Source of soluble organic matter in Quaternary sediments in the Muli permafrost area of the South Qilian basin and its relationship to gas hydrate
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摘要:
在南祁连盆地木里坳陷钻遇中国陆域第一例天然气水合物实物样品。通过对木里冻土区钻遇水合物区域（DK井区）第四纪沉积物及邻区湖相沉积物中可溶有机质开展有机地球化学分析，发现DK井区浅地表沉积物中明显存在热解成因的可溶有机质，而邻区老人湖湖相沉积物中可溶有机质以高等植物输入为主。与区内烃源岩对比，热解成因的可溶有机质主要来源于中侏罗世烃源岩，晚三叠世尕勒得寺组烃源岩也有一定的贡献。结合该区水合物气源研究成果，DK井区沉积物中可溶有机质与形成水合物的烃类气体可能属于同源，侏罗纪、三叠纪烃源岩热演化生成的烃类能够沿断裂、砂岩裂隙等通道向上运移或渗漏至浅地表，其中甲烷、重烃气等轻质组分能够在稳定带内与地层水结合形成天然气水合物。木里地区第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质的来源解析能够为天然气水合物的勘探提供新的视角。
Abstract:Muli depression in the South Qilian basin is an area where the first natural gas hydrate sample was drilled in land area in China.Organic geochemical analysis was carried out on the soluble organic matter in the Quaternary sediments in gas hydrate-drilled area (DK well area) as well as the Quaternary sediments in adjacent Laoren lake area in the Muli permafrost area.The results show that pyrogenic organic matter obviously exists in shallow surface sediment in the DK well area, while the soluble organic matter in the sediments of Laoren Lake is mainly derived from higher plants.Compared with the characteristics of source rocks in this area, the pyrogenic organic matter mainly comes from the Middle Jurassic source rock, and the Upper Triassic Galerdesi source rock also has a certain contribution.Combined with the research results of hydrate gas source in the study area, the pyrogenic organic matter in Quaternary sediments in the DK well area is probably homologous to hydrocarbon gases that form hydrates.Oil and gas generated by thermal evolution of deep source rocks migrate upward or leak to shallow surface along channels such as faults and sandstone fissures.The light components of methane and heavy hydrocarbon gas can combine with formation water to form gas hydrate in the stable zone.The research on the source of soluble organic matter in the Quaternary sediments in the Muli area can provide a new perspective for the exploration of gas hydrate.
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Keywords:
- Muli permafrost area /
- Quaternary sediment /
- soluble organic matter /
- thermal maturity /
- gas hydrate
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致谢: 感谢中国地质调查局物化探所方慧教授级高工在成文过程中给与的指导和帮助，感谢审稿专家提出的建设性修改意见和建议。
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图 2 木里冻土区第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质的正构烷烃分布
Figure 2. n-Alkane distributions of soluble organic matter in Quaternary sediments in the Muli permafrost area
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图 3 第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质姥植比(Pr/Ph)及碳优势指数(CPI)分布
Figure 3. Distribution of Pr/Ph and CPI of soluble organic matters in Quaternary sediments
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图 4 第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质Pr/C17-Ph/C18关系图
Figure 4. Correlation graph of Pr/C17-Ph/C18 of soluble organic matters in Quaternary sediments
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图 5 第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质甾烷/藿烷和αβ-C29/C30藿烷关系图
Figure 5. Correlation graph of sterane/hopane-αβ-C29/C30 hopane of soluble organic matters in Quaternary sediments
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图 6 第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质成熟度参数分布
Figure 6. Distribution of maturity parameters of soluble organic matters in Quaternary sediments
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图 7 第四纪沉积物中可溶有机质碳同位素分布
Figure 7. Distribution of carbon isotopes of soluble organic matters in Quaternary sediments
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表 1 木里地区第四纪沉积物样品特征
Table 1 Features of Quaternary sediment samples in Muli area
取样位置 样品编号 深度/cm 与冻土的关系 样品特征 DK3井 DK3-1 53 融冻层内 灰黄色细粒粘土 DK3井 DK3-2 80 融冻层内 灰黄色细粒粘土 DK3井 DK3-3 100 冻土层内 灰黄色细粒粘土 DK3井 DK3-4 129 冻土层内 灰黄色细粒粘土 DK3井 DK3-5 149 冻土层内 灰黄色细粒粘土 DK3井 DK3-6 180 冻土层内 灰黄色细粒沙土 DK6井 DK6 73 融冻层内 灰黑色细粒腐泥 DK9井 DK9-1 49 融冻层内 灰黄色细粒沙土 DK9井 DK9-2 97 融冻层内 灰黄色细粒沙土 老人湖 LR-1 66 融冻层内 黑色粘土，含植物根系 老人湖 LR-2 151 冻土层内 红褐色细粒粘土，含冰 老人湖 LR-3 210 冻土层内 红褐色细粒粘土，含冰 老人湖 LR-4 268 冻土层内 黑色细粒粘土，含冰 老人湖 LR-5 321 冻土层内 黑色细粒粘土，含冰 老人湖 LR-6 395 冻土层内 黑色细粒粘土，含冰 
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