Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb age and tectonic settings of pillow basalts in the Langshan area on the northern margin of the Alxa block, Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
狼山地区位于内蒙古阿拉善地块东北缘，其构造背景一直存在争议。报道狼山地区枕状玄武岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学研究成果。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明，玄武岩中的锆石大多为捕获基底的锆石。根据锆石特征及侵入玄武岩的花岗岩年龄，得出玄武岩年龄为254~252Ma，属于二叠纪晚期。枕状玄武岩具有贫碱低钾的特征，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P，富集Rb、Ba、U等元素，富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素，具弱负Eu异常，显示岛弧玄武岩特征。初步认为玄武岩形成于活动大陆边缘弧环境，为古亚洲洋向南俯冲的产物，指示阿拉善地块北缘在二叠纪晚期为大陆边缘弧，为研究阿拉善地块东北缘晚古生代构造背景提供了证据。
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关键词:
- 枕状玄武岩 /
- 狼山 /
- LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年 /
- 地球化学 /
- 构造背景
Abstract:The tectonic setting of the Langshan area, which is located on the northeastern margin of the Alxa block in Inner Mongolia, has always been controversial. This paper presents the results of zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical data of pillow basalts in the Langshan area. The basalt LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results show that most zircons from basalts were captured from basement. Based on the features of zircon and the age of granite invading basalt, the age of basalt is estimated to be ca. 254~252Ma, which falls into the Late Permian. Pillow basalt shows the characteristics of island arc basalt with its low alkali and low potassium, depletion of Nb, Ta, Ti, P, enrichment of Rb, Ba, U, enrichment of LREE, and depletion of HREE with weak Eu negative anomaly. It is preliminarily believed that basalt was formed on the active continental margin and was produced by southward subduction of the ancient Asian Ocean. The results indicate that the northern margin of the Alxa block was a continental marginal arc in the Late Permian, thus providing evidence for the study of the Late Paleozoic tectonic setting on the northeastern margin of the Alxa block.
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Keywords:
- pillow basalt /
- Langshan /
- LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating /
- geochemistry /
- tectonic setting
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致谢: 审稿专家对文章提出了宝贵的修改意见，野外工作期间得到南京大学张庆龙教授的耐心指导，南京大学博士研究生高爽、中国地质科学院博士研究生张北航和中国科学院硕士研究生惠洁在文章写作中提出了宝贵的意见，使文章能够顺利完成，在此一并表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 阿拉善地块构造位置（a）及狼山地区地质图（b）[14]
Figure 1. Tectonic location of the Alxa block (a) and geological map of Langshan area (b)
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图 2 狼山枕状玄武岩锆石阴极发光（CL）图像及年龄
Figure 2. CL images of zircons from the Langshan pillow basalts and their U-Pb ages
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图 3 枕状玄武岩锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）及锆石年龄频谱图（b）
Figure 3. U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircons from pillow basalt (a) and their age histogram (b)
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图 4 花岗岩锆石U-Pb谐和图（a）及锆石年龄频谱图（b）
Figure 4. U-Pb concordia diagrams of zircons from granite (a) and their age histogram (b)
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图 5 侵入玄武岩的花岗岩锆石阴极发光（CL）图像及年龄
Figure 5. CL images of zircons from the granite and their U-Pb ages
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图 7 枕状玄武岩原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图（a）和球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（b）（标准化数据据参考文献[44]）
N-MORB—正常型大洋中脊玄武岩；E-MORB—富集型洋中脊玄武岩；OIB—洋岛玄武岩
Figure 7. Primitive mantle-normalized trace elements pattern (a) and chondrite-normalized REE patterns (b) of pillow basalt in Langshan
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表 1 狼山枕状玄武岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定结果
