Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemistry of volcanic rocks in the Nie'er Co-Laguo Co area of the western Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone
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摘要:
对出露于班公湖-怒江缝合带西段聂尔错和拉果错地区的火山岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学测试，旨在查明该区火山岩的形成时代、岩石成因及构造环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示，聂尔错地区流纹岩及拉果错地区英安岩分别形成于112.5Ma和112.3Ma，与区域上大规模展布的早白垩世岩浆作用时代一致。全岩主量、微量元素特征显示，英安岩与流纹岩样品均属于钙碱性系列，且明显富集Th、U，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。地球化学特征指示英安岩起源于增厚的下地壳部分熔融，而流纹岩是下地壳熔体经历广泛结晶分异作用的产物。研究认为，西藏中部早白垩世晚期大规模岩浆作用形成于碰撞后伸展背景，其深部动力学机制可能与北向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋壳的板片断离有关。
Abstract:In order to ascertain the formation age, rock genesis and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in the Nie'er Co and Laguo Co areas of the western Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone, the authors mainly carried out zircon U-Pb dating and petrogeochemical analysis of volcanic rocks. The zircon U-Pb dating results show that the rhyolites in the Nie'er Co area were formed at 112.5Ma, and the dacite in the Laguo Co area was formed at 112.3Ma, respectively, consistent with the age of the magmatism extensively distributed in the study area. The characteristics of the main trace elements of the whole rock show that both the dacite and rhyolite samples belong to the calc-alkaline series, and are obviously enriched in Th, U, and depleted in high field strength elements such as Nb, Ta and Ti. Geochemical characteristics indicate that the dacite originated from the partial melting of the thickened lower crust, whereas rhyolite was formed by the extensive crystallization differentiation of the lower crust melts. The authors hold that the largescale magmatism in the late Early Cretaceous in central Tibet formed a background after collision, and the deep dynamic mechanism was probably related to the slab break-off of the northward subduction of Bangong Co-Nujiang oceanic floor.
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致谢: 感谢自然资源部沉积盆地与油气资源重点实验室、中国地质大学（武汉）地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室（GPMR）及西南冶金地质测试中心等测试单位的老师在样品分析过程中给予的帮助，感谢青岛海洋地质研究所吴浩博士和吉林大学范建军副教授、杨浩博士在成文过程中给予的热情指导，感谢审稿专家提出的宝贵修改意见和建议。
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图 1 青藏高原构造纲要图（a）和革吉县聂尔错地区（b）、改则县拉果错地区地质简图（c）
Figure 1. Tectonic outline of the Tibetan Plateau (a), and the simplified geological maps of the Nie'er Co area (b) and the Laguo Co area (c)
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图 2 英安岩（a）与流纹岩（b）样品显微镜下照片
Q—石英；Pl—斜长石；Bt—黑云母
Figure 2. Petrographic photographs of dacite (a) and rhyolite (b)
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图 3 KZL-003代表性锆石阴极发光图像（a）及锆石U-Pb谐和图（b）
Figure 3. Cathodoluminescence images of zircon grains(a)and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams (b)of sample KZL-003
