A new thinking on the process of ocean-continent transition in Beishan orogenic belt of Inner Mongolia: Evidence from the Devonian arc granite in the south of Dahong Mountain
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摘要:
报道了红石山-百合山蛇绿构造混杂岩带南侧大红山地区发现的一套泥盆纪弧花岗岩,并论述其地质特征、岩石学、地球化学、年代学及其岩石成因和构造背景。该套弧花岗岩由英云闪长岩、花岗闪长岩及石英二长岩组成,整体经历了强烈的区域动热变质作用,普遍发育透入性的新生面理构造。据岩石地球化学特征,该套弧花岗岩可分为钠质的T1G1(英云闪长岩+花岗闪长岩)和钾质的QM(石英二长岩),T1G1具有高铝型TTG的特征(Al2O3平均15.22%,大于15%),QM则为一套高钾钙碱性系列岩石,属于低Sr高Yb的浙闽型花岗岩(Sr含量平均121.64×10-6,Yb含量平均2.95×10-6)。二者均具有轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素明显富集、重稀土元素和高场强元素明显亏损,以及非常明显的"TNT"异常(Nb、Ta、Ti亏损)特征,指示该套弧花岗岩形成于成熟度较高的岛弧背景。锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,这套弧花岗岩的侵位时代为364~399 Ma。结合区域地质背景和时空演化配置,认为该套弧花岗岩为北山造山带雀儿山岛弧(D)的残留。该发现为北山造山带北带古生代弧-盆演化体制的研究提供了新的证据和线索。
Abstract:This paper reports a set of Devonian arc granites firstly found on the south side of Dahong Mountain, the southern side of ophiolite tectonic mélange zone in Hongshi Mountain-Baihe Mountain.This set of arc granites are composed of tonalite, granodiorite and quartz monzonite.The rocks on the whole experienced intense thermodynamic metamorphism and developed permeable mylonitic texture.According to the geochemical characteristics of rocks, the arc granite assemblage can be divided into sodic T1G1 (tonalite+granodiorite) and potassium to potash QM(quartzite).The combination of T1G1 shows the characteristics of the high aluminum(the average content of Al2O3:15.22%, > 15%), and the QM is a set of high potassium calc-alkaline rocks which belong to Zheming type granite with low Sr and high Yb(the average content of Sr is 121.64×10-6, and the average content of Yb is 2.95×10-6).Both of them have the characteristics of obvious enrichment of light rare earth elements(LREE)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs), obvious depletion of heavy rare earth elements(HREE)and high field strength elements(HFSEs)and obvious "TNT" anomaly(Nb, Ta, Ti depletion).The overall results show that the arc granite assemblage was formed in the background of island arc with high maturity.Besides, zircon U-Pb dating shows that this set of arc granites was emplaced in the Devonian period between 364 Ma and 399 Ma.Combined with the overall spatial and temporal configuration of the region, it is held that this set of arc granites may be the remnant of the Que'ershan island arc(D)in the northern belt of Beishan Mountain.This discovery provides new evidence and clues for the Paleozoic arc-basin evolution system in the north belt of northern Beishan Mountain.
