U-Pb age and geochemistry of zircons from the Katebasu Au deposit, West Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, and their geological implications
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摘要:
卡特巴阿苏大型金矿床位于新疆西天山中部那拉提北缘断裂带南侧，找矿前景较好。为查明矿区容矿岩浆岩的成因及其与矿床形成的联系，对主要矿石类型含金蚀变二长花岗岩和含金石英硫化物脉进行LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和地球化学研究。结果表明，锆石稀土元素显示较陡的左倾配分模式，具有明显的正Ce异常和负Eu异常，指示岩浆锆石成因。根据锆石Ce异常值，获得含矿岩石有关岩浆岩氧逸度对数值（Log（fo2））为-29.2~5.1，指示岩浆具有较高的氧逸度，有利于金在岩体中初步富集。同时，氧逸度具有较大的变化范围，指示岩浆演化过程中，存在明显的上地壳混染。应用锆石Ti温度计，获得含金蚀变二长花岗岩锆石结晶温度为765~975℃，反映岩浆来自下地壳缺水条件下的部分熔融。含金石英硫化物脉锆石具有较低的结晶温度（641~823℃），可能与早期角闪石的分异结晶有关。以上2种矿石类型的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为350.4±1.6Ma和348.9±1.4Ma，代表了容矿二长花岗岩的结晶年龄。岩体结晶年龄早于前人报道的矿床成矿年龄，表明岩体侵位与成矿作用无直接关系。
Abstract:The Katebasu Au deposit, located on the southern side of North Nalati fault, is a large-sized deposit with great prospecting potential. In order to study the genetic relationship between intrusions developed in the study area and the Au deposit, the authors separated zircons from two main types of ore, i.e., Au-bearing altered monzogranite and quartz-sulfide vein, for U-Pb isotopic concentrations and trace element content by using LA-MC-ICP-MS. The results show that the chondrite-normalized REE patterns of zircons are characterized by HREE enrichment relative to LREE, with evident positive Ce and negative Eu anomalies, typical of magmatic zircons. The logarithm of oxygen fugacity (Log(fo2)) calculated using δCe of the analyzed zircons is -29.2 to 5.1, suggesting high oxygen fugacity of magma, which is beneficial for preliminary enrichment of Au to provide metallogenic material. The highly variable oxygen fugacity might have suffered from significant contamination of the upper crust. Meanwhile, the application of the Ti-in-zircon thermometer exhibits high temperatures of 765~975℃ for zircons extracted from the Au-bearing altered monzogranite, indicative of dehydration melting of the lower crust. The zircons from Au-bearing quartz-sulfide vein have relatively lower crystallization temperatures of 641~823℃, suggesting crystallization of amphibole before zircon. The obtained zircon U-Pb ages of 350.4 ±1.6Ma for altered monzogranite and 348.9 ±1.4Ma for quartz-sulfide vein are interpreted as the magma crystallization age of the monzogranite, which is the main host rock of the deposit. The crystallization ages are earlier than previously reported metallogenic age, probably suggesting little relationship between the monzogranite formation and metallization of the Katebasu Au deposit.
