Ca. 2.5Ga granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area of southeastern Tarim and its petrogenesis
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摘要:
塔里木东南缘安南坝地区新发现的花岗闪长质片麻岩主要由斜长石、碱性长石、石英、角闪石、黑云母等组成。岩石SiO2（>70%）、Al2O3（>15%）、Na2O（3.56%~4.15%）含量较高；MgO（0.39%~0.59%）、Fe2O3（0.23%~0.36%）、FeO（0.76%~1.11%）含量、K2O/Na2O值（0.64~0.81）及Mg#值（19~27）均较低。花岗闪长质片麻岩稀土元素总量低（∑REE=28.81×10-6~68.51×10-6），（La/Yb）N=（46.27~98.27），轻、重稀土元素分异明显，球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分曲线表现为右倾型，Eu（δEu=1.57~2.00）呈明显的正异常。岩石Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素含量较高，Nb、Ta等高场强元素及Cr、Ni等相容元素含量较低。地球化学特征显示，该花岗闪长质片麻岩具有高铝型TTG和低重稀土元素系列TTG的地球化学特征。研究表明，阿克塞县安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩可能是在榴辉岩相压力条件下，由加厚的玄武质下地壳部分熔融形成，源区残留相主要为石榴子石、金红石（少量）及角闪石。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb上交点年龄为2555±11Ma，代表了花岗闪长质片麻岩的成岩时代，说明新太古代晚期是塔里木东南缘重要的陆壳增生期。此外，岩石中还获得了约2.44Ga、约1.96Ga的变质年龄，表明塔里木东南缘基底岩石在古元古代经历了2期构造-热事件的叠加改造。
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关键词:
- 太古宙 /
- 花岗闪长质片麻岩 /
- 地球化学 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年 /
- 安南坝地区
Abstract:The newly-discovered granodioritic gneiss is mainly composed of plagioclase, alkali feldspar, quartz, amphibolite and biotite in Ananab area, southeastern Tarim, characterized by high SiO2(>70%), Al2O3(>15%) and Na2O(3.56%~4.15%), and low MgO(0.39%~0.59%), Fe2O3(0.23%~0.36%), FeO(0.76%~1.11%), K2O/Na2O(0.64~0.81)and Mg#(19~27). Meanwhile, the granodioritic gneiss has lower content of ∑ REE, with strong fractionation of LREE/HREE((La/Yb)N=46.27~98.27); the chondrite-normalized REE patterns show right-inclined patterns with obvious positive Eu(δEu=1.57~2.00) anomalies. The rocks are enriched in LILE(such as Rb, Ba and Sr)and depleted in HFSE(such as Nb and Ta); in addition, the values of compatible elements(Cr, Ni)are relatively low. On the basis of the above data, the geochemical analyses indicate that granodioritic gneiss is characteristic of high-Al TTG series and low-HREE TTG. It is therefore held that the rocks might have been formed by partial melting of thickened mafic lower crust under the pressure condition of eclogite facies, with garnet, rutile and amphibole left in the residual magmas. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of granodioritic gneiss from Annanba area of Aksai yielded the formation time of 2555±11Ma, basically consistent with the age of magmatism of southeastern Tarim(2.5~2.6Ga), showing the significant continental crust accretion in late Neoarchean. In addition, the metamorphic ages of ca.2.44Ga and ca.1.96Ga were obtained for granodioritic gneiss, which implies that the basement rocks from southeastern Tarim were superimposed upon and reconstructed by two episodes of tectonic thermal events in Palaeoproterozoic.