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Keywords:
- Beishan orogenic belt /
- arc granite /
- Devonian /
- Dahongshan /
- Queershan island arc
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致谢: 野外调查工作中得到中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心苗培森、赵凤清、王惠初、谷永昌,以及山西省地质调查院张京俊、孙占亮、王权等相关学者和专家的大力支持与帮助,论文撰写和审稿过程中张旗和李锦轶研究员提出了很多宝贵的意见和建议,使笔者受益匪浅,在此一并表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 甘蒙北山北带大红山地区地质图(a)及研究区位置图(b,据参考文献[15]修改)
图a:1—(硅质)长英质糜棱岩;2—强面理化泥质岩;3—强面理化砂质岩;4—变质辉长岩、辉长闪长岩;5—变质玄武岩;6—砂岩;7—灰岩;8—蛇绿构造混杂岩带边界;9—晚二叠世花岗岩;10—中二叠世花岗岩;11—中二叠世辉长岩;12—早二叠世石英闪长岩;13—晚石炭世石英闪长岩;14—晚石炭世花岗岩;15—早石炭世石英闪长岩;16—中泥盆世花岗闪长岩;17—中泥盆世英云闪长岩;18—早泥盆世闪长岩;19—脉岩;20—推覆构造断裂;21—实测断层;22—早华力西期强变形面理;23—早华力西期糜棱面理;24—晚华力西期糜棱面理;25—英云闪长岩类采样位置;26—花岗闪长岩类采样位置;27—石英二长岩类采样位置;CZ—新生界;K1c—赤金堡组;P2j—金塔组;P1-2s—双堡塘组;C2bS—白山组南区;C1-2bN—白山组北区;C1-2l—绿条山组;D3y—雀儿山群圆锥山组;D1-2q—雀儿山群清河沟组;D1-2h—雀儿山群红尖山组;S2x.—志留系小红山岩组;图b:1—国境线;2—省界;3—构造分区界线;4—蛇绿混杂岩带;5—研究区;Ⅰ-1—雀儿山-狐狸山古生代岩浆弧;A—红石山-百合山-额勒根乌兰乌拉晚古生代SSZ型蛇绿构造混杂岩带;Ⅰ-2—黑鹰山-路井古生代岩浆弧;Ⅰ-3—马鬃山地块;Ⅰ-4—公婆泉早古生代岩浆弧;B—牛圈子-洗肠井早古生代MOR型蛇绿构造混杂岩带;Ⅱ-1—营毛沱-鹰嘴红山早古生带被动陆缘;Ⅱ-2—花牛山早古生带陆缘裂谷;Ⅱ-3—红柳园-白山堂晚古生带陆内裂谷;Ⅱ-4—敦煌地块
Figure 1. Geological map in Dahong Mountain, the north belt of Beishan area, Gansu-Inner Mongolia(a)and the location of the study area(b)
图 6 大红山南弧花岗岩An-Ab-Or图解[37]
T1—英云闪长岩;T2—奥长花岗岩;G1—花岗闪长岩;G2—花岗岩(狭义);QM—石英二长岩
Figure 6. The An-Ab-Or diagram of arc granite in the south of Dahong Mountain
图 14 大红山南弧花岗岩MA的SiO2-MgO(a)和TFeO/MgO-SiO2(b)判别图[57]
a:PQ线为HMA/MA边界,RS为MA/非MA边界;b:直线为Miyashiro的CA与TH分界线(上为CA,下为TH),双点划线为Arculus低Fe(LF-CA)与中Fe界线;HMA—高镁安山岩/闪长岩类;MA—镁安山岩/闪长岩类;LF-CA—低铁钙碱趋势
Figure 14. The SiO2-MgO (a) and TFeO/MgO-SiO2 (b) discrimination diagrams of MA of arc granite in the south of Dahong Mountai
表 1 大红山南弧花岗岩主量、微量和稀土分析结果
Table 1 The analytical results of the major, trace and rare earth elements of the arc granite in the south of Dahong Mountain
样品号 5034Gs-1 5418Gs-1 6045Gs-1 7903 Gs-1 6021Gs-1 5024Gs-1 6080Gs-1 6017Gs-1 5021Gs-1 原岩类型 英云闪长岩 花岗闪长岩 石英二长岩 SiO2 65.34 69.64 69.80 67.62 67.42 66.19 68.65 63.52 62.74 Al2O3 16.61 15.09 15.95 15.09 13.37 15.46 14.20 14.92 17.89 Fe2O3 1.64 1.23 1.26 1.70 1.59 1.04 1.54 1.76 1.87 FeO 2.11 1.12 1.16 2.48 1.79 4.28 2.42 4.34 4.43 TiO2 0.42 0.36 0.24 0.51 0.52 0.68 0.54 0.78 0.77 CaO 4.21 3.28 3.74 4.03 4.21 2.03 2.65 2.11 0.75 MgO 1.57 1.01 0.90 1.95 1.57 2.45 1.35 2.58 2.80 K2O 2.08 1.96 1.88 1.89 2.91 2.74 3.38 3.75 4.10 Na2O 3.61 