Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope geochemical characteristics of the Qixiashan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Jiangsu Province, and their indication significance
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摘要:
以栖霞山铅锌多金属矿床深部找矿钻孔岩心为对象，开展碳-氧-锶同位素地球化学研究。结果表明，栖霞山矿床矿石样品δ13CV-PDB同位素值为-5.1‰~1.9‰，且由浅部至深部，矿石样品的δ13C、δ18O值处于增大的趋势，指示成矿流体中的碳起源于碳酸盐岩、源自地幔和岩浆的深源碳。对锶同位素的研究显示，栖霞山矿石87Sr/86Sr值为0.704816~0.71405，部分大于矿体围岩黄龙组灰岩的87Sr/86Sr值（0.708329~0.709685），部分小于矿体围岩黄龙组灰岩的87Sr/86Sr值，并与不同来源的Sr同位素对比，揭示栖霞山矿石中Sr兼具基底地层Sr和幔源Sr的混合来源特征，且在围岩蚀变过程中87Sr/86Sr的变化应主要由成矿流体引起。结合本区成矿地质特征认为，栖霞山矿床成矿流体可能来自花岗岩的期后热液，在热动力作用下，流经元古宇基底地层，形成具有混合物质来源的成矿流体，成矿作用过程主要为成矿流体与围岩碳酸盐岩发生水-岩反应所致。
Abstract:In this paper, the authors carried out the study of the carbon-oxygen-strontium isotope geochemistry of the samples from deep holes during the mineral prospecting work in the Qixiashan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit. The results show that the δ13CV-PDB values for ore samples from the Qixiashan deposit vary from -5.1‰ to 1.9‰. From the shallow part downward, the δ13C and δ18O values of ore samples are in an increasing trend, which indicates that the carbon in the ore-forming fluids originated from the carbonate rocks and from the deep source of carbon in the mantle and magma. In the study of strontium isotope, the 87Sr/86Sr values of ore samples from the Qixiashan deposit vary from 0.704816 to 0.71405; a part is larger than the 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.708329~0.709685) for limestone of the Huanglong strata, which is the surrounding rock of the orebodies, whereas the other part is less than 87Sr/86Sr ratios for limestone of the Huanglong strata. A comparison of the strontium isotopic compositions of different sources reveals that the strontium from the Qixiashan deposit has the characteristics of the mixed sources, i.e., the strontium of Proterozoic basement strata and the mantle source; the change of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the surrounding rock alteration should be mainly caused by the ore-forming fluid, and the change of 87Sr/86Sr ratios in the process of wall rock alteration should be mainly caused by the ore-forming fluid. A comprehensive analysis of regional metallogenic geological characteristics shows that the ore-forming fluid in the Qixiashan deposit might have come from the granite hydrothermal period, and by the influence of thermal power, the ore-forming fluid flowed through the Proterozoic basement strata, forming the ore-forming fluid with mixed material sources. The mineralization process of the Qixiashan deposit was mainly caused by the fluid-rock reaction between the ore-forming fluid and the surrounding rock.
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致谢: 成文过程中得到中国地质调查局发展研究中心姚晓峰、甄世民、杜泽忠博士，全球矿产资源战略研究中心李以科博士及中国地质科学院水环所甄世军工程师、中国地质大学（北京）姚翔博士，华东有色地质矿产勘查开发院叶水泉、桂长杰总工程师等、南京银茂铅锌矿业有限公司熊东全高级工程师等的大力帮助，在此一并表示诚挚感谢。
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图 2 栖霞山矿区地质简图（A，据参考文献[9]修改）、栖霞山矿区虎爪山矿段地质平面图（B，据参考文献②修改）和虎爪山矿段联合剖面示意图（C，图例描述具体参考前文地层描述部分）
1—第四系；2—侏罗系火山岩；3—象山群；4—孤峰组；5—栖霞组第三段；6—栖霞组第二段；7—栖霞组第一段；8—船山组；9—黄龙组；10—和州组；11—高丽山组；12—金陵组；13—五通组第四段；14—五通组第三段；15—五通组第二段；16—五通组第一段；17—坟头组；18—构造角砾岩及破碎带；19—铁锰帽；20—实测断层及编号；21—推测断层及编号；22—勘探线及编号；23—铅锌矿体；24—黄铁矿体；25—锰矿体
Figure 2. Geological map of the Qixiashan deposit (A), geological plan view of Huzhuashan ore block (B) and schematic diagram of joint profile in Huzhuashan ore block (C)
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图版Ⅰ
A.块状构造；B.角砾状构造；C.网脉状构造；D.镶嵌结构；E.交代结构；F.乳滴状结构。Py—黄铁矿；Sp—闪锌矿；Gn—方铅矿；Ccp—黄铜矿；Qz—石英；Cal—方解石
图版Ⅰ.
