Zircon U-Pb age and Hf isotopic characteristics of Qushenla Formation volcanic rocks in the middle part of the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture, Tibet
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摘要:
西藏班公湖-怒江缝合带广泛分布中生代岩浆活动，对于认识特提斯洋的演化有重要的启示。班公湖-怒江缝合带中段东卡错微陆块去申拉组安山岩的锆石U-Pb测年和Hf同位素测试结果显示，其中21个测点给出的锆石206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为110.3±0.7Ma；εHf（t）值为-5.66~1.05，二阶段Hf模式年龄为1020~1448Ma，表现出壳幔混源的特征。综合区域构造沉积演化及前人研究成果，认为东卡错微陆块内发育的去申拉组火山岩很可能与早白垩世班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲消减引起的板片断离有关，并形成于板内伸展环境，其岩浆来源于聂荣微陆块成熟地壳物质发生深熔或重熔作用形成的酸性熔体与古老岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生的基性熔体的混合。
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关键词:
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年 /
- Hf同位素 /
- 岩浆混合 /
- 东卡错微陆块 /
- 班公湖-怒江缝合带
Abstract:Mesozoic magmatic activities are widely distributed in the Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone in Tibet, and it is important to study them for understanding the evolution of the Tethys Ocean. This paper reports the zircon U-Pb dating and zircon Hf isotope data of the andesites of the Qushenla Formation in the Dongkaco microcontinental block of the middle Bangong Co-Nujiang suture zone. The zircon 206Pb/238U weighted age of the andesites obtained from 21 sites is 110.3±0.7Ma. Zircon Hf isotope analysis shows that the zircon εHf(t) varies in the range of -5.66~1.05, and second stage Hf model ages are 1020~1448Ma, showing the characteristics of crust-mantle mixing. Considering regional tectonic sedimentary evolution and previous research results, the authors hold that the volcanic rocks of the Qushenla Formation were probably related to the slab break-offduring southward subduction of the Bangong Co-Nujiang oceanic crust in the Early Cretaceous, and were produced in an intraplate extensional environment. The magma was derived from the mixing of acidic melt formed by deep melting or remelting of mature crustal material in Nyainrong microcontinent with basic melt formed by partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle.
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致谢: 野外工作中得到西藏自治区地质矿产勘查开发局第六地质大队的大力支持，广州市拓岩检测技术有限公司在本文锆石挑选、制靶、拍照工作中给予支持，锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素分析得到了国家地质实验测试中心李超副研究员的大力支持和耐心指导，审稿专家对本文提出了诸多宝贵意见和建议，在此一并深表衷心的感谢。
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图 1 研究区大地构造位置(a)及地质简图(b)
a—拉萨地体构造格架及早白世火山岩分布图[2]；b—班戈地区地质简图[3]。BNSZ—班公湖-怒江缝合带；SNMZ—狮泉河-纳木错混杂岩带；LMF—洛巴堆-米拉山断层；IYZSZ—印度河-雅鲁藏布江缝合带；1—全新统冲洪积层；2—全新统冲积层；3—第四系全新统；4—上更新统冲洪积层；5—蛇绿岩；6—白垩纪花岗闪长岩；7—白垩纪花岗岩类；8—上白垩统竟柱山组；9—下白垩统去申拉组；10—下白垩统多尼组；11—中-上侏罗统接奴群；12—下-中侏罗统希湖群；13—侏罗系粉砂岩；14—上三叠统曲龙共巴组；15—上三叠统确哈拉群；16—下二叠统下拉组；17—中-上泥盆统查果罗玛组；18—下泥盆统达尔东组；19—下志留统东卡组；20—湖；21—河流；22—采样位置
Figure 1. Geotectonic location map(a) and simplified geological map(b) of the study area
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图 2 去申拉组安山岩野外照片（a、b）与显微照片（c、d）
a—去申拉组火山岩野外露头；b—去申拉组安山岩岩石照片；c、d—安山岩样品中斜长石（Pl）斑晶和角闪石（Hbl）斑晶及基质交织结构（正交偏光）