4.39 3.38 3.10 3.30 1.85 2.74 1.10 0.91 MnO 0.10 0.05 0.16 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.32 P2O5 0.27 0.13 0.16 0.22 0.16 0.24 0.14 0.16 0.11 H2O+ 0.84 0.50 0.62 0.64 1.28 1.97 0.71 2.01 2.60 CO2 0.53 0.58 0.53 0.23 1.60 0.23 0.15 0.91 0.08 总计 99.33 99.34 99.78 99.54 99.80 99.24 98.55 98.03 99.37 Na2O/K2O 1.74 2.24 1.80 1.64 1.13 0.68 0.81 0.29 0.22 TFeO 3.58 2.23 2.29 4.01 3.22 5.21 3.80 5.92 6.11 Mg# 0.44 0.45 0.41 0.47 0.47 0.46 0.39 0.44 0.45 石英(Q) 26.46 29.80 34.93 31.07 30.13 36.49 32.49 36.33 34.93 钙长石(An) 16.02 11.90 14.28 17.30 9.88 7.25 11.53 3.82 2.61 钠长石(Ab) 31.02 37.59 28.85 26.53 28.35 16.09 23.70 9.69 7.96 正长石(Or) 12.48 11.72 11.21 11.30 17.46 16.65 20.42 23.08 25.04 Sc 9.46 4.84 3.82 9.75 10.51 15.13 10.30 16.88 19.43 Co 9.20 5.11 2.71 10.25 9.95 16.28 9.31 16.69 15.41 Ga 17.66 19.43 16.46 17.51 14.68 21.58 16.60 20.94 22.49 Rb 79.31 62.38 65.66 89.41 68.88 89.63 115.40 153.60 144.00 Zr 60.43 160.20 95.45 162.60 115.90 153.60 194.70 200.10 179.50 Nb 8.86 3.85 7.41 8.45 6.24 14.78 10.03 15.50 13.88 Cs 7.12 4.71 3.05 6.25 1.61 6.61 6.09 15.19 10.86 Hf 1.70 4.20 2.40 4.00 3.10 3.80 4.80 4.90 4.30 Ta 0.96 0.67 0.93 0.92 0.72 2.21 0.96 1.38 1.31 Th 2.66 6.28 6.34 1.74 25.34 12.18 16.10 15.40 14.68 U 0.64 2.43 1.02 0.81 2.82 2.06 1.25 2.88 3.14 Ba 451.00 200.20 395.30 310.10 613.10 489.70 755.40 907.80 599.00 Cr 11.19 10.79 7.21 30.89 34.38 63.37 31.11 78.29 87.56 Ni 9.94 5.89 1.58 19.52 16.73 39.43 22.73 40.74 43.05 Sr 321.30 241.00 347.40 210.10 238.90 141.50 175.70 103.10 66.27 V 66.23 37.27 11.83 69.82 80.50 104.00 72.73 127.80 124.40 La 11.31 16.33 20.48 12.06 19.69 33.72 31.01 42.18 37.56 Ce 20.71 31.16 38.10 21.04 37.68 65.04 58.42 82.41 75.16 Pr 2.69 4.08 4.87 2.69 4.95 8.15 7.39 10.42 9.15 Nd 10.50 15.85 18.06 10.66 19.19 30.69 27.65 39.39 34.28 Sm 2.50 3.20 3.66 2.68 4.03 6.21 5.55 7.74 6.80 Eu 1.12 0.86 1.02 1.00 0.95 1.20 1.15 1.48 1.22 Gd 2.54 2.79 3.13 2.92 3.55 5.36 4.85 6.65 6.19 Tb 0.44 0.42 0.48 0.53 0.55 0.87 0.75 1.06 0.97 Dy 2.79 2.37 2.77 3.38 3.27 5.29 4.30 6.24 5.90 Ho 0.54 0.44 0.55 0.72 0.64 1.03 0.79 1.23 1.21 Er 1.40 1.14 1.53 2.03 1.76 2.81 2.11 3.34 3.38 Tm 0.21 0.17 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.44 0.31 0.55 0.54 Yb 1.32 1.07 1.72 1.84 1.79 2.83 2.01 3.54 3.43 Lu 0.19 0.16 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.42 0.29 0.52 0.51 Y 13.53 11.85 15.44 18.79 17.28 27.07 21.44 