Zircon U-Pb age, geochemistry and Hf isotope characteristics of Shimensi granite porphyry in northern Jiangxi Province and its constraint on mineralization
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摘要:
大湖塘钨矿田石门寺矿段钨多金属矿成矿作用与燕山期花岗质岩浆活动密切相关。其中燕山期花岗斑岩与热液隐爆角砾岩关系密切，是重要的成矿地质体。为研究该岩体成岩时代、岩石成因与演化、形成背景，探讨岩体与成矿的关系，对石门寺花岗斑岩开展了系统的岩相学、岩石化学、锆石U-Pb年龄及Hf同位素研究。结果表明，花岗斑岩形成年龄为154.36±0.83 Ma；花岗斑岩为高硅（SiO2含量为71.90%~76.53%）、过铝质（Al2O3含量为12.76%~14.76%，A/CNK值为1.25~1.39）、高钾钙碱性系列（K2O含量为2.58%~5.42%）岩石；富集大离子亲石元素，亏损高场强元素，稀土元素含量（49.38×10-6~72.36×10-6）较低、LREE/HREE（9.83~16.76）和（La/Yb）N值（16.43~39.45）较高，呈明显负Eu（δEu=0.27~0.65）异常；岩石类型为S型花岗岩。锆石的εHf（t）值为-23.6~-2.9，二阶段模式年龄为1.39~2.70 Ga，表明石门寺花岗斑岩可能为古老地壳部分熔融的产物。岩浆源岩主要为富粘土物质；岩浆演化过程中经历了镁铁质矿物、钛铁矿、斜长石的分离结晶，磷灰石没有发生显著分离结晶作用。结合区内中生代成矿地球动力学背景分析，九岭-鄣公山隆起带存在2期重要的成矿作用：①约150 Ma，由于太平洋板块俯冲汇聚而产生的挤压构造背景下的成岩成矿作用；②约135 Ma以来，处于区域岩石圈伸展减薄背景下的钨多金属成矿作用。
Abstract:The mineralization of tungsten polymetallic ore in the Dahutang tungsten orefield is closely related to the Yanshanian granitic magmatism.The Yanshanian granite porphyry is closely related to the hydrothermal cryptoexplosion breccia and is an important ore-forming geological body in this area.In order to study the rock-forming age, genesis, evolution and formation background of the rock mass as well as to discuss the relationship between the rock mass and mineralization, the authors carried out a systematic study in the aspects of petrology, major and trace elements, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope for the Shimensi granite porphyry.The research results show that the rock-forming age of granite porphyry is 154.36±0.83 Ma, the granite porphyry has high-silicon(the content of SiO2 is 71.90%~76.53%), peraluminous nature(the content of Al2O3 being 12.76%~14.76% and the A/CNK value being 1.25~1.39)and thus belongs to high-potassium-calcium-alkaline series(the content of K2O is 2.58%~5.42%).The granite porphyry is enriched in LILEs and depleted in HFSEs.The REE content is low(49.38×10-6~72.36×10-6), LREE/HREE(9.83~16.76)and(La/Yb)N(16.43~39.45)are high, and the granite porphyry has obviously negative δEu anomaly(0.27~0.65).The rock type of granite porphyry is S-type.The εHf(t)values of zircons are -23.6~-2.9 and the two-stage model ages are 1.39~2.70 Ga, indicating that the Shimensi granite porphyry may be a product of partial melting of ancient crust.The source rock magma is mainly clay-rich material.During the evolution of magma, the separation and crystallization of mafic minerals, ilmenite and plagioclase occurred, and no significant separation and crystallization of apatite occurred.Combined with the Mesozoic metallogenic tectonic background in this area, there existed two important mineralization events in the Jiuling-Zhanggongshan uplift zone:one occurred at about 150 Ma, as a result of the diagenetic mineralization under the extrusion tectonic background of the subduction of the Pacific plate; the second occurred at about 135 Ma, as a result of tungsten polymetallic mineralization under the background of the lithosphere stretching thinning.