Figure 2. Field photographs(a, b)and microphotographs(c, d)of andesitesin the Qushenla Formation
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图 3 去申拉组安山岩锆石阴极发光（CL）图像、测点206Pb/238U年龄值和εHf(t)值(实线圈代表测点206Pb/238U年龄值，虚线圈代表εHf(t)值)
Figure 3. CL images of zircons, 206Pb/238Uages and εHf(t) values of andesites in the Qushenla Formation
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图 4 去申拉组安山岩锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）和206Pb/238U年龄图（b）
Figure 4. U-Pb concordia diagram (a) and weighted mean age chart (b) of the zircon of andesites in the Qushenla Formation
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图 5 去申拉组安山岩锆石εHf(t)-U-Pb年龄图解(a)和锆石Hf同位素直方图(b)
Figure 5. Plot of εHf(t) versus U-Pb ages (a) of zircons and zircon Hf isotope histogram (b) of andesites in the Qushenla Formation
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图 6 东卡错微陆块构造演化简图
J1-2X—下-中侏罗统希湖群；T3Q—上三叠统确哈拉群；J2-3J—中-上侏罗统接奴群；J2-3l—中-上侏罗统拉贡塘组；K1q—下白垩统去申拉组
Figure 6. Structural evolution of the Dongkaco microcontinental block
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图 7 去申拉组玄武岩Zr-Zr/Y和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf图解(盐湖地区去申拉玄武岩数据据Sui等[35]，物玛地区数据据康志强等[37]；查格隆地区数据据麦源君等[36]，改则地区数据据李伟等[38]，达查沟地区数据据吴亮等[34])
WPB—板内玄武岩；MORB—洋中脊玄武岩；IAB—岛弧玄武岩；3种玄武岩分布范围数据见参考文献[40]；Ⅱ2—大陆边缘岛弧+大陆边缘火山弧；Ⅳ1—陆内裂谷+大陆边缘裂谷拉斑玄武岩；Ⅳ2—陆内裂谷碱性玄武岩；Ⅳ3—大陆伸展带/初始裂谷玄武岩
Figure 7. Zr-Zr/Y and Ta/Hf-Th/Hf diagrams of basalts in the Qushenla Formation
表 1 去申拉组安山岩样品（17D021）LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素组成
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircons U-Th-Pb isotope composition from andesites(17D021) in the Qushenla Formation
测点
编号Pb Th U Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma /10-6 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 1 1.78 85.2 230 0.37 0.0488 0.0017 0.1187 0.0041 0.0168 0.0002 142 81 113.9 3.8 107.9 1.7 2 3.10 124 386 0.32 0.0497 0.0016 0.1195 0.0040 0.0171 0.0002 184 77 114.7 3.6 109.8 1.7 4 1.85 112 241 0.47 0.0480 0.0020 0.1153 0.0049 0.017 0.0002 104 99 110.8 4.5 108.7 1.9 5 3.45 153 445 0.34 0.0474 0.0011 0.1155 0.0027 0.0174 0.0002 72 55 111.0 2.5 111.5 1.5 6 3.17 180 408 0.44 0.0477 0.0013 0.1158 0.0032 0.0173 0.0002 87 65 111.3 3.0 110.8 1.5 7 2.79 168 356 0.47 0.0480 0.0012 0.1148 0.0029 0.0174 0.0002 99 60 110.3 2.7 111.5 1.5 8 2.65 127 318 0.40 0.0512 0.0014 0.1244 0.0035 0.0174 0.0002 252 64 119.1 3.2 111.4 1.6 9 3.39 166 417 0.40 0.0496 0.0012 0.1184 0.0029 0.0175 0.0002 178 55 113.7 2.6 111.9 1.5 10 5.26 199 656 0.30 0.0486 0.0010 0.1187 0.0026 0.0176 0.0002 129 50 113.9 2.4 112.7 1.4 11 1.31 62.3 164 0.38 0.0495 0.0020 0.1188 0.0048 0.0173 0.0003 176 93 114.0 4.4 110.9 1.9 12 2.82 142 344 0.41 0.0518 0.0016 0.1207 0.0038 0.0169 0.0002 279 70 115.8 3.5 108.2 1.6 13 1.78 78.7 218 0.36 0.0505 0.0018 0.1218 0.0045 0.0173 0.0002 219 84 116.8 4.1 110.6 1.8 14 0.95 33.6 109 0.31 0.0542 0.0025 0.1252 0.0057 0.0170 0.0003 383 102 119.8 5.2 109.2 2.1 15 2.87 152 366 0.41 0.0484 0.0012 0.1156 0.0029 0.0173 0.0002 122 59 111.1 2.7 110.7 1.5 16 2.42 101 304 0.33 0.0492 0.0014 0.1208 0.0034 