 20 2418 18 2377 30 97 30 254 59 185 0.32 0.15 0.0018 8.9 0.21 0.42 0.0079 0.80 2386 20 2326 21 2255 36 94 31 110 27 128 0.21 0.12 0.0015 5.6 0.11 0.33 0.0059 0.87 1981 22 1917 17 1860 28 94 32 267 21 450 0.05 0.15 0.0015 8.1 0.13 0.40 0.0053 0.81 2335 18 2246 15 2148 24 92 33 343 84 210 0.40 0.16 0.0022 9.0 0.20 0.41 0.0072 0.79 2439 24 2335 20 2217 33 90 19DLH7：斜长角闪岩 1 59 17 59 0.29 0.13 0.0043 5.0 0.15 0.28 0.0046 0.54 2143 57 1825 26 1569 23 69 2 63 21 78 0.27 0.11 0.0021 4.4 0.10 0.28 0.0041 0.61 1852 35 1708 20 1594 21 85 3 152 56 152 0.37 0.11 0.0017 4.1 0.12 0.27 0.0062 0.77 1798 27 1658 24 1545 31 85 4 80 22 78 0.28 0.12 0.0018 5.4 0.12 0.34 0.0060 0.80 1900 28 1887 19 1879 29 99 5 52 16 61 0.26 0.11 0.0021 4.8 0.10 0.31 0.0047 0.71 1865 33 1790 18 1730 23 93 6 55 18 72 0.25 0.11 0.0024 4.2 0.11 0.28 0.0047 0.67 1833 39 1676 21 1567 24 84 7 32 11 45 0.24 0.11 0.0030 3.9 0.11 0.26 0.0037 0.52 1809 45 1615 22 1478 19 80 8 52 15 59 0.25 0.12 0.0022 5.2 0.14 0.33 0.0060 0.67 1933 34 1846 23 1827 29 94 9 123 51 139 0.37 0.11 0.0021 3.7 0.07 0.24 0.0024 0.50 1856 32 1578 16 1389 13 71 10 57 21 77 0.27 0.11 0.0019 4.1 0.12 0.27 0.0053 0.70 1831 25 1655 23 1518 27 81 11 63 18 81 0.22 0.12 0.0019 4.8 0.10 0.30 0.0038 0.64 1894 28 1793 17 1710 19 90 12 54 19 70 0.27 0.11 0.0020 4.0 0.09 0.26 0.0042 0.71 1839 32 1636 19 1487 21 79 13 147 63 164 0.39 0.11 0.0014 3.6 0.08 0.24 0.0048 0.92 1759 (8) 1548 17 1401 25 77 14 41 11 49 0.23 0.12 0.0023 5.2 0.16 0.32 0.0068 0.69 1928 37 1857 26 1793 33 93 15 50 13 57 0.24 0.12 0.0019 5.4 0.12 0.33 0.0057 0.79 1924 30 1886 19 1855 28 96 16 50 14 55 0.25 0.12 0.0019 5.4 0.17 0.33 0.0083 0.79 1922 29 1885 27 1849 40 96 17 63 18 70 0.26 0.12 0.0020 5.1 0.11 0.31 0.0047 0.73 1918 31 1831 18 1759 23 91 18 45 13 48 0.26 0.11 0.0021 5.2 0.13 0.33 0.0055 0.67 1856 33 1853 21 1861 26 100 19 90 38 118 0.32 0.11 0.0016 3.5 0.07 0.24 0.0036 0.75 1740 23 1520 16 1367 19 76 20 134 49 159 0.30 0.11 0.0018 4.1 0.10 0.27 0.0041 0.65 1839 62 1662 19 1524 21 81 21 52 19 68 0.27 0.11 0.0022 4.0 0.10 0.27 0.0042 0.63 1791 37 1643 20 1529 21 84 22 48 17 61 0.28 0.12 0.0021 4.3 0.10 0.27 0.0038 0.62 1881 37 1696 19 1550 19 81 23 65 19 66 0.28 0.12 0.0019 5.4 0.13 0.33 0.0062 0.75 1920 28 1889 21 1859 30 97 24 93 28 95 0.29 0.12 0.0018 5.4 0.11 0.33 0.0047 0.69 1918 22 1881 18 1847 23 96 25 168 61 157 0.39 0.12 0.0015 4.5 0.08 0.28 0.0033 0.67 1910 23 1735 15 1593 17 82 26 75 21 74 0.29 0.12 0.0017 5.4 0.13 0.34 0.0062 0.80 1906 27 1886 20 1868 30 98 27 86 26 84 0.30 0.12 0.0020 5.1 0.14 0.31 0.0060 0.72 1910 31 1832 23 1761 30 92 28 36 11 50 0.22 0.11 0.0018 4.6 0.11 0.29 0.0058 0.80 1858 29 1753 20 1666 29 89 29 33 13 57 0.24 0.11 0.0025 3.3 0.09 0.22 0.0036 0.59 1781 47 1477 22 1274 19 67 30 45 15 54 0.27 0.11 0.0021 4.5 0.11 0.29 0.0057 0.82 1818 35 1724 20 1653 28 90 
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表 2 托莫尔日特古元古代片麻岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素组成