32.31 33.22 ∑REE 58.26 80.03 96.89 62.13 98.59 164.06 146.57 206.75 186.30 LREE/HREE 5.18 8.35 8.05 4.18 7.14 7.62 8.51 7.94 7.42 (La/Yb)N 5.77 10.29 8.04 4.41 7.41 8.04 10.40 8.03 7.38 (La/Sm)N 2.85 3.21 3.52 2.83 3.08 3.41 3.52 3.43 3.47 (Gd/Yb)N 1.55 2.11 1.47 1.28 1.60 1.53 1.95 1.52 1.46 δEu 1.34 0.86 0.90 1.09 0.75 0.62 0.66 0.62 0.56 注:主量元素含量单位为%,微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6;全铁TFeO= FeO+0.899×Fe2O3(wt%);Mg#=Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)(原子数比) 表 2 样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb测年分析结果
Table 2 The results of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating analysis of samples
测点号 元素含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值及误差 表面年龄及误差/Ma Pb* Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ D6021Rz-1号样品 1 351 610 1291 0.47 0.1127 0.0010 3.788 0.054 0.2438 0.0026 1843 15 1590 22 1406 15 2 171 575 1706 0.34 0.0830 0.0013 1.046 0.022 0.0915 0.0015 1269 30 727 15 564 10 3 111 309 413 0.75 0.0973 0.0012 3.026 0.052 0.2256 0.0026 1573 23 1414 24 1311 15 4 86 484 1178 0.41 0.0723 0.0010 0.6664 0.0136 0.0669 0.0011 994 28 519 11 417 7 5 48 204 313 0.65 0.3097 0.0049 4.018 0.079 0.0941 0.0014 3519 25 1638 32 580 9 6 72 338 835 0.40 0.1031 0.0015 1.033 0.019 0.0726 0.0008 1681 27 720 13 452 5 7 80 321 837 0.38 0.0703 0.0013 0.8911 0.0178 0.0919 0.0014 937 38 647 13 567 9 8 261 167 1887 0.09 0.1229 0.0017 2.049 0.058 0.1209 0.0030 1999 24 1132 32 736 18 9 206 1109 1193 0.93 0.1553 0.0037 1.761 0.053 0.0822 0.0022 2406 40 1031 31 509 14 10 101 213 856 0.25 0.0797 0.0011 1.225 0.020 0.1115 0.0019 1190 26 812 13 681 11 11 194 425 760 0.56 0.1030 0.0010 3.215 0.056 0.2264 0.0034 1679 18 1461 26 1316 20 12 37 142 432 0.33 0.1067 0.0033 1.082 0.034 0.0735 0.0013 1744 56 744 23 457 8 13 173 1180 1931 0.61 0.1102 0.0028 1.120 0.029 0.0737 0.0008 1803 46 763 20 458 5 14 61 309 742 0.42 0.1011 0.0025 1.006 0.029 0.0722 0.0009 1645 46 707 20 449 6 15 399 1290 1925 0.67 0.0824 0.0007 2.081 0.030 0.1832 0.0022 1255 18 1143 17 1084 13 16 115 178 603 0.30 0.0936 0.0009 2.340 0.039 0.1812 0.0025 1501 19 1224 21 1074 15 17 154 340 587 0.58 0.1028 0.0011 3.236 0.049 0.2283 0.0024 1675 19 1466 22 1325 14 18 352 844 2436 0.35 0.1085 0.0013 1.923 0.034 0.1286 0.0019 1774 21 1089 19 780 12 19 39 210 548 0.38 0.0729 0.0023 0.6772 0.0245 0.0674 0.0017 1011 65 525 19 420 10 20 81 108 363 0.30 0.1272 0.0019 