Cenozoic tectonic units and their stratigraphic characteristics of southern west Pacific region: Implication for Himalayan orogeny
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摘要:
系统梳理西太平洋南段(包括华南、日本、菲律宾及东印度尼西亚)部分地区的新生代构造-地层特征,并以区域性角度不整合为主要依据,对喜马拉雅运动期次、时代及其构造背景进行探讨。研究区受白垩纪末期晚燕山运动的影响,古新统乃至下始新统大都缺失,新生界高角度不整合于前新生界之上。根据不同构造单元内地层沉积-火山类型及接触关系对比,研究区新生界可分为3个构造层,即始新统—渐新统、中新统或上渐新统—中新统及上新统以上。上述3个构造层之间为2个穿时的区域性角度不整合分隔,分别对应早喜马拉雅造山运动(33~20 Ma)及晚喜马拉雅造山运动(5.3~2.6 Ma)界面,并以前者最强烈。区域2次构造运动均与岛弧或裂离微地块向欧亚板块边缘的碰撞拼贴有关,指示西太平洋南段喜马拉雅运动是发生于大陆边缘的增生造山过程,受控于太平洋板块和印度洋-澳大利亚板块运动方向与速率变化。在2次构造事件期间,始新世和中新世弧后的强烈伸展,导致华南大陆边缘古老山系的夷平及边缘海的产生,并最终形成现今的地质及地理格局。
Abstract:In this paper, based on the study of tectono-stratigraphic characteristics of some representative tectonic units of southern Western Pacific region which include South China, Southwest Japan, Philippines, and East Indonesia, the authors present a review of the age, periods and background of Himalayan orogeny.Within the study region, after the late Yanshanian orogeny, most of regions were uplifted with the absence of Paleocene to lower Eocene strata.Cenozoic strata generally cover the pre-Cenozoic basement in angular unconformity form.According to stratigraphic and volcano-sedimentary characteristics of different tectonic units, they can be divided into three structural layers, i.e., Eocene or Eocene-Lower Oligocene(E2 or E2-E31), Miocene or Upper Oligocene-lowest Miocene(N1/E3-N11)and Pliocene till now(N2-Q).The above three structural layers are in contact with two regional angular unconformities, and correspond to the early Himalayan orogeny(E3-N11, 33~20 Ma)and the late Himalayan orogeny(N2, 5.3~2.6 Ma), respectively, with he former being most intense.In different regions, both orogenic movements were usually related to the collision of arcs or detached micro-terranes towards the edge of the Eurasian plate.Obviously, Himalayan orogeny was accretionary orogenesis rather than collision between two continents, and was controlled by changes in the direction and rate of movement of the Pacific and Indian Ocean-Australian plates.Between the episodic tectonic events, it was an intensive extensional setting, which led to the flattening of the palaeocathysian mountain system and the opening of the marginal seas.
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Keywords:
- Cenozoic /
- Himalayan orogeny /
- tectono-stratigraphic /
- southern West Pacific
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致谢: 感谢中国地质科学院地质力学研究所胡健民教授对本文提出的宝贵意见。本研究是在中国地质科学院地质研究所任舜院士领导下开展的,本文论述的太平洋区域大地构造格局及演化过程参考了任纪舜院士关于亚洲大地构造演化格局的报告,在此深表谢意。
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图 2 西南日本地质图(A,据参考文献①修改)及构造单元简图(B, 据参考文献[24]修改)
MTL—中央构造线; ATL—Aki构造线; ISTL—丝鱼川-静冈构造线; AK—秋吉带(P);CB—秩父带(J);CZ—智头带;HD—飞弹带(Pz);HG—飞弹边缘带(Pz); Hig—肥后带:黑濑川带; MT—美浓-丹波带(J);MZ—舞鹤带(P);NR—长门-莲华带; OE—Oeyama蛇绿岩(O-S); OK—隐岐带(Pt-Pz); RK—领家带(K1); SB—三波川带(SB1—中白垩世亚带; SB2—晚白垩世亚带); SM—四万十带(K-N); SO—周防带(T-J)
Figure 2. Geological map of Southwest Japan
图 3 西南日本新生代综合地层柱状图
(地层层序据日本地质调查所1:5万~1:20万地质图及其说明书(https://gbank.gsj.jp/geonavi/)及参考文献[25, 32-34])
Figure 3. Tectono-stratigraphic columns of southwest Japan
图 4 菲律宾地质图及大地构造简图(A, 据参考文献①修改)及大地构造简图(B)
Figure 4. Geological map(A)and schematic tectonic map(B)of the Philippines
图 6 爪哇地区地质简图(据参考文献①修改)
Figure 6. Geological map of Java Island
图 11 华南及邻区新生代地层柱状简图
(数字①②分别代表早、晚喜马拉雅运动界面,蓝色点代表燕山运动界面,西南日本部分数据来源同图 3)
Figure 11. Schematic Cenozoic stratigraphic columns of South China and adjacent regions
表 1 华南邻区新生代大地构造单元划分
Table 1 Tectonic units of the adjacent regions of South China
一级构造单元 二级构造单元 三级构造单元 Ⅰ 西太平洋弧盆系 Ⅰ-1 日本岛弧 Ⅰ-1-1
Ⅰ-1-2
Ⅰ-1-3
Ⅰ-1-4西南日本外带
西南日本内带
东北日本岛弧
千岛岛弧Ⅰ-2 台湾-菲律宾岛弧 Ⅰ-2-1
Ⅰ-2-2奇美火山弧
菲律宾岛弧Ⅰ-3 巴拉望-三宝颜陆块 Ⅰ-3-1
Ⅰ-3-2巴拉望陆块
三宝颜陆块Ⅰ-4
Ⅰ-5
Ⅰ-6伊里安-新几内亚陆缘增生带
伊豆-小笠原岛弧
哈马黑拉岛弧Ⅱ 东印度尼西亚弧盆系 Ⅱ-1 爪哇-班达岛弧 Ⅱ-I-1
Ⅱ-I-2爪哇岛弧
班达岛弧Ⅱ-2 东苏拉威西造山带 Ⅱ-3 苏拉威西岛弧 Ⅱ-3-1
Ⅱ-3-2西苏拉威西岛弧
北苏拉威西岛弧Ⅱ-4 松巴地块 Ⅲ 澳大利亚陆缘造山带 Ⅲ-1
Ⅲ-2
Ⅲ-3帝汶-布鲁造山带
苏拉地块
新几内亚褶皱带 -
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