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Keywords:
- Dahutang tungsten orefield /
- Shimensi granite porphyry /
- zircon U-Pb age /
- geochemistry /
- Hf isotope
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致谢: 江西省地质矿产勘查开发局九一六大队项新葵教授级高工、刘永红高级工程师对石门寺矿区的野外工作给予了多方面的帮助，吉林大学孙景贵教授提出了宝贵意见，天津地质调查中心实验室韩伟老师对样品的测试给予了大力支持，审稿专家对文章结构和内容提出了诸多重要建议，在此一并表示感谢。
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图 1 江西北部大湖塘钨矿区地质简图[6]
Figure 1. Geological map of the Dahutang tungsten deposit in northern Jiangxi Province
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图 3 石门寺钨矿4线地质剖面
Figure 3. Geological section along No.4 line in the Shimensi tungsten deposit
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图 4 石门寺花岗斑岩手标本和显微照片
a—花岗斑岩手标本照片；c—花岗斑岩露头照片；b、d—花岗斑岩显微照片，岩石为斑状结构，基质为隐晶质白云母和石英斑晶(正交偏光)；Qtz—石英；Pl—斜长石；Mus—白云母
Figure 4. Photos and microphotographs of the Shimensi granite porphyry
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图 5 石门寺花岗斑岩锆石阴极发光图像
Figure 5. Zircon cathodoluminescence images of Shimensi granite porphyry
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图 6 石门寺花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 6. Zircon U-Pb age concordia diagram of Shimensi granite porphyry
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图 10 石门寺矿区花岗岩类(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-FeO*/MgO(a)和与(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(b)关系图解
FG—分异的M、I和S型花岗岩；OGT—未分异的M、I和S型花岗岩；A—A型花岗岩
Figure 10. Diagrams of relationship between(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-FeO*/MgO(a)and (Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)-(Na2O+K2O)/CaO(b) of granitoids in the Shimensi mining area
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图 11 石门寺钨矿花岗岩类SiO2-P2O5关系图解
Figure 11. Diagram of relationship between P2O5 and SiO2 of granitoids in the Shimensi tungsten deposit
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图 12 石门寺钨矿花岗岩类Rb-Th(a)和Rb-Y(b)关系图解
Figure 12. Diagrams of relationship Rb-Th(a)and Rb-Y(b)of granitoids in the Shimensi tungsten deposit
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图 13 石门寺花岗斑岩Rb/Sr-Rb/Ba关系图解[33]
Figure 13. Diagram of relationship between Rb/Ba and Rb/Sr of the Shimensi granite porphyry
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图 14 石门寺钨矿花岗岩类主量和微量元素双变量图解
Figure 14. Bivariate diagrams of major and trace elements of granitoids from the Shimensi tungsten deposit
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图 15 石门寺钨矿花岗岩类形成时的构造环境判别图[37]
syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩; VAG—火山弧花岗岩; ORG—洋脊花岗岩; WPG—板内花岗岩
