LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the two phases of magmatism in the Xiuwacu W-Mo deposit, northwest Yunnan, and their implications for ore genesis
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摘要:
滇西北休瓦促矿区东、西部出露不同岩性的酸性侵入岩体，通过对2期岩浆作用成岩时代、地球化学特征的分析，结合前人研究成果探讨休瓦促矿床的成因。矿区东部黑云母花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果为214.9±1.3 Ma，西部花岗斑岩和二长花岗岩年龄分别为87.47±0.51 Ma和83.29±0.60 Ma；矿区获得的辉钼矿Re-Os年龄为82~86 Ma，与燕山晚期成岩年龄一致。地球化学特征分析显示，2期岩体表现出较一致的偏铝质-弱过铝质钾玄质系列特征，具有稀土元素右倾型配分模式，亏损高场强元素Nb、Sr、Zr、Hf，富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U。Y-Nb和Yb-Ta图解表明，2期酸性侵入岩显示出了不同的构造背景，晚三叠世岩体落入同碰撞花岗岩范围，晚白垩世岩体落入板内花岗岩范围。结合矿区地质特征及前人流体包裹体，S、Pb、锆石Hf同位素研究结果，认为休瓦促钨钼矿床成矿物质主要来源于晚白垩世加厚下地壳的部分熔融，矿区断裂-裂隙系统为含矿岩浆-热液向上运移提供了通道，含矿热液温度的降低和大气降水的混合作用，使成矿物质在构造薄弱地带沉淀形成矿体。
Abstract:Two phases of intrusive magmatism were developed in the Xiuwacu deposit, northwest Yunnan.This study focused on the geochronological and geochemical characteristics of these intrusive rocks so as to define the petrogenesis of the Xiuwacu deposit.The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that biotite granite from the east of Xiuwacu deposit was formed at 214.9±1.3 Ma, granite porphyry and monzogranite from the west of Xiuwacu deposit was formed at 87.47±0.51 Ma and 83.29±0.60 Ma.The results of the studies show that the molybdenite from the Xiuwacu deposit was formed at 82~86 Ma, corresponding to Late Yanshanian.The two phases of intrusions have similar geochemical characteristics, both belonging to the shoshonitic type and metaluminous to slight peraluminous series, with enrichment of LILE(Rb, Th, U)and depletion of HFSE(Nb, Sr, Zr, Hf).The Y-Nb and Yb-Ta discrimination diagrams indicate that the two phases of intrusions were formed in different tectonic environments.The Late Triassic intrusive rocks fall into the field of syn-collision granites while the Late Cretaceous intrusive rocks fall into the field of intra-plate granites.Based on comprehensive study with regional geology and acquired achievements in fluid inclusions, S and Pb isotopes as well as zircon Hf isotopes, the authors infer that the partial melting of thickened lower crust in the Late Cretaceous seems to have been the main metallogenic material source of the Xiuwacu deposit.The ore-bearing thermal fluid migrated along the fault-crack system in the Xiuwacu deposit, and then the W-Mo orebodies were formed at the favorable position along with the combined effect of both temperature decreasing and the mixing with meteoric water.