3.510 0.064 0.2001 0.0027 2060 26 1530 28 1176 16 21 157 241 830 0.29 0.0866 0.0007 2.196 0.033 0.1838 0.0021 1353 16 1180 18 1088 13 22 64 136 321 0.42 0.0945 0.0017 2.367 0.061 0.1817 0.0022 1518 34 1233 32 1076 13 23 29 97 468 0.21 0.0569 0.0013 0.4965 0.0125 0.0633 0.0010 488 51 409 10 396 6 24 47 492 605 0.81 0.0726 0.0019 0.6693 0.0218 0.0669 0.0015 1001 53 520 17 418 9 25 117 417 1667 0.25 0.0711 0.0009 0.6531 0.0106 0.0666 0.0007 960 27 510 8 416 4 26 181 413 620 0.67 0.1030 0.0013 3.670 0.072 0.2583 0.0041 1680 23 1565 31 1481 24 27 162 207 665 0.31 0.1294 0.0012 3.970 0.058 0.2226 0.0025 2089 16 1628 24 1295 15 28 69 528 856 0.62 0.0768 0.0015 0.7166 0.0168 0.0677 0.0009 1115 39 549 13 422 6 29 62 307 811 0.38 0.0927 0.0035 0.9002 0.0357 0.0704 0.0008 1481 72 652 26 439 5 30 219 1699 2721 0.62 0.0853 0.0014 0.8119 0.0158 0.0691 0.0006 1322 32 604 12 430 4 D5021Rz-1号样品 1 25 151 416 0.36 0.0688 0.0022 0.5449 0.0172 0.0574 0.0008 894 65 442 14 360 5 2 29 162 349 0.46 0.1664 0.0043 1.531 0.042 0.0667 0.0012 2522 43 943 26 416 8 3 24 234 355 0.66 0.1139 0.0038 0.9037 0.0236 0.0575 0.0017 1863 60 654 17 361 10 4 57 505 915 0.55 0.0601 0.0025 0.4808 0.0208 0.0581 0.0010 606 89 399 17 364 6 5 24 132 392 0.34 0.0797 0.0022 0.6351 0.0188 0.0578 0.0008 1191 56 499 15 362 5 6 27 230 419 0.55 0.0645 0.0033 0.5148 0.0250 0.0579 0.0016 757 108 422 20 363 10 7 78 337 1301 0.26 0.1499 0.0021 0.9623 0.0161 0.0466 0.0006 2345 24 684 11 293 4 8 65 153 445 0.34 0.1094 0.0017 1.893 0.035 0.1255 0.0016 1790 29 1079 20 762 10 9 46 173 748 0.23 0.0834 0.0018 0.6655 0.0151 0.0579 0.0009 1279 41 518 12 363 5 10 30 296 453 0.65 0.0751 0.0012 0.6001 0.0124 0.0580 0.0009 1070 32 477 10 363 6 11 57 526 813 0.65 0.1025 0.0017 0.8205 0.0180 0.0581 0.0008 1670 31 608 13 364 5 12 140 447 1672 0.27 0.1913 0.0026 1.517 0.030 0.0575 0.0013 2753 22 937 19 361 8 13 344 984 1998 0.49 0.1278 0.0016 2.474 0.038 0.1404 0.0023 2068 22 1264 20 847 14 14 24 199 355 0.56 0.0664 0.0017 0.5315 0.0145 0.0581 0.0008 819 53 433 12 364 5 15 34 236 528 0.45 0.0620 0.0019 0.4951 0.0160 0.0579 0.0008 675 65 408 13 363 5 16 153 220 1000 0.22 0.1184 0.0046 2.308 0.058 0.1414 0.0039 1932 69 1215 31 853 23 17 59 298 818 0.36 0.0690 0.0024 0.6514 0.0245 0.0685 0.0024 898 72 509 19 427 15 18 82 205 645 0.32 0.1549 0.0049 2.141 0.068 0.1002 0.0020 2401 54 1162 37 616 13 19 16 133 238 0.56 0.0986 0.0029 0.7842 0.0277 0.0577 