Figure 15. Discriminant diagram of the tectonic setting during the formation of granitoids in the Shimensi tungsten deposit
表 1 石门寺花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素数据
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results for the Shimensi granite prophyry
样品号 含量/10-6 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb U 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 232Th/238U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 1 12 446 0.0242 0.0001 0.1647 0.0020 0.0494 0.0007 0.0072 0.0010 0.6112 0.0009 154 1 155 2 166 31 2 190 8640 0.0237 0.0001 0.1627 0.0024 0.0499 0.0008 0.0271 0.0006 0.0196 0.0004 151 1 153 2 188 36 3 55 2227 0.0246 0.0001 0.1692 0.0019 0.0498 0.0006 0.0204 0.0007 0.1336 0.0007 157 1 159 2 187 29 4 184 8130 0.0242 0.0001 0.1623 0.0038 0.0487 0.0012 0.0225 0.0002 0.0360 0.0003 154 1 153 4 135 55 5 24 983 0.0248 0.0001 0.1683 0.0024 0.0493 0.0007 0.0072 0.0020 0.2853 0.0015 158 1 158 2 163 32 6 409 18255 0.0241 0.0001 0.1626 0.0023 0.0489 0.0007 0.0437 0.0016 0.0137 0.0003 154 1 153 2 142 35 7 206 9043 0.0242 0.0001 0.1675 0.0027 0.0502 0.0008 0.0405 0.0004 0.0213 0.0001 154 1 157 2 202 38 8 130 4641 0.0240 0.0001 0.1622 0.0021 0.0489 0.0007 0.0086 0.0024 0.8061 0.0016 153 1 153 2 144 32 9 185 8102 0.0240 0.0001 0.1661 0.0022 0.0502 0.0007 0.0403 0.0006 0.0281 0.0008 153 1 156 2 203 33 10 111 5013 0.0238 0.0001 0.1611 0.0029 0.0491 0.0009 0.0083 0.0020 0.0682 0.0003 152 1 152 3 151 43 11 54 2193 0.0244 0.0001 0.1661 0.0027 0.0494 0.0009 0.0251 0.0010 0.1180 0.0011 155 1 156 3 168 40 12 116 5247 0.0238 0.0002 0.1639 0.0030 0.0500 0.0008 0.0167 0.0010 0.0342 0.0002 151 1 154 3 197 36 13 85 3392 0.0245 0.0001 0.1670 0.0027 0.0494 0.0008 0.0536 0.0013 0.0569 0.0003 156 1 157 2 167 35 14 44 1834 0.0244 0.0001 0.1647 0.0019 0.0489 0.0006 0.0254 0.0004 0.0941 0.0009 155 1 155 2 144 29 15 124 5614 0.0240 0.0001 0.1654 0.0046 0.0499 0.0014 0.0092 0.0003 0.0416 0.0001 153 1 155 4 192 66 16 15 605 0.0245 0.0001 0.1670 0.0025 0.0495 0.0007 0.0078 0.0004 0.4135 0.0034 156 1 157 2 171 34 17 80 3458 0.0244 0.0001 0.1665 0.0024 0.0495 0.0008 0.0106 0.0016 0.1120 0.0007 155 1 156 2 170 36 18 20 802 0.0245 0.0002 0.1709 0.0036 0.0505 0.0009 0.0145 0.0007 0.1976 0.0005 156 1 160 3 219 43 19 54 2266 0.0243 0.0001 0.1650 0.0023 0.0492 0.0007 0.0142 0.0020 0.1413 0.0010 155 1 155 2 158 35 20 73 3131 0.0244 0.0001 0.1651 0.0029 0.0491 0.0009 0.0146 0.0004 0.0806 0.0009 155 1 155 3 152 42 
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表 2 石门寺花岗斑岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2 Major, trace elements and REE compositions of Shimensi granite porphyry