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Keywords:
- zircon U-Pb age /
- Late Cretaceous /
- Xiuwacu /
- W-Mo deposit
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致谢: 感谢李小波在野外工作和样品分析测试中给予的帮助，感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵意见。
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图 2 休瓦促钨钼矿区地质图(a)和剖面简图(b)[15]
Figure 2. Simplified geological map(a)and geological section(b)of the Xiuwacu W-Mo deposit
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图 3 休瓦促矿床黑云母花岗岩(XWC-1)、花岗斑岩(XWC-3)和二长花岗岩(XWC-6)锆石阴极发光(CL)图像
Figure 3. Zircon CL images of biotite granite, granite porphyry and monzonitic granite in the Xiuwacu deposit
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图 4 休瓦促黑云母花岗岩(a)、花岗斑岩(b)和二长花岗岩(c)锆石U-Pb年龄谐和图
Figure 4. Zircons U-Pb concordia diagrams for biotite granite(a), granite porphyry(b)and monzonitic granite(c)in the Xiuwacu deposit
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图 6 休瓦促矿区稀土元素球粒陨石标准化(a)和微量元素原始地幔标准化图(b)
Figure 6. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a)and primitive mantle-normalized trace element diagram(b) of the Xiuwacu deposit
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图 7 休瓦促钨钼矿区Nb-Y(a)和Ta-Yb(b)图解
ORG—洋脊花岗岩; WPG—板内花岗岩; VAG—火山弧花岗岩; syn-COLG—同碰撞花岗岩
Figure 7. Diagrams of Y-Nb(a)and Yb-Ta(b)in the Xiuwacu W-Mo deposit
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表 1 休瓦促矿床黑云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩、二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb分析结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb analytical data for biotite granite, granite porphyry and monzonitic granite in the Xiuwacu deposit
测点号 Th
/10-6U
/10-6Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ XWC-1晚三叠世黑云母花岗岩 1 329 1762 0.19 0.0508 0.0013 0.2394 0.0064 0.0338 0.0003 227.8 59.3 217.9 5.3 214.2 1.8 2 436 2376 0.18 0.0503 0.0012 0.2346 0.0056 0.0336 0.0003 209.3 55.5 214.0 4.6 212.9 1.7 3 1090 6358 0.17 0.0506 0.0010 0.2351 0.0049 0.0333 0.0003 233.4 38.0 214.4 4.0 211.2 1.8 4 351 1797 0.20 0.0497 0.0017 0.2305 0.0081 0.0333 0.0003 189.0 79.6 210.6 6.7 211.4 1.7 5 943 5501 0.17 0.0517 0.0009 0.2424 0.0044 0.0336 0.0002 272.3 45.4 220.4 3.6 213.0 1.4 6 474 2536 0.19 0.0509 0.0012 0.2400 0.0055 0.0341 0.0004 235.3 49.1 218.4 4.5 215.9 2.3 7 503 2669 0.19 0.0517 0.0011 0.2430 0.0058 0.0338 0.0003 333.4 48.1 220.9 4.4 214.5 1.8 8 2128 13068 0.16 0.0526 0.0010 0.2444 0.0045 0.0334 0.0002 322.3 10.2 222.0 3.7 211.5 