Table 1 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results for Langshan pillow basalts
样品号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ D15726-3-1 543 480 702 0.68 0.284 0.007 0.040 0.001 0.052 0.001 252 3 254 5 272 45 D15726-3-3 520 261 268 0.97 0.589 0.014 0.070 0.001 0.061 0.001 439 5 470 9 628 45 D15726-3-4 2085 1745 3089 0.56 0.338 0.009 0.039 0.001 0.063 0.001 244 3 296 7 720 46 D15726-3-5 250 224 449 0.50 0.278 0.007 0.040 0.001 0.050 0.001 254 3 249 5 211 54 D15726-3-9 1553 240 223 1.08 2.640 0.055 0.186 0.002 0.102 0.002 1102 11 1312 15 1678 33 D15726-3-12 681 616 851 0.72 0.314 0.007 0.040 0.001 0.057 0.001 251 2 277 5 494 44 D15726-3-15 865 92.6 480 0.19 5.291 0.098 0.333 0.004 0.115 0.002 1852 19 1867 16 1881 27 D15726-3-20 944 254 326 0.78 1.126 0.026 0.123 0.002 0.067 0.001 747 13 766 13 833 37 D15726-3-23 129 77.4 119 0.65 0.315 0.013 0.040 0.001 0.058 0.003 254 4 278 10 517 98 D15726-3-27 1489 868 803 1.08 0.498 0.010 0.064 0.001 0.056 0.001 402 5 410 7 450 39 D15726-3-29 633 493 1018 0.48 0.321 0.007 0.046 0.001 0.051 0.001 287 3 282 5 239 43 D15726-3-30 492 597 1305 0.46 0.208 0.006 0.028 0.001 0.053 0.001 180 2 192 5 332 29 D15726-3-31 419 519 1167 0.44 0.197 0.005 0.028 0.001 0.051 0.001 179 2 183 4 232 54 D15726-3-38 179 132 212 0.63 0.346 0.011 0.044 0.001 0.058 0.002 275 4 302 9 520 78 D15726-3-39 772 609 1208 0.50 0.342 0.007 0.045 0.001 0.055 0.001 282 3 299 5 433 47 D15726-3-40 357 416 981 0.42 0.205 0.005 0.031 0.001 0.049 0.001 194 2 190 4 132 52 D15726-3-44 586 618 2383 0.26 0.190 0.005 0.026 0.001 0.053 0.001 165 3 177 5 317 45 D15726-3-46 935 102 431 0.24 3.484 0.059 0.234 0.001 0.108 0.002 1355 16 1523 14 1761 28 D15726-3-51 1162 1030 1755 0.59 0.313 0.007 0.038 0.001 0.060 0.001 240 2 276 5 583 44 
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表 2 花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Th-Pb同位素测定结果
Table 2 LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Th-Pb dating results for granite
样品号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 17LS03-1-01 26 351 394 0.9 0.318 0.015 0.045 0.001 0.051 0.002 286 7 280 11 220 91 17LS03-1-02 23 424 327 327 1.3 0.259 0.012 0.039 0.001 0.050 0.003 243 6 234 10 169 130 17LS03-1-03 33 300 543 0.6 0.437 0.017 0.043 0.001 0.074 0.003 272 6 368 12 1031 69 17LS03-1-04 20 176 177 1.0 0.557 0.021 0.075 0.002 0.054 0.002 466 10 450 14 365 76 17LS03-1-05 67 334 846 0.4 0.540 0.014 0.073 0.002 0.054 0.001 453 11 438 9 376 57 17LS03-1-06 30 417 565 0.7 0.311 0.027 0.039 0.001 0.059 0.005 244 4 275 21 554 189 17LS03-1-07 24 357 398 0.9 0.285 0.012 0.038 0.001 0.054 0.003 243 5 255 9 383 106 17LS03-1-09 29 478 306 1.6 0.377 0.012 0.047 0.001 0.059 0.002 295 6 325 9 554 69 17LS03-1-10 56 75 111 0.7 6.218 0.149 0.367 0.009 0.124 0.003 2013 41 2007 21 2007 43 17LS03-1-11 66 330 743 0.4 0.607 0.016 0.079 0.003 0.057 0.002 489 16 482 10 483 72 17LS03-1-12 24 124 248 0.5 0.672 0.020 0.083 0.001 0.058 0.002 516 8 522 12 543 66 17LS03-1-13 317 610 878 0.7 3.527 0.082 0.275 0.005 0.093 0.002 1564 27 1533 18 1488 40 17LS03-1-14 79 105 103 1.0 10.231 0.261 0.464 0.010 0.160 0.004 2458 46 2456 24 2453 39 17LS03-1-15 68 235 1428 0.2 0.400 0.012 0.056 0.001 0.052 0.001 350 8 342 8 280 56 17LS03-1-16 54 553 1267 0.4 0.277 0.008 0.039 0.001 0.051 0.002 248 4 248 7 243 67 17LS03-1-17 16 113 164 0.7 0.688 0.028 0.060 0.001 0.083 0.003 373 9 531 17 1270 61 17LS03-1-18 24 255 167 1.5 0.556 0.023 0.071 0.001 0.056 0.002 444 8 449 15 465 91 17LS03-1-19 22 252 382 0.7 0.318 0.009 0.045 0.001 0.051 0.001 284 5 281 7 256 60 17LS03-1-20 31 336 445 0.8 0.377 0.011 0.051 0.001 0.054 0.001 320 8 325 8 367 57 17LS03-1-21 27 300 494 0.6 0.314 0.010 0.043 0.001 0.053 