0.0173 0.0002 157 65 115.8 3.2 111.1 1.6 17 1.97 106 256 0.41 0.0481 0.0014 0.1152 0.0035 0.0171 0.0002 108 71 110.7 3.2 109.4 1.6 19 2.60 128 333 0.39 0.0501 0.0016 0.1186 0.0040 0.0167 0.0002 203 77 113.8 3.7 107.0 1.6 20 2.95 167 377 0.44 0.0483 0.0012 0.1161 0.0030 0.0173 0.0002 114 59 111.6 2.7 111.2 1.5 21 3.45 178 437 0.41 0.0490 0.0012 0.1171 0.0029 0.0172 0.0002 149 57 112.5 2.7 110.5 1.5 22 3.02 209 400 0.52 0.0467 0.0014 0.1131 0.0035 0.0173 0.0002 34 73 108.9 3.3 110.9 1.6 24 1.66 63.5 203 0.31 0.0531 0.0036 0.1181 0.0080 0.0165 0.0004 333 147 113.4 7.3 105.6 2.6 
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表 2 去申拉组安山岩样品（17D021）锆石Hf同位素组成
Table 2 Hf isotopic composition of zircons from andesites (17D021) in the Qushenla Formation
测点编号 176Hf/177HfCorr 2σ 176Lu/177Hf 2σ 176Yb/177Hf 2σ εHf(0) εHf(t) tDM1/Ma tDM2/Ma f(Lu/Hf) 1 0.282648 0.000021 0.001459 0.000019 0.036403 0.000556 -4.37 -4.37 865 1366 -0.96 2 0.282719 0.000019 0.000676 0.000014 0.015172 0.000324 -1.89 -1.89 749 1208 -0.98 4 0.282671 0.000018 0.001128 0.000013 0.025349 0.000304 -3.56 -3.56 825 1314 -0.97 5 0.282730 0.000018 0.001134 0.000012 0.026297 0.000291 -1.47 -1.47 742 1181 -0.97 6 0.282612 0.000019 0.001052 0.000011 0.028600 0.000264 -5.66 -5.66 907 1448 -0.97 7 0.282675 0.000017 0.001050 0.000009 0.024113 0.000240 -3.43 -3.43 818 1306 -0.97 8 0.282678 0.000020 0.001322 0.000008 0.031477 0.000223 -3.33 -3.33 820 1299 -0.96 10 0.282719 0.000018 0.001098 0.000006 0.024985 0.000146 -1.86 -1.86 757 1206 -0.97 11 0.282802 0.000018 0.000701 0.000012 0.015777 0.000312 1.05 1.05 633 1020 -0.98 12 0.282700 0.000017 0.001348 0.000034 0.032514 0.000958 -2.56 -2.56 790 1250 -0.96 13 0.282741 0.000018 0.001106 0.000009 0.025384 0.000208 -1.10 -1.10 726 1157 -0.97 14 0.282643 0.000021 0.000891 0.000032 0.022070 0.000808 -4.58 -4.58 860 1379 -0.97 15 0.282669 0.000020 0.001449 0.000027 0.035175 0.000638 -3.66 -3.66 836 1320 -0.96 16 0.282740 0.000018 0.000846 0.000019 0.019199 0.000453 -1.13 -1.13 722 1159 -0.97 17 0.282729 0.000018 0.001000 0.000003 0.022321 0.000095 -1.54 -1.54 742 1185 -0.97 19 0.282737 0.000016 0.001078 0.000003 0.025248 0.000119 -1.23 -1.23 731 1166 -0.97 20 0.282672 0.000019 0.001237 0.000004 0.029806 0.000138 -3.53 -3.53 826 1312 -0.96 21 0.282675 0.000024 0.001004 0.000014 0.023222 0.000334 -3.43 -3.43 817 1306 -0.97 注：同位素校正公式：εHf(t)=104×{[(176Hf/177Hf)S-(176Lu/177Hf)S×(eλt-1)]/[(176Hf/177Hf)CHUR(0)-(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR(t)×(eλt-1)]1},tDM=1/λ×ln{1+ [(176Hf/177Hf)S- (176Hf/177Hf)DM]/[(176Lu/177Hf)S- (176Lu/177Hf)DM]},tDMC=tDM- (tDM- t) × [(fCC- fS)/(fCC- fDM)], fLu/Hf =(176Lu/177Hf)S/ (176Lu/177Hf)CHUR-1, 其中λ=1.867×10-11a-1[23]; (176Lu/177Hf)S和(176Hf/177Hf)S为样品测量值; (176Lu/177Hf)CHUR(t)=0.0332, (176Hf/177Hf)CHUR(0) =0.282772[24]; (176Lu/177Hf)DM=0.0384, (176Hf/177Hf)DM=0.28325, (176Hf/177Hf) 平 均 地 壳 =0.015[25]; fCC=(176Hf/177Hf) 平 均 地 壳/ (176Lu/177Hf)CHUR-1; fS=fLu/Hf ;fDM=(176Lu/177Hf)DM/(176Lu/177Hf)CHUR-1; t为锆石结晶年龄
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