1.1 9 472 2416 0.20 0.0528 0.0010 0.2496 0.0054 0.0341 0.0003 320.4 46.3 226.3 4.4 215.8 2.1 10 355 1853 0.19 0.0533 0.0014 0.2462 0.0062 0.0333 0.0002 342.7 57.4 223.4 5.0 211.4 1.3 11 331 1733 0.19 0.0493 0.0015 0.2367 0.0076 0.0345 0.0003 164.9 65.7 215.7 6.2 218.6 1.8 12 1092 6266 0.17 0.0497 0.0008 0.2302 0.0048 0.0333 0.0005 183.4 37.0 210.3 3.9 211.4 2.9 13 510 2884 0.18 0.0484 0.0012 0.2305 0.0061 0.0344 0.0004 120.5 59.3 210.6 5.0 218.3 2.3 14 527 2703 0.20 0.0518 0.0010 0.2489 0.0057 0.0346 0.0004 276.0 44.4 225.6 4.6 219.4 2.3 15 553 2894 0.19 0.0483 0.0012 0.2296 0.0063 0.0343 0.0004 122.3 61.1 209.8 5.2 217.2 2.2 16 255 1338 0.19 0.0489 0.0017 0.2342 0.0085 0.0346 0.0004 146.4 86.1 213.6 7.0 219.3 2.2 17 753 4273 0.18 0.0477 0.0011 0.2236 0.0054 0.0339 0.0003 83.4 86.1 204.9 4.5 214.7 1.6 18 394 2037 0.19 0.0496 0.0013 0.2383 0.0065 0.0347 0.0004 176.0 59.2 217.0 5.3 219.6 2.2 19 592 3107 0.19 0.0512 0.0012 0.2401 0.0056 0.0339 0.0003 255.6 53.7 218.5 4.6 215.0 1.8 20 545 2773 0.20 0.0479 0.0011 0.2290 0.0053 0.0346 0.0003 100.1 53.7 209.4 4.4 219.0 1.8 21 1079 7128 0.15 0.0479 0.0012 0.2278 0.0054 0.0344 0.0003 100.1 57.4 208.4 4.5 218.1 1.9 22 342 1819 0.19 0.0515 0.0030 0.2310 0.0140 0.0342 0.0005 261.2 131.5 218.4 11.5 217.0 3.1 23 484 2641 0.18 0.0478 0.0014 0.2275 0.0064 0.0345 0.0004 87.1 66.7 208.1 5.3 218.4 2.2 24 327 1698 0.19 0.0493 0.0017 0.2356 0.0080 0.0345 0.0004 164.9 81.5 214.8 6.6 218.6 2.4 XWC-3晚白垩世花岗斑岩 1 902 1501 0.60 0.0497 0.0056 0.0945 0.0112 0.0137 0.0003 183.4 244.4 91.7 10.4 87.5 1.9 2 1056 1733 0.61 0.0496 0.0029 0.0919 0.0053 0.0136 0.0002 176.0 137.0 89.3 4.9 87.0 1.1 3 999 1647 0.61 0.0508 0.0035 0.0951 0.0063 0.0137 0.0002 231.6 159.2 92.3 5.9 87.9 1.2 4 1923 4082 0.47 0.0503 0.0020 0.0958 0.0037 0.0138 0.0002 209.3 88.0 92.9 3.4 88.5 1.0 5 2982 8781 0.34 0.0484 0.0020 0.0909 0.0038 0.0134 0.0001 116.8 98.1 88.3 3.5 86.0 0.8 6 10435 11799 0.88 0.0480 0.0015 0.0898 0.0028 0.0135 0.0002 101.9 69.4 87.3 2.6 86.1 0.9 7 1991 5066 0.39 0.0485 0.0021 0.0925 0.0039 0.0137 0.0002 124.2 106.5 89.8 3.6 87.5 1.0 8 1548 2397 0.65 0.0486 0.0030 0.0897 0.0052 0.0135 0.0002 127.9 137.0 87.2 4.8 86.7 1.1 9 689 1285 0.54 0.0464 0.0032 0.0886 0.0062 0.0136 0.0002 16.8 159.2 86.2 5.8 87.2 1.3 10 2469 1684 1.47 0.0491 0.0028 0.0933 0.0055 0.0136 0.0002 150.1 135.2 90.6 5.1 86.7 1.1 11 586 1179 0.50 0.0473 0.0038 0.0877 0.0072 0.0135 0.0002 64.9 190.7 85.4 6.7 86.3 1.4 12 2458 7651 0.32 0.0497 0.0030 0.0951 