The discovery of the Elegen ophiolite in Beishan orogenic belt, Inner Mongolia: Evidence for the east extension of the Hongshishan-Baiheshan ophiolite belt
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摘要:
通过1：5万黑红山幅区调工作，在内蒙古北山造山带的额勒根地区新发现并详细填绘出一套由玄武岩、斜长花岗岩、硅质岩和砂板岩构成的蛇绿构造混杂岩组合，该蛇绿混杂岩带呈NWW向带状展布，宽2.5~8 km，延伸约25 km。其中，玄武岩具富Na2O（3.02%~6.04%）、MgO（4.29%~5.46%）而贫K2O（0.03%~0.23%）、TiO2（0.44%~0.59%），轻稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为平坦型；微量元素富集大离子亲石元素Ba、U，明显亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti，兼具洋中脊玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩特征。斜长花岗岩与蛇绿岩中的玄武岩具相似的岩石地球化学特征，形成于玄武质岩浆部分熔融，稀土元素配分模式显示弱负Eu异常的似平坦型曲线。在斜长花岗岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为342±4.7 Ma，推测古洋壳形成于早石炭世。结合蛇绿岩两侧不同时代火山岩构造环境的分析，认为额勒根蛇绿混杂岩为古亚洲洋向南俯冲过程中弧后扩张形成的SSZ型蛇绿岩。晚中生代一系列北东向左行走滑断裂，使红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带向北错移至额勒根一带通过。该蛇绿岩带的发现，解决了区域上红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带的东延问题，为北山乃至中亚造山带古生代构造演化提供了重要信息。
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关键词:
- 北山造山带 /
- 额勒根蛇绿岩 /
- 斜长花岗岩 /
- 弧后扩张 /
- 红石山-百合山蛇绿岩带
Abstract:There is a set of ophiolite tectonic melange belt composed of basalt, plagiogranite, siliceous rock and sand slate which was discovered in the Elegen area of the Beishan orogenic belt in Inner Mongolia, based on the project of 1: 50000 Heihongshan Sheet regional geological survey.The ophiolitic melange belt is in NWW stripe-shaped distribution, with a width of about 2.5 to 8 km and an extension of about 25 km.The basalts in the Elegen ophiolite are rich in Na2O(3.02%~6.04%), MgO(4.29%~5.46%)and poor in K2O(0.03%~0.23%)and TiO2(0.44%~0.59%), and chondrite-normalized LREE patterns are flat.The primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns are characterized by the enrichment of the LILE(Ba, U)and depletion of the HFSE(Nd, Ta, P, Ti), which also have the characteristics of MORB and IAB, showing the lava characteristics of the SSZ-type tectonic background.The trace elements are enriched in the large ion lithophile elements Ba and U, while the high field strength elements Nb, Ta, P and Ti are obviously depleted, and have the characteristics of MORB and IAB, showing the lava characteristics of the SSZ-type tectonic background.The basalts in the the ophiolite and plagiogranite have similar rock geochemical characteristics, suggesting that they were formed in the partial melting of the basaltic magma, and the REE patterns show a flat-like curve with weak negative Eu anomalies.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of 342±4.7 Ma was obtained in the plagiogranite, and it is determined that the Elegen ophiolite was formed in the Early Carboniferous.Through the analysis of the tectonic setting of the ophiolite and the volcanic rocks in different ages around this area, the authors believe that the Elegen ophiolite might have been formed in the expansion stage of the post-arc basin in the Hongshishan-Baiheshan area during the southward reduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.In the Late Mesozoic, a series of NE-striking sinistral strike-slip faults caused the Hongshishan-Baiheshan tectonic belt to move northward to the area of Elegen.The discovery of the ophiolite explains the east extension of the Hongshishan-Baiheshan ophiolite belt, thus providing important information for the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Beishan area and even the whole Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB).
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致谢: 河北省区域地质调查院胡醒民教授级高级工程师，中国地质科学院地质力学研究所胡健民研究员和河北地质大学李英杰教授给本文提出了宝贵的修改意见，在此表示感谢。
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图 2 研究区地质简图②
1—第四系；2—中二叠统金塔组；3—石炭系白山组；4—下石炭统绿条山组；5—中奥陶统咸水湖组；6—晚石炭世花岗岩；7—泥砂质基质(下石炭统)；8—绿泥板岩(强劈理化玄武岩)；9—块状玄武岩；10—斜长花岗岩；11—硅质岩；12—区域性边界断裂；13—断层；14—走滑断层；15—糜棱岩化带；16—角度不整合界线；17—同位素样品位置
Figure 2. Geological sketch map of the research area
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图版Ⅰ
a.块状玄武岩与强劈理化玄武岩野外露头；b.透镜状斜长花岗岩野外照片；c.紫红色层状硅质岩野外照片；d.玄武岩显微镜下照片；e.斜长花岗岩显微镜下照片；f.含放射虫硅质岩显微镜下照片；Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Kf—钾长石；Bi—黑云母
图版Ⅰ.