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致谢: 样品采集得到中国地质大学（北京）翟裕生院士和薛春纪教授的帮助，成文过程中得到新疆大学吴兆宁副教授和中国地质大学（武汉）骆必继博士的帮助，审稿专家提出建设性修改意见，在此一并表示感谢
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图 2 含金蚀变二长花岗岩和含金石英硫化物脉手标本（a、b）和显微照片（c、d）
Qtz—石英；Py—黄铁矿；Ccp—黄铜矿
Figure 2. Specimens(a, b) and microphotographs(c, d) of Au-bearing altered monzogranite and quartz-sulfide vein
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图 3 含金蚀变二长花岗岩和含金石英硫化物脉代表性锆石阴极发光（CL）图像
Figure 3. Representative zircon CL images of Au-bearing altered monzogranite and quartz-sulfide vein
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图 4 含金蚀变二长花岗岩和含金石英硫化物脉锆石U-Pb谐和图
Figure 4. U-Pb concordia diagrams for zircons of Au-bearing altered monzogranite and quartz-sulfide vein from the Katebasu Au deposit
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图 5 球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式图（球粒陨石标准化值据参考文献[31]）
Figure 5. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for zircons from the Katebasu Au deposit
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图 6 锆石Th-(Sm/La)N (a)和δEu-δCe图解(b)
Figure 6. Plots of Th-(Sm/La)N (a) and δEu-δCe (b) in zircons
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图 7 锆石La-(Sm/La)N (a)和(Sm/La)N-δCe图解(b)（底图据参考文献[11]）
Figure 7. Plots of La-(Sm/La)N (a) and (Sm/La)N-δCe (b) in zircons
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图 8 锆石Yb-U (a)和Y-U/Yb图解(b)(底图据参考文献[8])
Figure 8. Plots of Yb-U (a) and Y-U/Yb (b) in zircons
表 1 卡特巴阿苏金矿床锆石U-Th-Pb测定结果
Table 1 Zircon U-Th-Pb dating result of the Katbasu Au deposit
测点号 含量/10-6 Th/U 同位素比值 年龄/Ma Pb Th U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb±1σ 206Pb/238U±1σ 207Pb/235U±1σ 含金蚀变二长花岗岩(样品KTZ2) 1 13 97 106 0.92 0.0576 0.0041 0.4384 0.0302 0.0562 0.0013 522±156 353±8 369±21 2 8 53 60 0.89 0.0593 0.0042 0.4644 0.0320 0.0570 0.0010 589±154 358±6 387±22 3 44 334 345 0.97 0.0553 0.0015 0.4223 0.0122 0.0553 0.0005 433±61 347±3 358±9 4 26 218 165 1.32 0.0548 0.0022 0.4199 0.0167 0.0560 0.0007 467±95 351±4 356±12 5 58 476 476 1.00 0.0553 0.0017 0.4201 0.0132 0.0549 0.0006 433±67 344±3 356±9 6 37 298 287 1.04 0.0564 0.0018 0.4315 0.0137 0.0558 0.0006 478±72 350±4 364±10 7 53 444 518 0.86 0.0529 0.0014 0.4103 0.0108 0.0563 0.0005 324±61 353±3 349±8 8 28 247 218 1.13 0.0561 0.0022 0.4329 0.0166 0.0564 0.0008 454±85 354±5 365±12 9 36 311 258 1.21 0.0550 0.0017 0.4221 0.0129 0.0561 0.0008 413±72 352±5 358±9 10 73 650 300 2.17 0.0561 0.0018 0.4266 0.0135 0.0553 0.0006 454±70 347±3 361±10 11 18 160 138 1.16 0.0570 