Palynological fossils from the Yingzuilazi Formation in Hongmiaozi Basin, northeastern margin of North China Block
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摘要:
报道华北地块东北缘地区红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组的孢粉化石,建立了Cicatricosisporites-Abietineaepollenites-Piceites组合,该组合的主要特征为:以裸子类双气囊花粉和海金沙科孢子为主,含一定量裸子类无气囊花粉,未见被子类花粉,孢粉组合特征可与松辽盆地沙河子组对比。一些具有早白垩世时代意义的孢粉化石,如Cicatricosisporites sp.,Cicatricosisporites undulates和Cicatricosisporites implexus的出现,表明鹰嘴砬子组的地质时代为早白垩世。根据孢粉化石资料,推测华北地块东北缘地区在鹰嘴砬子组沉积时期古植被面貌以松科和杉科组成的松柏类针叶林为主,林下生长着真蕨类。古气候相当于湿润-半湿润的亚热带气候。
Abstract:This paper reports the palynological fossils found from the Yingzuilazi Formation in Hongmiaozi Basin on the northeastern margin of North China Block, and recognizes a palynological assemblage named Cicatricosisporites-Abietineaepollenites-Piceites. This assemblage is characterized by the dominance of disaccites gymnosperm pollen and Lygodiaceae spore and the moderate abundance of pollen without sacci, with no angiosperm pollen found. The characteristics of this palynological assemblage can be correlated with those of Shahezi Formation in Songliao Basin. The geological age of Yingzuilazi Formation is considered to be Early Cretaceous, as shown by the existence of some typical Early Cretaceous palynological fossils, such as Cicatricosisporites sp., Cicatricosi-sporites undulates and Cicatricosisporites implexus. On the basis of the composition of this assemblage, the authors hold that, during the deposition period of Yingzuilazi Formation, the vegetation was mainly Pinaceae and Taxodiaceae coniferous forests, with a few understory Filicales, the climate was of subtropical zone, and the environment probably had humid or semi-humid features on the northeastern margin of North China Block.
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致谢: 中生代孢粉地质学相关问题得到大庆油田万传彪老师的指导,中石化华东分公司周山富老师在本文写作过程中赠予了大量的孢粉学学习资料,在此一并致谢。
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表 1 红庙子盆地鹰嘴砬子组孢粉化石名单及数量统计
Table 1 Taxonomic composition and content of palynological fossils from the Yingzuilazi Formation in the Hongmiaozi Basin
化石名称 PYZ-3 PYZ-5 数量 数量(百分含量) 蕨类孢子Spore 3 15(16.30%) 无突肋纹孢(未定种)Cicatricosisporites sp. 4(4.35%) 波唇无突肋纹孢Cicatricosisporites undulates Yu et Miao, 1983 1(1.09%) 交错无突肋纹孢Cicatricosisporites implexus Yu, 1984 1(1.09%) 棒瘤孢(未定种)Baculatisporites sp. 2(2.17%) 紫萁孢(未定种)Osmundacidites sp. 3(3.26%) 三角粒面孢(未定种)Granulatisporites sp. 1 2(2.17%) 难以定名的蕨类孢子 2 2(2.17%) 裸子类花粉Gymnosperm Pollen 11 77(83.70%) 苏铁粉(未定种)Cycadopites sp. 1(1.09%) 雪松粉(未定种)Cedripites sp. 3(3.26%) 单束松粉(未定种)Abietineaepollenites sp. 3 11(11.96%) 双束松粉(未定种)Pinuspollenites sp. 1 7(7.61%) 云杉粉(未定种)Piceaepollenites sp. 5(5.43%) 罗汉松粉(未定种)Podocarpidites sp. 2(2.17%) 皱球粉(未定种)Psophosphaera sp. 3(3.26%) 无口器粉(未定种)Inaperturopollenites sp. 1 6(6.52%) 克拉梭粉(未定种)Classopollis sp. 1(1.09%) 古松柏粉(未定种)Paleoconiferus sp. 2(2.17%) 原始松柏粉(未定种)Protoconiferus sp. 1(1.09%) 原始松粉(未定种)Protopinus sp. 1(1.09%) 拟云杉粉(未定种)Piceites sp. 8(8.70%) 假云杉粉(未定种)Pseudopicea sp. 1 5(5.43%) 原始云杉粉(未定种)Protopicea sp. 1(1.09%) 四字粉(未定种)Quadraeculina sp. 1(1.09%) 球形粉(未定种)Spheripollenites sp. 6(6.52%) 不能定属的双气囊花粉 3 7(7.61%) 难以定名的裸子类花粉 2 6(6.52%) 合计 14 92(100%) -
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