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图 4 2148TW代表性锆石阴极发光图像（a）及锆石U-Pb谐和图（b）
Figure 4. Cathodoluminescence images of zircon grains(a)and zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams(b) of sample 2148TW
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表 1 流纹质凝灰岩（KZL-003）与英安岩（2148TW）样品LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb测年结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb data for rhyolite tuff (KZL-003) and dacite (2148TW)
样品编号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ KZL-003-1 419 427 0.98 0.0516 0.0043 0.124 0.009 0.0175 0.0004 333 193 118 8 112 2 KZL-003-2 165 241 0.68 0.0587 0.0070 0.137 0.011 0.0186 0.0004 554 261 130 10 119 3 KZL-003-3 344 406 0.85 0.0511 0.0042 0.110 0.009 0.0163 0.0004 256 195 106 8 104 2 KZL-003-4 303 348 0.87 0.0489 0.0051 0.113 0.011 0.0172 0.0004 143 230 108 10 110 3 KZL-003-5 708 608 1.16 0.0468 0.0031 0.116 0.008 0.0178 0.0003 43 148 112 7 114 2 KZL-003-6 385 349 1.10 0.0514 0.0046 0.116 0.009 0.0174 0.0004 257 206 111 8 111 2 KZL-003-7 210 265 0.79 0.0495 0.0060 0.114 0.011 0.0173 0.0004 172 259 110 11 111 3 KZL-003-8 543 440 1.23 0.0496 0.0043 0.114 0.008 0.0177 0.0004 176 189 110 7 113 2 KZL-003-9 345 328 1.05 0.0617 0.0056 0.147 0.010 0.0181 0.0005 665 197 139 9 116 3 KZL-003-10 327 293 1.12 0.0499 0.0055 0.122 0.011 0.0176 0.0004 191 237 117 10 113 3 KZL-003-11 330 364 0.91 0.0492 0.0060 0.111 0.011 0.0172 0.0004 167 250 107 10 110 3 KZL-003-12 209 210 0.99 0.0562 0.0070 0.138 0.014 0.0187 0.0005 457 278 131 12 119 3 KZL-003-13 244 260 0.94 0.0495 0.0054 0.116 0.011 0.0174 0.0005 172 237 112 10 111 3 KZL-003-14 321 375 0.86 0.0473 0.0050 0.116 0.010 0.0190 0.0005 65 233 111 9 121 3 KZL-003-15 617 630 0.98 0.0511 0.0038 0.118 0.008 0.0171 0.0003 243 170 113 7 109 2 KZL-003-16 476 472 1.01 0.0518 0.0043 0.124 0.010 0.0176 0.0005 276 191 118 9 113 3 KZL-003-17 386 401 0.96 0.0564 0.0043 0.137 0.010 0.0173 0.0004 478 172 130 9 111 2 KZL-003-18 164 193 0.85 0.0551 0.0061 0.131 0.013 0.0177 0.0005 417 253 125 12 113 3 KZL-003-19 1117 740 1.51 0.0479 0.0034 0.114 0.008 0.0171 0.0003 95 159 110 7 110 2 KZL-003-20 808 524 1.54 0.0506 0.0037 0.123 0.008 0.0180 0.0004 220 172 118 8 115 3 KZL-003-21 358 393 0.91 0.0512 0.0041 0.128 0.010 0.0186 0.0004 256 190 122 9 119 3 KZL-003-22 315 349 0.90 0.0561 0.0054 0.134 0.011 0.0186 0.0005 457 213 128 10 119 3 2148TW-1 120 177 0.68 0.0612 0.0063 0.155 0.016 0.0180 0.0005 656 224 147 14 115 3 2148TW-2 226 291 0.78 0.0544 0.0039 0.129 0.009 0.0176 0.0004 387 161 123 8 112 2 2148TW-3 161 214 0.75 0.0521 0.0041 0.125 0.010 0.0176 0.0004 287 183 119 9 113 2 2148TW-4 402 401 1.00 0.0639 0.0048 0.155 0.012 0.0176 0.0003 739 164 147 10 113 2 2148TW-5 1210 878 1.38 0.0605 0.0034 0.151 0.009 0.0180 0.0003 620 119 143 8 115 2 2148TW-6 346 501 0.69 0.0526 0.0035 0.124 0.008 0.0172 0.0003 309 154 119 8 110 2 2148TW-7 292 459 0.64 0.0505 0.0031 0.119 0.007 0.0174 0.0003 217 144 114 6 111 2 