0.0027 0.4380 0.0215 0.0556 0.0008 500±106 349±5 369±15 12 62 570 467 1.22 0.0548 0.0017 0.4215 0.0118 0.0561 0.0007 467±67 352±4 357±8 13 24 220 161 1.37 0.0551 0.0025 0.4156 0.0175 0.0552 0.0006 417±106 346±4 353±13 14 42 400 350 1.14 0.0564 0.0017 0.4384 0.0132 0.0563 0.0007 478±32 353±3 369±9 15 32 314 231 1.36 0.0537 0.0023 0.4056 0.0166 0.0551 0.0006 367±96 346±4 346±12 16 62 602 484 1.24 0.0548 0.0016 0.4199 0.0124 0.0554 0.0006 406±67 348±4 356±9 17 47 416 392 1.06 0.0529 0.0018 0.4114 0.0142 0.0562 0.0007 324±71 352±4 350±10 18 58 514 483 1.06 0.0536 0.0014 0.4216 0.0115 0.0566 0.0005 354±59 355±3 357±8 19 29 267 160 1.67 0.0529 0.0025 0.4077 0.0175 0.0567 0.0009 324±107 355±5 347±13 20 61 545 469 1.16 0.0532 0.0017 0.4127 0.0137 0.0561 0.0007 339±72 352±4 351±10 21 33 283 280 1.01 0.0540 0.0017 0.4113 0.0125 0.0553 0.0006 369±70 347±4 350±9 22 13 118 101 1.18 0.0572 0.0028 0.4405 0.0218 0.0562 0.0008 498±109 352±5 371±15 23 23 192 156 1.23 0.0555 0.0026 0.4273 0.0191 0.0563 0.0008 435±136 353±5 361±14 24 39 318 290 1.10 0.0562 0.0017 0.4365 0.0137 0.0562 0.0007 457±67 352±4 368±10 含金石英硫化物脉(样品K156) 1 31 282 280 1.01 0.0564 0.0015 0.4310 0.0117 0.0556 0.0006 465±59 349±4 364±8 2 36 342 304 1.12 0.0530 0.0014 0.4014 0.0107 0.0549 0.0005 332±29 345±3 343±8 3 46 454 342 1.33 0.0625 0.0102 0.4802 0.0892 0.0545 0.0005 700±356 342±3 398±61 4 22 224 141 1.59 0.0588 0.0022 0.4471 0.0158 0.0557 0.0006 567±83 350±4 375±11 5 41 446 236 1.89 0.0623 0.0018 0.4754 0.0134 0.0555 0.0007 685±62 348±4 395±9 6 14 122 102 1.20 0.0530 0.0041 0.4047 0.0330 0.0556 0.0011 328±176 349±7 345±24 7 35 312 261 1.20 0.0532 0.0016 0.4071 0.0123 0.0557 0.0006 345±70 349±3 347±9 8 15 136 100 1.35 0.0568 0.0024 0.4323 0.0177 0.0561 0.0008 483±94 352±5 365±13 9 48 457 253 1.80 0.0556 0.0019 0.4200 0.0136 0.0553 0.0006 435±71 347±4 356±10 10 34 311 247 1.26 0.0542 0.0018 0.4098 0.0143 0.0550 0.0007 389±76 345±4 349±10 11 23 212 182 1.16 0.0588 0.0024 0.4404 0.0178 0.0549 0.0009 561±89 344±5 371±13 12 62 549 364 1.51 0.0627 0.0027 0.4788 0.0225 0.0551 0.0008 698±91 345±5 397±15 13 32 282 247 1.14 0.0546 0.0017 0.4247 0.0130 0.0567 0.0006 394±70 356±4 359±9 14 58 524 347 1.51 0.0553 0.0015 0.4289 0.0127 0.0561 0.0006 433±61 352±4 362±9 15 34 304 212 1.44 0.0646 0.0026 0.4856 0.0183 0.0550 0.0006 761±83 345±4 402±13 16 29 248 239 1.03 0.0536 0.0024 0.4098 0.0179 0.0559 0.0012 354±99 350±7 349±13 17 92 833 485 1.72 0.0585 0.0014 0.4474 0.0101 0.0558 0.0006 546±52 350±4 375±7 18 63 623 469 1.33 0.0531 0.0026 0.4053 0.0209 0.0553 0.0011 