0.0020 1597 54 588 21 362 12 20 25 124 316 0.39 0.1360 0.0032 1.184 0.034 0.0631 0.0010 2177 41 793 23 395 6 21 40 551 591 0.93 0.0596 0.0010 0.4812 0.0089 0.0586 0.0006 589 36 399 7 367 4 22 64 710 994 0.71 0.0582 0.0007 0.4656 0.0077 0.0580 0.0006 537 26 388 6 364 4 23 91 86 441 0.19 0.0820 0.0011 2.366 0.046 0.2092 0.0031 1245 26 1232 24 1225 18 24 32 342 333 1.03 0.0831 0.0037 0.6073 0.0345 0.0530 0.0016 1270 87 482 27 333 10 D6045Rz-1号样品 1 22 94 361 0.26 0.0564 0.0010 0.4716 0.0094 0.0606 0.0006 470 41 392 8 379 4 2 65 223 1093 0.20 0.0555 0.0007 0.4708 0.0078 0.0615 0.0007 432 28 392 7 385 4 3 41 184 686 0.27 0.0555 0.0016 0.4698 0.0140 0.0614 0.0007 433 63 391 12 384 5 4 83 122 1441 0.08 0.0579 0.0007 0.4851 0.0077 0.0608 0.0006 525 27 402 6 380 4 5 31 183 501 0.36 0.0552 0.0011 0.4635 0.0100 0.0609 0.0007 420 43 387 8 381 5 6 34 166 580 0.29 0.0559 0.0009 0.4701 0.0092 0.0610 0.0006 450 36 391 8 381 4 7 30 158 500 0.32 0.0554 0.0010 0.4662 0.0098 0.0610 0.0007 429 41 389 8 382 4 8 42 73 724 0.10 0.0556 0.0008 0.4676 0.0089 0.0610 0.0008 437 34 390 7 382 5 9 128 103 2222 0.05 0.0549 0.0006 0.4694 0.0074 0.0620 0.0008 409 24 391 6 388 5 10 25 187 393 0.48 0.0549 0.0013 0.4668 0.0123 0.0616 0.0009 409 53 389 10 386 6 11 46 93 793 0.12 0.0558 0.0009 0.4680 0.0103 0.0609 0.0010 443 38 390 9 381 6 12 43 128 745 0.17 0.0555 0.0010 0.4656 0.0109 0.0608 0.0010 434 39 388 9 381 6 13 43 200 705 0.28 0.0561 0.0010 0.4731 0.0103 0.0611 0.0010 458 41 393 9 382 6 14 30 207 482 0.43 0.0557 0.0011 0.4697 0.0101 0.0612 0.0007 440 45 391 8 383 4 15 27 31 479 0.06 0.0557 0.0010 0.4697 0.0102 0.0611 0.0008 442 40 391 9 382 5 16 51 242 803 0.30 0.0676 0.0021 0.5890 0.0189 0.0632 0.0008 855 65 470 15 395 5 17 56 71 500 0.14 0.0828 0.0016 1.278 0.027 0.1119 0.0018 1264 38 836 17 684 11 18 41 78 771 0.10 0.0539 0.0010 0.4167 0.0086 0.0561 0.0005 366 41 354 7 352 3 19 28 138 450 0.31 0.0547 0.0010 0.4679 0.0092 0.0620 0.0007 401 41 390 8 388 4 20 45 91 777 0.12 0.0548 0.0010 0.4641 0.0090 0.0614 0.0006 404 40 387 7 384 4 21 42 58 721 0.08 0.0549 0.0009 0.4677 0.0084 0.0617 0.0006 409 35 390 7 386 3 22 40 110 675 0.16 0.0563 0.0009 0.4814 0.0088 0.0620 0.0006 465 35 399 7 388 3 23 107 202 1691 0.12 0.0641 0.0010 0.5800 0.0101 0.0656 0.0007 746 32 464 8 410 4 24 41 84 782 0.11 0.0550 0.0012 0.4226 0.0093 0.0557 0.0006 412 50 358 8 350 4 -
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