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表 2 研究区罗玛组火山岩全岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 2 Major, trace and rare earth element data for volcanic rock of Luoma Formation in study area
样品号 PM003Gs8 PM003Gs12 PM003Gs13 2148Gs D4021-1 D4125-1 PM003-14-1 PM003-21-1 PM003-41-1 岩性 英安岩 英安岩 英安岩 英安岩 流纹岩 流纹岩 流纹质凝灰岩 流纹质凝灰岩 流纹质凝灰岩 SiO2 67.70 69.65 71.75 74.24 71.31 76.05 76.66 76.82 77.42 Al2O3 14.55 15.13 15.52 16.20 13.95 12.71 12.80 12.60 12.17 Fe2O3 1.66 0.82 1.06 0.55 1.25 0.52 0.79 0.76 0.49 FeO 0.14 1.20 0.09 0.07 1.36 0.40 0.20 0.36 0.10 CaO 4.21 2.64 1.78 0.61 2.07 0.86 0.51 0.72 0.29 MgO 0.25 1.12 0.10 0.03 1.02 0.23 0.16 0.20 0.07 k2O 2.38 2.45 1.98 2.17 3.26 4.72 4.31 4.08 5.25 Na2O 0.29 4.01 0.29 0.10 3.54 3.29 3.48 3.18 3.06 TiO2 0.26 0.25 0.29 0.29 0.37 0.16 0.16 0.20 0.15 P2O5 0.07 0.07 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 MnO 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.02 烧失量 8.26 2.39 6.78 5.42 1.47 0.81 0.74 0.78 0.80 总计 99.81 99.76 99.76 99.79 99.77 99.83 99.86 99.82 99.84 Na2O+ K2O 2.67 6.46 2.27 2.27 6.80 8.01 7.79 7.26 8.31 TFe2O3 1.81 2.15 1.16 0.63 2.76 0.96 1.01 1.15 0.60 Mg# 24.41 54.85 16.72 9.99 46.26 35.72 26.92 28.76 21.35 Rb 86.60 84.60 61.40 81.60 21.70 149.00 25.10 44.30 59.90 Ba 338 554 323 244 178 1210 91 642 336 Th 7.98 9.35 8.24 9.18 24.60 22.50 7.37 26.70 23.20 U 2.08 2.88 1.56 2.98 3.15 2.79 1.11 4.53 6.05 Nb 5.68 5.64 5.68 4.96 11.40 12.00 4.12 9.34 9.65 Ta 1.12 1.14 1.12 0.50 1.25 1.23 0.46 1.19 1.08 Sr 158 249 234 224 122 47.8 44.2 50.7 101 P 309 314 462 410 436 130 130 174 87 Zr 114 118 123 129 156 126 99.6 180 198 Hf 3.10 3.50 3.40 3.46 4.40 3.51 2.57 4.76 4.57 La 14.20 17.00 17.20 17.50 51.30 35.30 17.30 36.80 45.60 Ce 21.60 31.10 30.00 30.20 93.10 69.70 30.40 67.40 83.90 Pr 2.55 3.04 3.09 3.48 10.60 6.70 4.16 7.75 8.75 Nd 8.65 10.40 11.50 11.80 37.20 21.60 15.60 26.60 30.50 Sm 1.56 1.91 1.97 2.10 6.83 3.72 2.94 5.00 5.67 Eu 0.49 0.64 0.54 0.55 1.65 1.15 0.59 0.73 0.76 Gd 1.38 1.55 1.66 1.83 6.18 3.72 2.69 4.38 4.88 Tb 0.22 0.25 0.23 0.29 1.00 0.63 0.45 0.66 0.79 Dy 1.15 1.26 1.20 1.61 6.12 4.17 2.94 4.11 4.48 Ho 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.26 1.22 0.90 0.65 0.81 0.86 Er 0.65 0.63 0.63 0.66 3.68 3.01 2.06 2.62 2.80 Tm 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.61 0.52 0.35 0.44 0.51 Yb 0.70 0.64 0.69 0.69 3.85 3.58 2.25 2.95 3.43 Lu 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.64 0.60 0.37 0.47 0.58 Y 7.24 7.18 7.12 8.18 37.30 29.10 21.40 23.60 24.00 δEu 1.02 1.14 0.91 0.86 0.78 0.95 0.64 0.48 0.44 ∑LREE 49.05 64.09 64.30 65.63 200.68 138.17 70.99 144.28 175.18 ∑HREE 11.83 11.97 12.00 13.74 60.60 46.23 33.16 40.04 42.33 LREE/ HREE 4.15 5.35 5.36 4.78 3.31 2.99 2.14 3.60 4.14 ∑REE 60.88 76.06 76.30 79.37 223.98 155.30 82.75 160.72 193.51 (La/Yb)N 13.68 17.91 16.81 17.10 8.98 6.65 5.18 8.41 8.96 注:主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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