0.0024 0.0138 0.0001 189.0 61.1 92.2 2.2 88.3 0.8 13 897 1245 0.72 0.0480 0.0040 0.0936 0.0082 0.0138 0.0002 101.9 185.2 90.9 7.6 88.1 1.3 14 814 1195 0.68 0.0487 0.0037 0.0919 0.0064 0.0136 0.0002 200.1 94.4 89.3 6.0 87.1 1.1 15 1666 1745 0.95 0.0499 0.0025 0.0947 0.0050 0.0137 0.0003 190.8 112.0 91.8 4.6 87.5 1.6 16 1652 2920 0.57 0.0502 0.0025 0.0976 0.0053 0.0140 0.0002 211.2 119.4 94.5 4.9 89.3 1.2 17 1684 1905 0.88 0.0513 0.0030 0.0965 0.0056 0.0140 0.0002 253.8 133.3 93.5 5.2 89.2 1.1 18 3211 3580 0.90 0.0496 0.0017 0.0933 0.0029 0.0138 0.0002 172.3 77.8 90.6 2.6 88.1 1.2 19 619 1161 0.53 0.0487 0.0039 0.0916 0.0076 0.0138 0.0003 131.6 177.8 89.0 7.0 88.6 1.6 XWC-6晚白垩世二长花岗岩 1 1345 2092 0.64 0.0481 0.0024 0.0860 0.0042 0.0131 0.0002 101.9 114.8 83.8 3.9 84.1 1.0 2 2662 20870 0.13 0.0462 0.0007 0.0820 0.0014 0.0128 0.0001 400.1 357.4 80.0 1.3 82.1 0.6 3 837 1669 0.50 0.0469 0.0026 0.0842 0.0047 0.0132 0.0002 42.7 125.9 82.1 4.4 84.7 1.3 4 1136 1502 0.76 0.0485 0.0030 0.0861 0.0051 0.0132 0.0002 124.2 137.0 83.8 4.8 84.8 1.3 5 3194 5820 0.55 0.0484 0.0019 0.0867 0.0037 0.0129 0.0002 120.5 89.8 84.4 3.5 82.7 1.0 6 6693 14811 0.45 0.0500 0.0013 0.0889 0.0026 0.0128 0.0001 194.5 61.1 86.4 2.4 82.1 0.7 7 1318 2218 0.59 0.0489 0.0027 0.0840 0.0048 0.0125 0.0001 142.7 129.6 81.9 4.5 80.1 0.9 8 1904 3171 0.60 0.0502 0.0023 0.0903 0.0040 0.0134 0.0002 211.2 102.8 87.8 3.7 85.5 1.2 9 1016 2061 0.49 0.0481 0.0025 0.0893 0.0048 0.0135 0.0002 101.9 118.5 86.9 4.4 86.1 1.2 10 1365 3107 0.44 0.0501 0.0024 0.0884 0.0041 0.0130 0.0002 198.2 112.9 86.0 3.8 82.9 0.9 11 2097 7081 0.30 0.0502 0.0017 0.0902 0.0035 0.0130 0.0002 211.2 81.5 87.7 3.3 83.1 1.3 12 1643 1403 1.17 0.0493 0.0038 0.0884 0.0070 0.0132 0.0002 161.2 170.3 86.0 6.6 84.3 1.3 13 2003 5259 0.38 0.0499 0.0025 0.0862 0.0045 0.0126 0.0002 190.8 112.0 84.0 4.2 80.7 1.1 14 3627 14323 0.25 0.0505 0.0012 0.0915 0.0022 0.0131 0.0001 216.7 52.8 88.9 2.0 83.7 0.6 15 1618 10302 0.16 0.0515 0.0013 0.0919 0.0024 0.0129 0.0001 261.2 54.6 89.3 2.3 82.3 0.9 16 1162 2665 0.44 0.0462 0.0028 0.0843 0.0055 0.0132 0.0002 9.4 140.7 82.2 5.1 84.5 1.0 17 4102 8690 0.47 0.0480 0.0012 0.0870 0.0022 0.0131 0.0001 98.2 63.9 84.7 2.1 84.0 0.8 
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表 2 休瓦促钨钼矿床岩体主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2 Analyses of major, trace elements and REE of granite in the Xiuwacu Mo-W deposit