样号 DHB-87 DHB-89 DHC-176 DHC-331 DHY-1 SiO2 76.53 76.27 73.86 73.90 71.90 TiO2 0.13 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.23 Al2O3 12.76 13.27 14.42 14.74 14.76 Fe2O3 0.40 0.25 0.17 0.40 0.49 FeO 0.80 0.73 0.87 0.65 1.00 MnO 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 MgO 0.27 0.31 0.27 0.26 0.59 CaO 0.79 1.06 0.82 0.38 0.97 Na2O 1.97 3.36 3.08 2.45 2.62 K2O 4.38 2.58 4.57 5.42 5.08 P2O5 0.13 0.10 0.18 0.17 0.12 烧失量 1.21 1.28 1.00 0.92 1.64 总计 98.21 98.12 98.41 98.54 97.81 K2O+NaO 6.35 5.94 7.65 7.87 7.70 Na2O/K2O 0.45 1.30 0.67 0.45 0.52 σ 1.20 1.06 1.90 2.00 2.05 A/CNK 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.39 1.28 A/NK 1.60 1.60 1.44 1.49 1.51 锆饱和温度/℃ 726.03 742.77 708.25 718.9 759.72 Cs 138.00 85.20 125.00 100.00 158.00 Rb 497.00 418.00 548.00 574.00 426.00 Ba 98.70 72.40 50.70 64.70 229.00 Th 10.40 11.40 8.07 7.94 12.60 U 10.70 11.00 13.60 6.37 6.09 Nb 13.30 14.60 15.60 12.80 9.05 Ta 2.14 2.81 3.22 2.21 1.58 K 36360 21417 37937 44994 42171 Sr 45.60 52.50 37.60 47.30 71.80 P 567.35 436.42 785.56 741.92 523.70 Zr 59.20 77.70 53.90 55.80 104.00 Hf 2.28 2.88 2.20 2.26 3.35 Ti 779.15 958.95 719.21 719.21 1378.4 La 14.60 15.70 11.70 11.00 15.70 Ce 28.90 32.60 24.40 22.90 30.80 Pr 3.20 3.64 2.73 2.50 3.27 Nd 11.70 14.00 9.86 8.48 12.90 Sm 2.12 2.58 1.96 1.58 2.49 Eu 0.27 0.33 0.16 0.14 0.52 Gd 1.80 2.06 1.65 1.30 2.38 Tb 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.17 0.35 Dy 0.94 1.05 1.21 0.69 1.75 Ho 0.15 0.18 0.20 0.11 0.32 Er 0.37 0.43 0.46 0.25 0.88 Tm 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.12 Yb 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.20 0.77 Lu 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.11 Y 3.79 4.51 5.12 2.38 8.42 ∑REE 64.70 73.26 55.06 49.38 72.36 ∑LREE/∑HREE 15.56 15.62 11.96 16.76 9.83 (La/Yb)N 31.74 31.28 21.52 39.45 14.63 δEu 0.42 0.44 0.27 0.30 0.65 (Gd/Yb)N 4.51 4.73 3.50 5.38 2.56 注：A/CNK=Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O); A/NK= Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O)；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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表 3 石门寺花岗斑岩Lu-Hf同位素组成
Table 3 Zircon Lu-Hf isotopic compositions of the Shimensi granite porphyry
测点 年龄/Ma 176Yb/177Hf 176Lu/177Hf 176Hf/177Hf ±2σ 176Hf/177Hf εHf(0) εHf(t) TDM1/Ma TDM2/Ma fLu/Hf 1 154 0.065863 0.001465 0.282471 0.000022 0.282467 -10.6 -7.4 1117 1675 -0.96 2 151 0.032894 0.000754 0.282533 0.000016 0.282531 -8.5 -5.2 1011 1534 -0.98 3 157 0.050259 0.001407 0.282159 0.000019 0.282155 -21.7 -18.4 1557 2370 -0.96 4 154 0.044646 0.001226 0.282502 0.000019 0.282498 -9.6 -6.3 1068 1606 -0.96 5 158 0.054137 0.001346 0.282516 0.000014 0.282512 -9.0 -5.7 1050 1571 -0.96 6 154 