332±113 347±7 345±15 19 54 531 439 1.21 0.0549 0.0019 0.4197 0.0145 0.0555 0.0008 409±76 348±5 356±10 20 11 113 111 1.02 0.0540 0.0034 0.4129 0.0250 0.0564 0.0012 372±138 354±7 351±18 21 51 492 458 1.07 0.0552 0.0017 0.4225 0.0126 0.0558 0.0007 420±69 350±4 358±9 22 80 765 543 1.41 0.0568 0.0016 0.4347 0.0117 0.0558 0.0006 483±61 350±4 367±8 23 54 686 276 2.49 0.0619 0.0021 0.4698 0.0148 0.0556 0.0006 670±74 349±4 391±10 24 12 100 96 1.04 0.0515 0.0056 0.3896 0.0422 0.0553 0.0013 261±233 347±8 334±31 25 21 183 148 1.24 0.0514 0.0034 0.3953 0.0251 0.0562 0.0011 257±184 353±6 338±18 26 38 367 385 0.95 0.0554 0.0014 0.4274 0.0106 0.0564 0.0006 428±57 353±4 361±8 27 67 662 407 1.63 0.0537 0.0016 0.4103 0.0114 0.0556 0.0005 361±69 349±3 349±8 28 39 399 334 1.19 0.0546 0.0016 0.4159 0.0124 0.0553 0.0006 394±65 347±4 353±9 29 59 596 441 1.35 0.0527 0.0018 0.3999 0.0126 0.0553 0.0006 317±76 347±4 342±9 30 147 1909 573 3.33 0.0649 0.0019 0.4958 0.0148 0.0554 0.0006 772±61 347±4 409±10 31 45 474 268 1.77 0.0509 0.0019 0.3931 0.0152 0.0562 0.0008 235±87 352±5 337±11 32 52 577 322 1.79 0.0553 0.0017 0.4246 0.0123 0.0559 0.0005 433±67 351±3 359±9 33 37 406 248 1.64 0.0545 0.0022 0.4192 0.0172 0.0557 0.0006 391±91 349±4 356±12 34 95 1003 494 2.03 0.0566 0.0013 0.4373 0.0106 0.0560 0.0006 472±52 351±4 368±8 35 32 333 218 1.53 0.0583 0.0020 0.4531 0.0149 0.0565 0.0006 543±76 354±4 379±10 
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表 2 卡特巴阿苏金矿床锆石微量元素分析结果
Table 2 Zircon trace elements analytical result of the Katbasu Au deposit
10-6 点号 Y La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Ti δEu δCe TTi/℃ Log（fo2） 含金蚀变二长花岗岩(样品KTZ2) 1 481 0.55 44.3 0.90 5.00 5.51 1.04 10.2 2.81 32.8 13.4 76.9 20.2 244 44.6 29.8 0.42 15.3 847 -12.9 2 246 0.01 9.7 0.03 0.57 1.63 0.20 4.9 1.61 20.4 7.8 39.3 9.0 99 16.9 13.1 0.22 175.5 765 -7.4 3 478 1.98 44.5 0.71 2.45 2.50 0.38 8.1 2.41 32.0 13.6 77.5 19.6 234 42.2 49.4 0.26 9.0 904 -12.7 4 595 0.35 20.7 0.18 1.43 4.16 0.60 11.9 3.67 46.1 18.3 96.0 21.9 237 42.9 40.2 0.26 20.2 880 -10.6 5 761 0.04 55.7 0.08 0.88 2.92 0.37 8.9 3.46 46.9 21.2 127.2 32.3 388 77.1 - 0.22 232.4 - - 6 506 0.04 38.5 0.04 0.65 2.15 0.33 6.5 2.43 32.8 14.5 84.0 20.7 242 48.2 - 0.27 234.8 - - 7 774 0.52 50.0 0.22 0.93 2.34 0.29 8.1 2.86 41.2 20.4 130.1 34.7 437 96.6 36.7 0.20 36.1 870 -8.8 8 752 0.04 35.0 0.13 1.49 4.74 0.78 14.0 4.44 57.6 23.3 124.4 27.9 297 57.1 44.0 0.29 113.1 890 -3.7 9 523 2.72 43.6 1.04 3.87 3.12 0.49 9.1 2.86 37.8 16.1 89.0 20.2 222 43.8 - 0.28 6.3 - - 10 861 0.04 50.8 0.13 