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图 6 KK4603钻孔矿体段样品碳和氧同位素地球化学变化趋势
Figure 6. Geochemical variation trends of carbon and oxygen isotopes from deep hole KK4603
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图 8 栖霞山矿床矿石相关灰岩87Sr/86Sr值变化趋势
Figure 8. Variation trend of 87Sr/86Sr ratio of limestones in the Qixiashan deposit
表 1 栖霞山矿床KK4603钻孔样品C-O-Sr同位素测试结果
Table 1 Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotopes analytical result from deep hole KK4603 in the Qixiashan deposit
样品编号 采样位置 岩性 层位 δ13CV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-PDB/‰ δ18OV-SMOW/‰ 87Sr/86Sr 标准误差 QXP1-1 KK4603 0-20m 灰岩 C2h -1.7 -19.1 11.2 0.709399 0.000013 QXP1-2 KK4603 20-40m 灰岩 C2h 1.2 -10.8 19.8 0.708490 0.000009 QXP1-3 KK4603 40-60m 灰岩 C2h 0.9 -12 18.6 0.708562 0.000009 QXP1-4 KK4603 60-80m 灰岩 C2h -0.5 -16.3 14.1 0.708857 0.000019 QXP1-5 KK4603 80-100m 灰岩 C2h 2.1 -17.9 12.5 0.708329 0.000010 QXP1-6 KK4603 100-120m 灰岩 C2h 1.9 -18.7 11.6 0.708638 0.000017 QXP1-7 KK4603 120-147m 灰岩 C2h 2.3 -17.2 13.2 0.708352 0.000016 QXP1-8 KK4603 147-152m 铅锌矿石 C2h -4.4 -23.2 7 0.709514 0.000019 QXP1-9 KK4603 152-157m 铅锌矿石 C2h -5 -21.7 8.5 0.710061 0.000014 QXP1-10 KK4603 157-161m 铅锌矿石 C2h -2.7 -17.7 12.7 0.710086 0.000013 QXP1-11 KK4603 161-164m 褪色灰岩 C2h -1.7 -19.8 10.5 0.709372 0.000010 QXP1-12 KK4603 164-171m 黄铁矿石 C2h -4.3 -21.2 9.1 0.711351 0.000021 QXP1-13 KK4603 171-175m 黄铁矿化灰岩 C2h -0.4 -19 11.3 0.709685 0.000009 QXP1-14 KK4603 175-188m 灰岩 C2h -0.8 -18.9 11.4 0.708630 0.000009 QXP1-15 KK4603 188-192m 黄铁矿化灰岩 C2h -3.8 -19.4 10.9 0.710163 0.000011 QXP1-16 KK4603 192-198m 铅锌矿石 C2h -3.7 -18 12.3 0.710466 0.000018 QXP1-17 KK4603 198-214m 铅锌矿石 C2h -4.1 -20.7 9.5 0.710109 0.000011 QXP1-18 KK4603 214-217m 锰矿石 C2h -5.1 -21.3 8.9 0.709602 0.000025 QXP1-19 KK4603 217-220m 锰矿石 C2h -4.9 -18.2 12.2 0.709220 0.000013 QXP1-20 KK4603 220-226m 铅锌矿石 C2h -4.4 -16.7 13.6 0.710137 0.000015 QXP1-21 KK4603 226-236m 铅锌矿石 C2h -2.6 -12.9 17.6 0.710063 0.000020 QXP1-22 KK4603 236-243m 铅锌矿石 C2h -4.8 -18.9 11.4 0.710197 0.000011 QXP1-23 KK4603 243-255m 铅锌矿石 C2h -1.6 -15 15.5 0.708748 0.000009 QXP1-24 KK4603 255-267m 铅锌矿石 C2h 1.3 -15.5 14.9 0.709528 0.000013 QXP1-25 KK4603 267-276m 褪色灰岩 C2h -0.7 -17.1 13.3 0.708606 0.000013 QXP1-26 KK4603 276-285m 铅锌矿石(接触带) C2h -3.5 -20.9 9.4 0.709737 0.000011 QXP1-27 KK4603 285-297m 铅锌矿石 C2h -0.2 -15.6 14.9 0.709823 0.000013 QXP1-28 KK4603 297-310m 铅锌矿石 C2h -0.7 -15.5 15 0.708459 0.000016 QXP1-29 KK4603 310-320m 角砾状含矿灰岩 C2h -1.6 -16.2 14.2 0.709526 0.000021 QXP1-30 KK4603 320-323m 角砾状含矿灰岩 C2h -2.1 -19.3 11 0.709806 0.000011 QXP1-31 KK4603 323-327m 黄铁矿石 C2h -0.6 -15.4 15 0.712917 0.000012 QXP1-32 KK4603 327-334m 铅锌矿石 C2h 1.9 -13.1 17.3 0.713207 0.000014 QXP1-33 KK4603 334-342m 铅锌矿石 C2h -1.8 -11 19.6 0.705725 0.000010 QXP1-34 KK4603 342-354m 铅锌矿石 C2h -0.7 -15.6 14.8 0.71178 0.000011 QXP1-35 KK4603 354-366m 铅锌矿石 C2h 1 -13.5 17 0.704816 0.000016 QXP1-36 KK4603 366-376m 铅锌矿石 C2h -0.2 -14.6 15.9 0.705199 0.000013 QXP1-37 KK4603 376-385m 铅锌矿石 C2h -0.4 -15.4 15 0.705744 0.000012 QXP1-38 KK4603 385-389m 黄铁矿石 C2h -0.3 -15.1 15.4 0.714050 0.000009 QXP1-39 KK4603 389-403m 泥质粉砂岩 C1g — — — 0.762018 0.000015 QXP1-40 KK4603 403-417m 泥质粉砂岩 C1g — — — 0.753588 0.000014 QXP1-41 KK4603 417-424m 细砂岩 C1g — — — 0.764320 0.000017 注：地层代号同图 3 
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