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Keywords:
- Archean /
- granodioritic gneiss /
- geochemistry /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- Annanba area
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图 1 塔里木盆地周缘前寒武纪变质岩分布图（a）[13]及研究区地质图（b）①
1—米兰岩群片麻岩段；2—米兰岩群大理岩段；3—斜长角闪片麻岩；4—英云闪长质片麻岩；5—花岗闪长质片麻岩；6—斜长花岗质片麻岩；7—麻粒岩；8—上更新统冲洪积物；9—中更新统冰水堆积物；10—二长花岗岩脉；11—变辉长岩脉；12—变辉绿岩脉；13—碳酸岩脉；14—石英脉；15—断层；16—遥感解译断层；17—研究区；18—左行走滑断裂；19—采样位置
Figure 1. Distribution of Precambrian metamorphic rocks around Tarim basin (a) and geological map of the study area (b)
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图 2 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩野外露头（a、b）及镜下显微照片（c、d）
Qtz—石英；Pl—斜长石；Per—条纹长石；Hbl—角闪石；Bt—黑云母
Figure 2. The outcrops（a,b）and minerals assemblage（c,d）of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
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图 3 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩K-Na-Ca（a）和An-Ab-Or图解（b）
Figure 3. Diagrams of K-Na-Ca (a) and An-Ab-Or (b) of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
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图 4 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分图（a）和微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图（b）[18]
Figure 4. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns(a) and primitive mantle normalized spidergram(b) for granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
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图 5 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩中代表性锆石阴极发光（CL）图像及年龄值(Ma)
Figure 5. Representative zircon CL images and ages of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
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图 6 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 6. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagrams of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
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图 7 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩Nb-Nb/Ta（a）和Zr/Sm-Nb/Ta（b）关系图解[38]
Figure 7. Plots of Nb-Nb/Ta (a) and Zr/Sm-Nb/Ta (b) for granodioritic gness generated from sources with different compositions in Annanba area
表 1 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量分析结果
Table 1 Major elements, trace elements and REE compositions of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
元素 PM023-11-1 PM023-11-2 PM023-11-3 PM023-11-4 PM023-11-5 PM023-11-6 SiO2 73.08 70.92 71.27 72.13 72.45 70.77 TiO2 0.19 0.19 0.26 0.23 0.18 0.27 Al2O3 15.28 16.29 15.93 15.34 15.36 16.48 Fe2O3 0.32 0.23 0.34 0.26 0.29 0.36 FeO 0.88 0.76 0.94 1.11 1.02 0.95 MnO 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 MgO 0.53 0.44 0.59 0.41 0.39 0.48 CaO 3.25 3.47 3.89 3.15 3.05 3.96 Na2O 3.78 4.15 3.56 3.85 4.13 3.68 K2O 2.44 3.01 2.88 2.92 2.65 2.72 P2O5 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.05 Mg# 25 26 27 19 19 23 TFeO+MgO 1.70 1.41 1.84 1.75 1.67 1.75 TFeO/MgO 2.20 2.19 2.11 3.27 3.28 2.65 OR 14.46 17.88 17.07 17.37 15.74 16.13 Ab 32.00 35.23 30.16 32.72 35.05 31.18 An 15.93 16.95 18.94 15.55 14.97 19.41 Cu 7.26 9.91 15.00 15.00 9.99 10.40 Pb 12.70 13.50 15.30 13.40 17.20 12.40 Zn 12.70 14.00 17.40 16.00 12.60 20.20 Cr 4.68 10.60 15.80 9.36 5.70 17.70 Ni 10.10 11.80 23.80 11.20 10.90 12.40 Co 2.21 3.16 4.00 4.08 2.84 3.67 Li 4.14 5.10 5.16 5.50 4.27 5.44 Rb 59.40 72.90 62.00 64.80 104.00 52.90 Cs 0.17 0.16 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.17 Sr 454.00 603.00 498.00 578.00 574.00 591.00 Ba 3730.00 4130.00 3300.00 2360.00 4730.00 2000.00 V 27.40 22.10 20.00 18.10 22.20 29.80 Sc 0.84 1.27 1.36 3.02 1.36 2.74 Nb 1.80 1.22 2.36 1.86 1.64 3.61 Ta 0.10 0.08 0.15 0.10 0.10 0.23 Zr 94.90 162.00 154.00 117.00 129.00 136.00 Hf 2.36 4.03 3.94 2.97 3.22 3.48 Be 0.44 0.44 0.51 0.84 0.34 0.81 Ga 13.50 15.40 14.60 15.20 13.50 16.90 Ge 0.59 0.59 0.61 0.68 0.49 0.67 U 0.12 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.17 Th 0.68 0.46 1.07 1.26 0.73 1.52 La 7.51 13.70 12.90 18.40 12.50 20.50 Ce 12.80 20.60 23.00 28.40 18.50 31.30 Pr 1.28 1.80 2.31 2.68 1.77 3.10 