2.66 6.90 1.25 20.2 6.39 76.8 28.4 136.9 27.8 281 49.6 52.2 0.32 179.5 911 -1.2 11 480 2.94 27.0 1.27 5.13 3.86 0.56 10.7 2.92 36.0 14.8 78.8 17.8 190 37.9 61.6 0.27 3.4 931 -15.4 12 668 0.02 48.1 0.06 0.72 2.65 0.38 8.0 3.14 42.0 19.0 109.2 26.8 313 66.3 49.0 0.25 349.7 903 1.1 13 457 0.00 18.4 0.06 1.13 2.90 0.42 8.8 2.65 34.8 13.9 74.8 16.6 174 34.5 86.7 0.26 267.4 975 2.6 14 738 1.62 50.0 0.72 3.78 3.55 0.34 10.0 3.20 44.2 20.3 122.3 29.7 336 75.1 52.8 0.18 11.2 912 -11.6 15 1142 10.83 81.0 5.11 21.07 11.01 1.39 27.9 6.78 86.7 35.8 187.4 39.7 390 80.0 38.7 0.24 2.6 876 -18.4 16 700 0.02 49.4 0.05 0.79 2.81 0.36 9.0 3.06 42.5 19.2 114.9 28.0 319 68.7 - 0.22 411.6 - - 17 957 0.01 63.3 0.10 1.03 4.60 0.73 13.6 4.77 65.7 28.0 158.2 37.2 414 83.2 73.3 0.28 645.6 953 5.1 18 692 0.48 50.6 0.26 1.07 2.50 0.30 8.3 2.76 39.5 18.7 117.6 30.4 362 78.4 - 0.20 34.7 - - 19 1200 0.29 26.4 0.43 5.42 14.42 2.27 33.0 9.15 104.7 38.5 186.4 39.0 393 72.7 66.4 0.32 18.3 940 -8.7 20 828 0.01 53.1 0.07 1.45 4.06 0.49 10.6 4.16 54.0 24.1 136.9 33.6 383 77.4 45.3 0.23 404.3 894 1.2 21 1110 0.00 57.5 0.08 1.46 5.81 0.93 18.0 6.42 81.0 34.4 183.3 40.9 437 84.2 - 0.28 0.00 - - 22 410 0.00 13.9 0.06 0.95 3.56 0.51 8.1 2.61 32.2 12.7 66.3 14.9 161 30.9 65.7 0.29 211.8 939 0.5 23 803 0.04 20.9 0.16 1.79 5.84 1.19 16.1 4.96 63.6 25.3 127.7 29.2 316 57.8 67.0 0.37 66.7 941 -3.8 24 966 0.01 38.9 0.12 2.01 7.38 0.85 19.1 6.25 74.7 30.2 155.9 35.3 387 67.5 119.2 0.22 236.0 1018 3.5 含金石英硫化物脉(样品K156) 1 528 14.47 77.4 5.35 11.24 5.67 0.57 14.3 2.88 36.3 15.2 85.7 20.5 236 45.5 4.1 0.19 2.1 668 -29.2 2 795 1.15 21.5 0.65 3.63 9.15 1.09 18.8 6.01 68.8 25.3 123.7 26.0 269 46.7 18.4 0.25 6.0 798 -18.6 3 979 0.17 43.9 0.55 3.46 10.68 1.73 24.6 7.73 89.2 32.2 155.1 32.9 334 55.3 11.9 0.33 34.3 756 -14.0 4 568 0.01 14.9 0.10 1.07 4.51 0.77 11.3 3.66 44.9 17.7 93.3 20.3 226 40.8 13.5 0.33 115.5 768 -8.9 5 819 0.06 33.5 0.14 1.52 6.52 0.89 15.8 5.25 63.7 25.1 130.7 30.1 327 58.5 3.1 0.27 91.1 647 -16.3 6 574 0.00 14.2 0.15 1.64 6.31 0.91 14.2 4.24 49.3 17.7 90.5 19.5 203 35.3 8.9 0.29 147.4 731 -9.8 7 985 0.06 54.9 0.22 1.94 8.25 1.44 22.3 7.40 88.1 32.5 154.0 32.1 320 52.9 14.2 0.32 113.0 773 -8.7 8 514 0.14 26.2 0.11 0.79 3.64 0.45 8.3 3.07 39.4 15.8 84.4 19.3 214 38.5 8.1 0.25 50.7 723 -14.2 9 458 0.02 22.3 0.07 0.84 3.27 0.61 9.0 2.82 35.0 14.1 74.1 16.4 189 32.8 7.0 0.34 160.4 711 -10.5 10 1014 3.44 75.8 1.36 4.32 7.92 1.14 21.3 6.81 85.2 32.7 165.1 37.0 377 63.9 8.9 0.27 8.5 731 -20.5 11 500 2.36 47.3 1.00 2.47 4.23 0.50 9.9 3.09 40.0 15.6 