样品号 15XWC-2 15XWC-3 15XWC-4 15XWC-5 15XWC-6 15XWC-7 15XWC-8 岩性 黑云母花岗岩 矿化花岗斑岩 二长花岗岩 SiO2 70.59 78.71 78.68 77.62 74.46 74.63 73.66 TiO2 0.34 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.22 0.2 0.12 Al2O3 13.98 12.3 11.7 12.01 12.95 13.02 14.14 Fe2O3 2.65 1.18 1.1 1.22 1.89 1.68 0.98 MnO 0.057 0.02 0.022 0.032 0.047 0.042 0.027 MgO 1.11 0.067 0.064 0.061 0.25 0.23 0.14 CaO 2.67 0.07 0.094 0.38 1.13 1.07 1.04 Na2O 3.07 0.023 2.63 3.14 3.08 3.28 K2O 4.35 4.48 4.38 5.28 4.92 5.1 5.8 P2O5 0.16 0.023 0.027 0.026 0.066 0.056 0.038 烧失量 0.87 3.02 3.07 0.61 0.87 0.83 0.71 总计 99.85 100.00 99.27 100.00 99.94 99.94 99.94 V 53.83 62.8 6.061 5.777 11.47 10.45 6.803 Cr 14.93 11 4.813 2.844 5.352 5.944 13.01 Co 5.274 5.848 1.033 1.041 1.692 1.617 0.898 Ni 9.415 7.006 1.035 0.893 2.188 2.192 1.275 Cu 14.36 33.34 12.73 29.33 3.942 4.291 4.125 Zn 32.32 37.54 24.8 22.59 30.33 27.84 18.75 Ti 2101.6 2261 731.2 736.8 1342.8 1256.5 661.8 Mn 425.8 471.5 228 151 360.5 333.1 213.9 Ga 15.71 15.83 19.74 17.89 19.59 20.28 18.11 Ge 1.702 1.738 1.705 1.518 1.779 1.845 1.244 Rb 186.1 173.5 446.7 401.7 405.8 434.3 404.1 Sr 590.6 559.7 40.18 32.65 130.7 136.9 146.6 Zr 132 164.6 116.7 124.5 182.2 175.7 27.78 Nb 20.78 23.53 89.91 67.85 66.57 66.16 36.34 Cs 8.332 7.317 11.79 12.58 9.738 10.33 7.835 Ba 909.7 763.9 107.7 96.65 305.9 334.9 407 Hf 4.046 5.32 5.374 5.367 5.912 5.499 1.2 Ta 1.577 1.717 14.72 11.34 6.752 7.449 4.899 Pb 34.85 28.61 67.46 35.03 50.01 32.55 43.85 Th 23.94 23.44 46 47.03 48.72 50.55 26.9 U 6.948 7.038 25.69 22.97 13.25 16.48 7.926 La 39.09 41.46 29.7 30.49 51.33 56.74 31.36 Ce 70.08 74.82 55.48 57.82 90.7 98.96 53.68 Pr 7.581 8.154 6.206 6.242 9.21 9.907 5.806 Nd 26.28 27.36 20.5 19.76 29.07 30.43 18.21 Sm 4.408 4.377 4.236 3.655 5.107 4.868 3.401 Eu 0.997 0.924 0.269 0.239 0.556 0.563 0.627 Gd 3.644 3.634 4.013 3.161 4.523 4.256 2.975 Tb 0.471 0.483 0.726 0.525 0.677 0.626 0.477 Dy 2.606 2.633 4.633 3.271 3.96 3.507 2.702 Ho 0.523 0.537 1.001 0.695 0.804 0.735 0.561 Er 1.502 1.57 3.274 2.24 2.441 2.173 1.628 Tm 0.238 0.256 0.587 0.394 0.39 0.341 0.262 Yb 1.622 1.796 4.234 2.864 2.723 2.493 1.776 Lu 0.261 0.296 0.692 0.46 0.429 0.384 0.282 Sc 6.719 6.969 1.89 1.427 2.791 2.626 2.144 Y 15.92 16.57 33.2 23.52 26.46 23.95 17.92 ΕREE 181.94 191.84 170.64 156.76 231.17 242.56 143.81 (La/Yb)N 17.29 16.56 5.03 7.64 13.52 16.33 12.67 LREE/
HREE13.66 14.02 6.07 8.69 11.66 13.88 10.61 注：主量元素含量单位为%, 微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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