0.079034 0.001541 0.282501 0.000017 0.282496 -9.6 -6.4 1078 1610 -0.95 7 154 0.029697 0.000684 0.282500 0.000020 0.282498 -9.6 -6.3 1055 1606 -0.98 8 153 0.008623 0.000258 0.282009 0.000022 0.282009 -27.0 -23.6 1715 2698 -0.99 9 153 0.049818 0.001250 0.282491 0.000017 0.282488 -9.9 -6.7 1083 1629 -0.96 10 152 0.084368 0.001862 0.282562 0.000018 0.282556 -7.4 -4.3 1000 1476 -0.94 11 155 0.058163 0.001300 0.282497 0.000016 0.282493 -9.7 -6.4 1076 1615 -0.96 12 151 0.056192 0.001565 0.282601 0.000017 0.282596 -6.1 -2.9 936 1386 -0.95 13 156 0.068215 0.002050 0.282565 0.000021 0.282559 -7.3 -4.1 1001 1468 -0.94 14 155 0.026493 0.000716 0.282495 0.000016 0.282493 -9.8 -6.5 1063 1616 -0.98 15 153 0.035462 0.001068 0.282519 0.000014 0.282515 -9.0 -5.7 1039 1567 -0.97 16 156 0.030660 0.000905 0.282516 0.000017 0.282514 -9.0 -5.7 1038 1569 -0.97 17 155 0.008637 0.000257 0.282049 0.000021 0.282048 -25.6 -22.2 1661 2609 -0.99 18 156 0.028899 0.000846 0.282398 0.000016 0.282395 -13.2 -9.9 1202 1835 -0.97 19 155 0.043227 0.001495 0.282356 0.000067 0.282352 -14.7 -11.5 1281 1932 -0.95 20 155 0.008651 0.000259 0.282029 0.000022 0.282028 -26.3 -22.9 1688 2654 -0.99
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表 4 华南地区部分矿床和岩体同位素年龄
Table 4 Age compilation of some igneous plutons and related ore deposits in South China
区域 矿床 方法 年龄/Ma 参考文献 相关岩体 方法 年龄/Ma 参考文献 北武夷 冷水坑 40Ar/39Ar 162.8±1.6 [38] 花岗斑岩 锆石U-Pb 162.0±2 [38] 闽西南 永定口 辉钼矿Re-Os 165.3±3.5 [40] 北武夷 金溪熊家山 辉钼矿Re-Os 152 [41] 粤东 厚婆坳锡 Rb-Sr
40Ar-39Ar149.99±7.04
145.8±1.43[42] 浙江 治岭头 135~145 [43-46] 武夷山 行洛坑 辉钼矿Re-Os 156.3±4.8 [47] Rb-Sr 147.5±2.9 铜陵 高钾钙碱性花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 151~142 [48-50] 湘南 黄沙坪 辉钼矿Re-Os 154.8±1.9 [51] 黄沙坪花岗斑岩 锆石U-Pb 161.6±1.1 [51] 湘南 锡田 辉钼矿Re-Os 150±2.7 [52] 锡田细粒含斑黑云母花岗岩 全岩Rb-Sr 151.0±24 [52] 湘南 大坳 辉钼矿Re-Os 151.4±2.4 [53] 金鸡岭花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 156.0±2 [53] 湘东南 邓阜仙 辉钼矿Re-Os 150.5±5.2 [54] 邓阜仙二云母花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 154.4±2.2 [54] 赣南 摇篮寨 辉钼矿Re-Os 155.8±2.8 [55] 摇篮寨花岗岩体 锆石U-Pb 156.1±1.7 [55] 赣南 木梓园 辉钼矿Re-Os 151.1±8.5 [56] 木梓园花岗岩体 锆石U-Pb 153.3±1.9 [56] 赣南 漂塘 白云母Ar-Ar 152±1.9 [56] 漂塘黑云母花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 161.8±1.0 [56] 赣南 浒坑 辉钼矿Re-Os 150.2±2.2 [57] 浒坑白云母花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 151.6±2.6 [58] 赣南 西华山 白云母K-Ar 149±4.9 [59] 黑云母花岗岩 150.6±6.7 [59] 赣南 淘锡坑 辉钼矿Re-Os 154 [60] 赣南 洪水寨 辉钼矿Re-Os 156.3±1.3 [61] 九龙脑岩体 锆石U-Pb 155.8±1.2 [61] 赣北 大湖塘 辉钼矿Re-Os 143.7±1.2 [5] 似斑状白云母花岗岩 锆石U-Pb 144.2±1.3 [6] 辉钼矿Re-Os 140.9±3.6 石门寺 辉钼矿Re-Os 150.4±1.4Ma [62] 花岗斑岩 锆石U-Pb 154.36±0.83 本文
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