81.4 18.2 204 34.5 10.8 0.23 7.5 748 -20.2 12 1042 0.02 68.3 0.18 1.55 7.55 1.22 20.8 7.05 86.3 33.2 164.6 35.8 378 62.0 8.6 0.30 280.6 728 -7.5 13 649 8.71 45.4 3.64 8.97 7.98 0.85 17.6 4.25 49.7 20.0 101.3 22.7 246 44.0 6.6 0.22 2.0 706 -27.4 14 524 0.04 36.4 0.09 0.85 3.06 0.48 7.9 3.00 39.6 16.2 85.8 19.6 219 39.0 3.5 0.30 150.8 656 -13.9 15 911 0.38 70.4 0.65 1.78 6.78 0.90 19.7 6.46 77.0 28.6 142.6 31.3 329 55.3 2.8 0.24 34.5 641 -20.3 16 903 1.30 66.5 2.74 9.43 10.43 1.25 20.3 5.78 73.3 27.6 146.7 31.9 355 64.9 3.4 0.26 8.5 655 -24.7 17 618 0.35 47.2 0.06 0.99 2.59 0.40 9.1 3.10 40.0 17.5 99.7 24.4 285 57.8 5.7 0.25 76.8 694 -14.2 18 376 0.01 14.7 0.05 0.61 2.55 0.45 6.8 2.17 27.7 10.9 59.7 14.2 156 30.8 10.2 0.33 196.1 742 -8.1 19 888 0.67 63.0 0.64 1.34 3.33 0.54 11.3 3.86 54.7 24.6 145.6 36.2 428 86.5 9.8 0.27 23.3 739 -16.3 20 1075 0.21 76.3 0.33 1.89 6.34 0.81 17.4 5.85 77.0 31.8 174.8 40.3 441 83.9 10.2 0.24 70.7 743 -12.0 21 1387 0.58 38.4 0.69 4.20 12.42 1.76 32.9 10.45 123.5 45.2 216.8 43.9 441 77.4 7.9 0.27 14.8 721 -18.9 22 371 0.02 12.7 0.03 0.97 2.40 0.49 6.3 2.05 27.6 11.4 59.9 14.0 154 29.6 6.9 0.39 136.2 710 -11.2 23 523 0.01 20.1 0.08 0.90 4.48 0.43 9.6 3.21 40.8 15.4 82.1 18.5 200 38.0 7.9 0.20 171.2 721 -9.8 24 541 0.03 33.2 0.05 0.64 2.54 0.26 7.9 2.99 38.9 16.5 90.0 21.6 243 48.8 8.8 0.18 218.5 730 -8.4 25 939 0.13 64.7 0.22 1.64 6.58 0.93 18.8 5.99 74.8 28.9 148.8 32.2 330 63.3 6.2 0.25 92.7 701 -13.1 26 553 0.37 41.3 0.36 1.63 2.28 0.42 7.4 2.43 33.7 15.1 92.5 22.8 264 57.2 14.0 0.31 27.1 771 -14.1 27 1856 7.52 137.7 3.58 13.58 23.91 3.06 60.1 15.66 180.2 62.3 290.8 56.9 530 94.8 6.6 0.25 6.4 705 -22.9 28 1128 0.02 34.5 0.20 2.57 9.63 1.27 23.8 7.52 91.4 35.3 180.5 38.1 380 74.3 15.4 0.26 135.2 781 -7.7 29 1361 0.07 40.9 0.36 3.09 10.64 1.30 27.0 9.10 106.8 42.7 221.1 47.7 488 94.1 10.0 0.23 60.3 741 -12.7 30 851 0.05 32.7 0.18 1.65 5.91 0.72 15.6 5.13 63.8 25.8 137.2 30.3 312 64.3 12.8 0.23 82.6 763 -10.4 31 883 4.61 37.6 2.58 6.83 8.34 1.04 20.1 5.45 66.8 27.2 141.3 30.5 305 61.7 12.8 0.24 2.6 763 -23.3 32 1440 0.02 38.7 0.32 3.85 13.66 2.06 35.3 10.21 121.1 45.7 227.6 47.1 459 91.5 3.2 0.29 108.9 651 -15.4 33 3009 1.08 112.0 1.57 10.42 30.65 4.07 76.8 23.53 272.7 100.2 483.9 95.9 901 167.8 8.8 0.26 20.8 730 -17.2 34 972 1.67 61.5 3.11 11.68 12.83 1.45 21.8 5.99 67.8 28.6 158.0 37.9 419 90.4 23.7 0.27 6.5 823 -17.2 35 1049 1.24 34.7 0.61 3.33 9.02 1.41 23.7 7.10 85.7 32.6 168.7 36.2 365 72.6 15.1 0.29 9.6 778 -17.7
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