Nd 4.11 5.31 7.98 8.63 5.33 9.37 Sm 0.60 0.68 1.28 1.04 0.81 1.18 Eu 1.69 2.02 1.70 1.44 2.20 1.32 Gd 0.35 0.44 0.86 0.75 0.54 0.81 Tb 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.08 Dy 0.22 0.20 0.46 0.36 0.27 0.38 Ho 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.08 Er 0.09 0.11 0.23 0.16 0.14 0.19 Tm 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 Yb 0.06 0.10 0.20 0.14 0.11 0.16 Lu 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 Y 0.95 1.28 2.42 1.84 1.60 2.09 I REE 28.82 45.07 51.15 62.19 42.31 68.51 LREE 27.99 44.11 49.17 60.59 41.11 66.77 HREE 0.83 0.96 1.98 1.60 1.20 1.74 LREE/HREE 33.88 45.94 24.79 37.84 34.40 38.37 5Eu 2.00 2.07 2.16 1.57 1.75 1.65 (La/Yb)N 89.78 98.27 46.26 94.27 81.51 91.90 注：主量元素含量单位为%， 微量和稀土元素为 10-6 
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表 2 安南坝地区花岗闪长质片麻岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb isotopic analyses of granodioritic gneiss in Annanba area
测点 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma 含量/10-6 Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 208Pb/232Th 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ Th U Pb PM023-11-1 0.1683 0.0016 10.0358 0.0998 0.4326 0.0026 0.0903 0.0023 2541 16 2438 24 2317 14 118 626 283 0.19 PM023-11-2 0.1591 0.0015 10.1096 0.1017 0.4610 0.0029 0.0946 0.0023 2446 16 2445 25 2444 15 42 112 55 0.38 PM023-11-3 0.1682 0.0015 9.4388 0.1091 0.4069 0.0031 0.1047 0.0024 2540 15 2382 28 2201 17 100 411 178 0.24 PM023-11-4 0.1199 0.0016 5.7984 0.0810 0.3509 0.0019 0.0720 0.0019 1954 24 1946 27 1939 11 86 48 22 1.77 PM023-11-5 0.1840 0.0017 13.0217 0.1237 0.5133 0.0029 0.1040 0.0030 2689 16 2681 25 2671 15 167 147 93 1.14 PM023-11-6 0.1213 0.0012 6.0037 0.0594 0.3588 0.0020 0.0775 0.0022 1976 17 1976 20 1977 11 285 100 54 2.86 PM023-11-7 0.1677 0.0017 7.9832 0.0751 0.3453 0.0027 0.0876 0.0023 2535 17 2229 21 1912 15 325 777 296 0.42 PM023-11-8 0.1799 0.0016 12.6149 0.1215 0.5085 0.0030 0.1151 0.0029 2652 15 2651 26 2650 15 108 172 100 0.63 PM023-11-9 0.1693 0.0017 10.7860 0.1508 0.4619 0.0037 0.1151 0.0037 2551 17 2505 35 2448 20 186 544 273 0.34 PM023-11-10 0.1708 0.0019 9.9371 0.1049 0.4219 0.0025 0.1436 0.0050 2566 18 2429 26 2269 13 153 239 122 0.64 PM023-11-11 0.1562 0.0015 9.7528 0.0993 0.4528 0.0028 0.1050 0.0036 2415 16 2412 25 2408 15 77 83 45 0.93 PM023-11-12 0.1619 0.0015 10.4379 0.1030 0.4675 0.0029 0.1194 0.0038 2476 16 2474 24 2473 16 356 635 336 0.56 PM023-11-13 0.1182 0.0012 5.7229 0.0568 0.3510 0.0019 0.0896 0.0026 1930 18 1935 19 1940 11 4 70 24 0.06 PM023-11-14 0.1578 0.0019 9.7258 0.1717 0.4471 0.0042 0.1161 0.0033 2432 20 2409 43 2382 22 55 157 76 0.35 PM023-11-15 0.1685 0.0016 10.8858 0.1031 0.4686 0.0025 0.1096 0.0032 2543 16 2513 24 2478 13 108 156 84 0.69 PM023-11-16 0.1836 0.0017 12.9045 0.1219 0.5098 0.0028 0.1109 0.0037 2685 15 2673 25 2656 14 176 161 101 1.09 PM023-11-17 0.1246 0.0018 6.1298 0.0719 0.3567 0.0024 0.0748 0.0028 2024 26 1995 23 1967 13 228 69 39 3.31 PM023-11-18 0.1672 0.0020 7.7825 0.0882 0.3376 0.0019 0.1134 0.0055 2530 20 2206 25 1875 10 111 322 121 0.34 PM023-11-19 0.1686 0.0016 9.9592 0.1088 0.4285 0.0027 0.0962 0.0034 2544 16 2431 27 2299 14 124 127 66 0.97 PM023-11-20 0.1666 0.0016 8.7980 0.1141 0.3831 0.0034 0.0909 0.0029 2523 16 2317 30 2091 19 138 574 233 0.24 PM023-11-21 0.1228 0.0020 6.1097 0.1011 0.3610 0.0021 0.0962 0.0031 1997 28 1992 33 1987 12 24 42 17 0.57 PM023-11-22 0.1205 0.0021 5.8810 0.1002 0.3540 0.0021 0.0744 0.0021 1964 30 1958 33 1954 11 123 28 18 4.36 PM023-11-23 0.1695 0.0016 10.2701 0.1060 0.4395 0.0028 0.0922 0.0031 2553 16 2459 25 2348 15 301 1199 558 0.25 PM023-11-24 0.1198 0.0012 5.8463 0.0602 0.3538 0.0019 0.0757 0.0023 1954 18 1953 20 1953 11 131 63 30 2.09 PM023-11-25 0.1863 0.0017 13.1971 0.1235 0.5137 0.0028 0.0978 0.0027 2710 15 2694 25 2672 15 106 346 192 0.31 PM023-11-26 0.1701 0.0016 10.8798 0.1021 0.4638 0.0026 0.0982 0.0031 2559 15 2513 24 2456 14 113 246 125 0.46
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辜平阳，董增产，陈锐明，等. 青海阿尔金 1∶5万打柴沟等 6幅区域地质调查报告. 2015.
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