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图 5 玄武岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)[33]
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram(b)of basalt
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图 6 斜长花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分曲线(a)及微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图(b)[33]
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and primitive mantle-normalized trace element spider diagram(b)of plagiogranite
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图 7 斜长花岗岩(TW48)阴极发光(CL)图像(a)和U-Pb谐和图(b)
Figure 7. CL images of selected zircons(a)and U-Pb concordia diagram(b)of plagiogranite(TW48)
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图 8 额勒根玄武岩构造环境判别图
a—2Nb-Zr/4-Y图解[42]；b—Hf/3-Th-Ta图解[43]；c—V-Ti/1000图解[44]；d—Ta/Yb-Th/Yb图解[45]；N-MORB—正常洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集洋中脊玄武岩；IAT—岛弧拉斑玄武岩；IAB—岛弧玄武岩；CAB—钙碱性玄武岩；WPA—板内碱性玄武岩；ICA—岛弧钙碱系列；SHO—岛弧橄榄玄粗岩系列；WPB—板内玄武岩；TH—拉斑玄武岩；TR—过渡玄武岩；ALK—碱性玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩；CFB—大陆溢流玄武岩；AB—碱性玄武岩
Figure 8. Discriminant diagrams of tectonic setting of the Elegen basalt
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图 9 斜长花岗岩SiO2-La(a)和SiO2-Yb(b)判别图解[47]
Figure 9. SiO2-La(a) and SiO2-Yb(b) diagrams of plagiogranite
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表 1 额勒根蛇绿岩中玄武岩和斜长花岗岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 1 Major, trace elements and REE analyses of the basalt and plagioclase granite in the Elegen ophiolite
分析项 玄武岩 斜长花岗岩 P20YQ1 P20YQ4 BS-1 BS-2 BS-3 YQ83 YQ33 YQ42 YQ61 YQ48 YQ66 SiO2 42.52 52.19 52.88 53.57 53.27 52.18 74.15 72.02 77.91 74.57 73.44 TiO2 0.44 0.49 0.59 0.55 0.58 0.49 0.28 0.35 0.22 0.31 0.34 Al2O3 14.37 15.02 16.04 14.97 15.67 17.29 13.02 13.52 11.85 13.07 12.33 Fe2O3 2.09 2.65 4.65 4.67 4.88 3.00 0.64 0.92 0.10 0.85 1.52 FeO 7.18 5.02 6.01 5.24 5.78 6.42 1.96 2.18 1.52 1.65 1.68 MnO 0.24 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.027 0.059 0.014 0.037 0.048 MgO 4.29 4.75 5.22 4.77 5.46 4.41 1.42 1.41 1.26 1.06 0.96 CaO 12.35 7.47 3.36 4.73 3.47 5.79 0.49 1.40 0.34 1.09 1.72 Na2O 3.02 4.54 6.04 5.64 5.66 3.49 6.33 4.43 4.37 5.62 4.96 K2O 0.23 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.76 0.15 1.07 0.91 0.45 0.69 P2O5 0.05 0.11 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.06 烧失量 13.14 7.49 4.04 4.79 4.14 5.79 1.45 2.50 1.42 1.19 2.19 总计 99.93 99.94 99.11 99.22 99.19 99.89 99.96 99.80 99.96 99.96 99.94 A/CNK 1.00 0.79 0.71 0.71 0.84 1.01 1.13 1.23 1.35 1.12 1.02 σ 2.36 1.82 3.28 2.67 2.79 1.64 1.34 1.03 0.80 1.16 1.04 TFeO 7.37 5.26 6.43 5.66 6.22 6.69 2.02 2.26 1.53 1.73 1.82 Mg# 0.51 0.62 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.54 0.56 0.53 0.60 0.52 0.49 Rb 19.02 0.71 2.66 1.69 1.33 10.5 2.57 13.52 13.20 4.40 8.24 Ba 212.48 28.17 19.20 34.50 23.70 114 97.52 307.97 147.93 103.03 111.21 Th 0.40 0.37 0.24 0.16 0.16 0.23 0.99 0.61 1.28 0.74 0.76 U 0.46 0.41 0.20 0.19 0.21 0.51 0.70 0.37 0.76 0.63 0.55 K 10278 288 683 642 600 6284 1264 8842 7587 3757 5764 Ta 0.08 0.08 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.16 0.09 0.57 0.22 0.61 Nb 1.18 1.45 0.41 0.38 0.41 0.55 2.69 1.75 2.29 1.88 1.52 Sr 58.56 134.43 138.00 156.00 153.00 