Abstract: Deep Earth exploration is an important approach to understanding deep structure, material composition and evolution of the Earth.The United States is a relatively advanced country in the world in the aspect of deep exploration of the Earth.In order to fully understand the development level and the gap between China and the United States in the field of deep exploration of the Earth, the authors first introduced projects for the development of deep Earth exploration in China and the United States, and then conducted detailed comparative analysis and research on the deep exploration work of China and the United States.The results show that, in China, the level of seismic detection is relatively shallow, the detection accuracy is relatively low, the quantity of experimental data is relatively small, the capital investment is relatively low, and hence there is a significant gap of overall exploration level between the two countries.However, the intensity of deep exploration work in China is constantly increasing, and it has gradually formed its own advantages in geochemistry, magnetotelluric measurement and scientific drilling.Based on the analysis and comparisonof the progress of the deep exploration of the Earth in China and the United States, the authors propose to increase the intensity of deep seismic exploration, increase the number of scientific drilling, and establish a separate field observation and data management base.