Abstract: The evaluation of carrying capacity of resources and environment is the basis for the spatial planning of national land and usage control, and hence is receiving more and more attention from the government. On the basis of research practice in long-term carrying capacity of resources and environment, the authors chose the natural resource environment system and its relationship with the social economic system as the main research object, proposed the "resource and environment bearing coordination theory", and then initially established the evaluation techniques and methods of resource and environmental carrying capacity at different spatial scales, After that, the authors constructed the background, status and carrying capacity evaluation indicators system of geological environment, water and soil environment, groundwater resources, mineral resources, geotliermal resources, geological heritage resources and other types of geological resources and environmental. Finally, the authors further standarciized the evaluation process of resources and environmental carrying capacity at different scales. These results provide powerful technical support for the orderly promotion of geological resources and environmental carrying capacity evaluation of natural units and administrative units at national, regional and county scales.