176.92 84.47 115.34 83.46 94.81 68.97 P 223.89 464.69 157.86 188.56 162.25 367.68 144.99 285.21 161.47 265.43 251.14 Zr 27.29 37.70 25.00 22.80 24.00 41.0 147.27 79.83 105.47 127.64 122.77 Hf 0.81 1.11 0.97 0.88 0.93 1.05 4.69 2.59 3.73 4.29 3.69 La 2.16 2.92 1.66 1.83 1.71 2.72 4.52 5.03 7.98 4.91 4.41 Ce 4.83 6.91 4.50 4.89 4.43 6.95 15.0 14.3 19.3 14.3 11.7 Pr 0.67 0.94 0.70 0.79 0.71 0.94 1.81 1.54 2.20 2.31 1.46 Nd 3.23 4.66 3.64 4.22 3.61 4.80 8.66 7.89 9.75 11.2 7.58 Sm 1.01 1.33 1.12 1.36 1.15 1.49 2.76 2.36 2.62 3.34 2.45 Eu 0.39 0.50 0.43 0.51 0.43 0.59 0.50 0.56 0.52 0.66 0.54 Gd 1.17 1.45 1.50 1.77 1.55 1.57 2.99 2.53 2.77 3.80 2.46 Tb 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.33 0.27 0.33 0.81 0.54 0.56 0.83 0.54 Dy 1.71 2.07 1.69 2.15 1.79 2.20 6.03 3.88 3.86 5.76 3.87 Ho 0.36 0.40 0.37 0.45 0.38 0.46 1.28 0.79 0.79 1.22 0.81 Er 1.03 1.23 1.10 1.32 1.16 1.30 3.64 2.46 2.39 3.51 2.50 Tm 0.19 0.23 0.18 0.21 0.18 0.25 0.66 0.45 0.44 0.62 0.48 Yb 1.13 1.36 1.26 1.43 1.31 1.49 4.01 2.68 2.71 4.02 2.85 Lu 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.22 0.21 0.24 0.68 0.44 0.42 0.60 0.44 Y 11.71 11.50 8.60 10.80 9.32 13.20 36.90 29.30 22.80 32.50 27.10 ΣREE 18.30 24.51 18.61 21.48 18.89 25.34 53.33 45.48 56.33 57.11 42.11 LREE 12.29 17.26 12.05 13.60 12.04 17.49 33.22 31.69 42.38 36.75 28.17 HREE 6.02 7.25 6.56 7.88 6.85 7.85 20.11 13.79 13.95 20.36 13.94 LREE/HREE 2.04 2.38 1.84 1.73 1.76 2.23 1.65 2.30 3.04 1.81 2.02 LaN/YbN 1.37 1.54 0.95 0.92 0.94 1.31 0.81 1.35 2.11 0.88 1.11 δEu 1.09 1.09 1.01 1.00 0.98 1.18 0.53 0.70 0.59 0.56 0.67 δCe 0.98 1.03 1.02 1.00 0.99 1.07 1.29 1.26 1.13 1.04 1.13 注：TFeO=FeO+ Fe2O3×0.8998；Mg#=Mg2+/(Mg2++TFe2+)；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6 
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表 2 额勒根蛇绿岩中的斜长花岗岩(TW48)LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb测试分析结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotope analytical results of plagiogranite(TW48) in the Elegen ophiolite
测点号 含量/10-6 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 28 211 351 0.0554 0.0017 0.4947 0.0157 0.0644 0.0010 428 70 408 11 402 6 2 13 69 200 0.0488 0.0029 0.3651 0.0222 0.0539 0.0009 139 133 316 16 338 6 3 16 133 161 0.0670 0.0056 0.6390 0.0351 0.0645 0.0012 839 176 502 22 403 7 4 47 280 598 0.0521 0.0015 0.4628 0.0135 0.0639 0.0009 287 65 386 9 399 6 5 19 220 290 0.0509 0.0024 0.3350 0.0145 0.0482 0.0008 235 107 293 11 304 5 6 17 112 248 0.0588 0.0039 0.4446 0.0276 0.0553 0.0011 561 144 373 19 347 7 7 54 71 764 0.0542 0.0017 0.4830 0.0152 0.0644 0.0010 389 72 400 10 402 6 8 13 138 172 0.0571 0.0028 0.4344 0.0217 0.0547 0.0010 494 114 366 15 343 6 9 28 403 433 0.0539 0.0019 0.3615 0.0142 0.0480 0.0008 369 86 313 11 302 5 10 5 36 57 0.0570 0.0051 0.4848 0.0401 0.0644 0.0016 500 200 401 27 402 10 11 54 277 806 0.0533 0.0018 0.4113 0.0144 0.0555 0.0009 343 78 350 10 348 6 12 36 303 536 0.0567 0.0015 0.4233 0.0126 0.0538 0.0008 480 61 358 9 338 5 13 23 249 363 0.0529 0.0021 0.3477 0.0133 0.0479 0.0007 324 89 303 10 302 5 14 9 97 133 0.0497 0.0025 0.3640 0.0185 0.0536 0.0011 189 120 315 14 337 6 15 15 216 158 0.0564 0.0029 0.4879 0.0276 0.0626 0.0013 478 115 404 19 391 8
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