0.001 273 6 277 8 306 63 17LS03-1-22 37 180 416 0.4 0.631 0.022 0.082 0.002 0.056 0.001 505 10 497 13 443 56 17LS03-1-23 17 186 208 0.9 0.487 0.023 0.048 0.001 0.073 0.003 301 6 403 16 1033 88 17LS03-1-24 19 172 336 0.5 0.324 0.010 0.048 0.001 0.049 0.002 301 7 285 8 146 72 17LS03-1-25 58 207 1353 0.2 0.332 0.010 0.047 0.001 0.051 0.001 294 7 291 7 261 50 17LS03-1-26 80 505 856 0.6 0.681 0.028 0.076 0.002 0.064 0.002 473 14 527 17 743 47 17LS03-1-27 24 208 432 0.5 0.355 0.015 0.046 0.001 0.056 0.002 289 7 308 11 443 78 17LS03-1-28 30 257 593 0.4 0.314 0.018 0.042 0.001 0.054 0.002 265 8 277 14 350 97
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表 3 狼山地区枕状玄武岩主量、微量和稀土元素分析结果
Table 3 Major elements, trace elements and REE compositions of pillow basalt in the Langshan area
样品号 D15726-1 D15726-2 D15726-3 D15726-4 D15726-5 D15726-6 D15726-7 D15726-8 D15726-9 SiO2 56.21 52.79 53.32 53.07 54.24 54.74 52.32 52.68 51.75 Al2O3 13.57 13.66 13.68 13.30 13.90 13.57 13.91 13.54 13.93 CaO 8.09 9.17 9.33 9.23 8.93 9.13 13.91 9.34 8.84 Fe2O3 3.34 3.77 3.83 3.75 3.60 4.24 3.21 3.87 3.73 FeO 5.08 6.48 6.13 6.16 5.77 4.83 3.90 6.48 6.81 K2O 0.39 0.53 0.60 0.64 0.44 0.38 1.08 0.59 0.52 MgO 5.63 6.88 6.40 6.82 6.16 6.03 5.84 6.79 7.08 MnO 0.15 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.18 Na2O 4.61 3.56 3.61 3.51 4.08 4.17 2.28 3.56 3.63 P2O5 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 TiO2 1.16 1.15 1.19 1.13 1.11 1.11 1.23 1.19 1.18 烧失量 0.65 0.84 0.87 0.93 0.78 0.79 0.88 0.76 1.07 Ga 13.60 17.90 15.80 15.40 16.30 16.20 14.60 16.20 17.90 Rb 10.90 15.50 20.30 22.00 12.50 12.10 56.00 20.70 14.40 Sr 168.00 290.00 323.00 233.00 201.00 166.00 477.00 221.00 210.00 Cd 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.17 0.14 Cs 0.69 1.24 1.71 1.89 2.52 1.17 7.63 1.75 1.38 Ba 376.00 219.00 383.00 450.00 202.00 210.00 547.00 215.00 198.00 Pb 4.91 4.11 5.40 5.39 3.88 3.68 3.99 5.20 4.88 Th 1.58 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.59 1.69 1.77 1.80 1.81 U 0.43 0.39 0.43 0.40 0.42 0.42 0.49 0.45 0.43 Nb 5.10 5.21 5.42 4.97 5.09 4.94 5.66 5.39 5.18 Ta 0.29 0.30 0.32 0.33 0.30 0.29 0.33 0.32 0.31 Zr 104.00 109.00 109.00 103.00 104.00 105.00 113.00 111.00 107.00 Hf 2.76 2.89 2.99 2.78 2.82 2.85 3.07 3.05 3.11 Ti 7076.00 7264.00 7190.00 6899.00 6961.00 7095.00 7887.00 7728.00 7264.00 W 1.66 0.90 1.02 1.18 0.88 0.87 1.83 1.20 1.11 As 4.17 4.38 4.76 3.48 9.50 12.80 3.65 4.30 3.89 La 11.50 14.90 15.10 15.30 13.40 14.00 15.80 16.20 15.60 Ce 26.80 31.20 31.50 31.80 28.40 30.10 32.60 34.00 32.60 Pr 3.70 4.23 4.31 4.27 3.78 4.08 4.27 4.53 4.38 Nd 15.70 17.60 18.30 17.60 16.20 17.20 17.40 19.00 18.50 Sm 3.78 3.85 4.20 3.86 3.55 3.77 3.77 3.97 3.74 Eu 0.93 1.22 1.20 0.98 1.00 1.12 1.19 1.16 1.25 Gd 3.75 4.14 4.06 4.24 3.68 3.79 3.93 3.83 3.47 Tb 0.59 0.64 0.66 0.60 0.55 0.60 0.60 0.63 0.61 Dy 3.21 3.39 3.41 3.18 3.06 3.29 3.25 3.37 3.30 Ho 0.58 0.64 0.63 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.66 Er 1.62 1.77 1.77 1.70 1.62 1.74 1.67 1.76 1.71 Tm 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.27 0.27 Yb 1.64 1.66 1.62 1.58 1.51 1.71 1.61 1.70 1.63 Lu 0.22 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.24 Sc 29.60 30.80 30.70 28.80 31.10 29.20 33.60 32.40 30.70 Y 16.60 16.90 17.10 15.80 16.60 16.60 16.90 17.10 16.50 Mg# 55.40 55.42 54.38 56.06 54.95 55.45 60.55 54.87 54.40 ∑REE 74.28 85.75 87.27 86.19 77.82 82.49 87.18 91.29 87.96 ∑HREE 11.87 12.75 12.66 12.38 11.49 12.22 12.15 12.43 11.89 ∑LREE 62.41 73.00 74.61 73.81 66.33 70.27 75.03 78.86 76.07 (La/Nb)N 5.03 6.44 6.69 6.95 6.37 5.87 7.04 6.84 6.86 δEu 0.75 0.93 0.88 0.74 0.84 0.90 0.94 0.90 1.04 注：主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量单位为10-6
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