Table 2 Major, trace and rare earth elements compositions of the Paleoproterozoic gneisses in the Tuomoerrite area
样品号 19DLH1 19DLH2 样品号 19DLH1 19DLH2 SiO2 63.71 62.80 Tm 0.10 0.11 TiO2 0.52 0.57 Yb 0.60 0.67 Al2O3 16.73 17.07 Lu 0.09 0.10 Fe2O3 2.44 2.65 Eu/Eu* 1.16 1.08 FeO 2.41 2.53 LREE 172.30 202.38 MnO 0.06 0.07 HREE 7.30 7.83 MgO 1.61 1.75 LREE/HREE 23.59 25.85 CaO 4.14 4.34 (La/Yb)N 48.30 51.61 Na2O 4.50 4.50 Li 11.53 8.07 K2O 1.34 1.27 Sc 4.89 5.27 P2O5 0.24 0.25 V 65.68 67.60 烧失量 1.90 1.86 Cr 21.10 17.02 总量 99.60 99.64 Ni 10.22 9.59 Mg# 38 39 Co 8.79 9.72 TFeO 4.61 4.92 Cu 5.00 8.26 TFeO/MgO 2.86 2.81 Pb 9.79 10.40 A/CNK 1.02 1.02 Cs 1.05 1.14 La 40.54 48.44 Ga 20.07 20.25 Ce 82.28 96.78 Rb 42.39 41.19 Pr 9.41 11.13 Ba 627 575 Nd 33.46 38.74 Sr 832 868 Sm 5.08 5.73 Th 2.20 3.25 Eu 1.53 1.56 U 0.57 0.78 Gd 3.23 3.41 Nb 5.45 5.89 Tb 0.36 0.39 Ta 0.17 0.22 Dy 1.80 1.92 Zr 194.11 201.95 Ho 0.32 0.35 Hf 5.03 5.17 Er 0.80 0.87 Y 7.24 7.85 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 3 托莫尔日特古元古代片麻岩(19DLH1)锆石Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 3 Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of the Paleoproterozoic gneiss in the Tuomoerrite area
测试编号 年龄/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Hf/177Hf 2σ (176Hf/177Hf)i fLu/Hf εHf(0) εHf(t) TDM1/Ma TDM2/Ma 4 2413 0.073112 0.001669 0.001776 0.000048 0.281435 0.000019 0.281353 -0.95 -47.3 3.9 2594 2708 6 2413 0.025404 0.001080 0.000647 0.000028 0.281304 0.000015 0.281274 -0.98 -51.9 1.1 2695 2888 7 1922 0.024353 0.000143 0.000631 0.000002 0.281422 0.000015 0.281399 -0.98 -47.7 -5.7 2534 2942 8 2413 0.047405 0.000670 0.001214 0.000010 0.281313 0.000016 0.281257 -0.96 -51.6 0.5 2723 2927 9 2413 0.050770 0.005023 0.001216 0.000119 0.281401 0.000017 0.281345 -0.96 -48.5 3.6 2602 2727 11 2413 0.051653 0.000499 0.001249 0.000015 0.281354 0.000014 0.281296 -0.96 -50.2 1.9 2669 2838 13 2413 0.024829 0.000648 0.000632 0.000016 0.281331 0.000015 0.281302 -0.98 -51.0 2.1 2658 2825 24 2413 0.066743 0.000996 0.001611 0.000029 0.281405 0.000015 0.281331 -0.95 -48.3 3.1 2624 2759 25 2413 0.075465 0.001225 0.001788 0.000032 0.281425 0.000017 0.281343 -0.95 -47.6 3.5 2608 2731 30 2413 0.021669 0.000326 0.000548 0.000009 0.281371 0.000018 0.281345 -0.98 -49.6 3.6 2598 2726
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表 4 托莫尔日特古元古代片麻岩全岩Rb-Sr和Sm-Nd同位素组成
Table 4 Whole-rock Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic compositions of the Paleoproterozoic gneisses in the Tuomoerrite area
样品号 原岩年龄/Ma 87Rb/86Sr 87Sr/86Sr 2σ (87Sr/86Sr)t 147Sm/144Nd 143Nd/144Nd 2σ (143Nd/144Nd)t εNd(0) εNd(t) fSm/Nd 19DLH1 2413 0.1476 0.709491 0.000004 0.70435 0.0918 0.511010 0.000004 0.509550 -31.8 0.8 -0.53 19DLH2 2413 0.1374 0.709186 0.000005 0.70440 0.0893 0.511011 0.000006 0.509590 -31.7 1.6 -0.55
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