The recognition of Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt in Beishan orogenic belt, Inner Mongolia and its indication for the subduction of the Beishan ocean
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摘要:
白云山蛇绿混杂岩带位于内蒙古北山造山带中部，呈北西西向展布，向东延伸至月牙山-洗肠井蛇绿混杂岩带，向西延伸至牛圈子-红柳园蛇绿混杂岩带。白云山蛇绿混杂岩带内发育俯冲期的糜棱面理褶皱、拼贴期逆冲断层系及隆升期走滑断层系3期构造变形，由不同类型的岩块与基质组成，岩块主要包括纯橄岩、辉橄岩、橄辉岩、辉石岩、碳酸盐化超基性岩、辉长岩、玄武岩、斜长花岗岩蛇绿岩岩块及硅质岩、灰岩和砂岩岩块，基质主要为蛇纹岩、绿泥片岩及砂板岩。在蛇绿混杂岩带中部发现保存较完整的洋壳残片，由南向北依次出露堆晶超镁铁质岩、堆晶辉长岩及变质玄武岩。结合大洋中脊玄武岩、洋岛玄武岩及晚寒武世岛弧钙碱性辉长岩的识别，认为白云山蛇绿混杂岩带寒武纪发育MOR型、OIB型、SSZ型等不同构造环境的蛇绿岩岩块，俯冲作用持续到晚志留世。
Abstract:The NWW-striking Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt is exposed in the central part of Beishan orogenic belt, which extends from Hongliuhe-Niujuanzi in the west to Xichangjing in the east.There are three stages of structural deformation in the Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt, i.e., mylonite fold in subduction period, thrust fault system in collage period and strike-slip fault system in uplift period.The Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges are composed of different types of blocks and matrix.The ophiolitic blocks include rocks of chassignites, pyroxene peridotites, olivine pyroxenolites, pyroxenites, carbonated ultramafic rocks, gabbros, basalts, plagiogranites, and the blocks include rocks of siliceous rocks, limestones and sandstones.The matrix is composed of serpentine matrix, green-schist matrix and sand-slate matrix.In the center of the ophiolitic mélanges belt, the fragments of intact oceanic crust from south to north were found, which are composed of cumulate ultramafic rocks, cumulate gabbros, basalts.Based on the identification of MORBs, OIBs and Late Cambrian island arc-calc alkaline gabbros, the authors believe that the ophiolite blocks of MOR type, OIB type and SSZ type were developed in the Cambrian in the Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt, and the subduction of the Hongliuhe-Xichangjiang Ocean lasted until late Silurian.
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致谢: 感谢两位审稿专家提出的宝贵意见及建议，在野外调查过程中与中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心王惠初、李承东研究员进行了深入的讨论，使作者受益匪浅。
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图 2 白云山蛇绿混杂岩带地质简图(据参考文献①修改)
Figure 2. Simplified geological map of Baiyunshan ophiolite mélanges belt
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图 3 白云山蛇绿混杂岩带三期构造变形特征
a—蛇绿混杂岩带构造-岩性实测剖面(据PM018修改)；b—俯冲期的糜棱面理变形及S-C组构(第一期变形)；c、d—拼贴期的逆冲断层系及玄武岩新生面理褶皱(第二期变形); e—隆升期的走滑断层系(第三期变形)
Figure 3. The characteristics of three stages of structural deformation for the ophiolitic mélanges belt in Baiyunshan
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图版 Ⅰ
a.不同类型岩块分布的宏观特征；b.蛇纹石化纯橄岩野外特征；c.蛇纹石化辉橄岩野外特征；d.灰绿色橄辉岩野外特征；e.灰黑色辉石岩野外特征；f.碳酸盐化蚀变超基性岩显示的岩块与基质特征；g.玄武岩强变形特征；h.辉长岩野外特征及韧性剪切变形; i.斜长花岗岩野外特征；j、k.紫红色硅质岩宏观特征及纹层状构造；l.砂岩及灰岩岩块宏观特征
图版 Ⅰ.
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图 4 白云山蛇绿混杂岩带岩块与基质的混杂特征及不同岩块的野外特征
a、b—堆晶超基性岩特征；c—堆晶辉长岩特征; d—变质玄武岩宏观特征
Figure 4. The characteristics of blocks and matrix and the fabric characteristics of different blocks in Baiyunshan ophiolite mélanges belt
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图版 Ⅱ
a.纯橄岩残余网状结构(+)；b.强蛇纹石化辉橄岩镜下特征(+); c.蛇纹石化橄辉岩镜下特征(+); d.辉石岩矿物分布及蚀变特征(-); e.碳酸盐化蚀变超基性岩镜下特征(+); f.中细粒辉长岩镜下特征(+); g.玄武岩斜长石斑晶及硅质-钙质杏仁体; h.斜长花岗岩镜下特征(+); i.硅质岩隐晶质结构(+)；Ol—橄榄石; Cpx—单斜辉石; Opx—斜方辉石; Hb—角闪石；Tc—滑石；Pl—斜长石；Q—石英；Dol—白云石；Cc—方解石
图版 Ⅱ.
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图 5 白云山地区不同类型蛇绿混杂岩地球化学系列图解
a—TAS图解[36]；b—TFeO/MgO-SiO2图解[37]；c—微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图；d—稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线[38]；e—TiO2-MnO2×10-P2O5×10图解[39]；f—Hf/3-Th-Nb/16[40]；CAB—岛弧钙碱性玄武岩；IAT—岛弧拉斑玄武岩；OIT—洋岛拉斑玄武岩；OIA—洋岛碱性玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩；N-MORB—正常洋中脊玄武岩；A—正常型洋脊拉斑玄武岩；B—异常型洋脊拉斑玄武岩；C—板内碱性玄武岩；D—岛弧玄武岩(钙碱性系列-拉斑玄武岩系列)
Figure 5. Discriminant diagrams of ophiolite mélanges for different genetic types in Baiyunshan area
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图 6 早古生代红柳河-洗肠井洋盆的演化过程
Figure 6. The evolution process of Hongliuhe-Xichangjing Ocean in the Early Paleozoic
表 1 白云山蛇绿混杂岩构造岩石单元划分
Table 1 The partition scheme of different types of block and matrix in the Baiyunshan ophiolite mélanges belt
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