Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in Sonid Left Banner, central Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
内蒙古中部苏尼特左旗地区阿巴嘎组火山岩主要由安山岩组成。岩石富碱、高钾和铝、低镁。富集大离子亲石元素（LILEs）Rb、Ba、U、K和轻稀土元素（LREE），相对亏损高场强元素（HFSEs），具明显的Nb、Ta和Ti负异常和Pb正异常。稀土元素总量较高，轻、重稀土元素分馏强烈且属轻稀土元素富集型，具弱负Eu异常。主量、微量元素地球化学特征表明，阿巴嘎组安山岩为钾质火山岩，岩浆上升演化过程中经历了斜长石和铁镁矿物的分离结晶作用，无地壳物质的混染。阿巴嘎组钾质火山岩的形成与新生代太平洋板片俯冲密切相关，其岩浆来源于滞留的俯冲太平洋板片释放流体交代的富集陆下岩石圈地幔，是在板内伸展体制下含金云母石榴子石二辉橄榄岩低程度部分熔融的产物。这种板内伸展体制可能是新生代滞留于地幔过渡带中的太平洋板片俯冲后撤引起的。
Abstract:The volcanic rocks of the Abaga Formation in Sonid Left Banner area of central Inner Mongolia are mainly composed of andesites. These andesites have high alkali, potassium and aluminum, but low magnesium, and are obviously enriched in LILEs such as Rb, Ba, U, K and LREE, and depleted in HFSEs such as Nb, Ta, Ti with obvious negative anomalies. They have high ∑REE values, and show intense REE fractionation with LREE enrichment and weak negative Eu anomalies. Their geochemical characteristics suggest that they belong to potassic volcanic rocks, and were likely generated from a small degree of partial melting of phlogopite-bearing garnet lherzolite in an enriched sub-lithospheric mantle. The enriched sub-lithospheric mantle was metasomatized by fluids released from the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. Geochemical features also reveal that fractional crystallization with the removal of plagioclase and ferromagnesian minerals played an important role in the evolution, and the potassic magma was not affected by crustal contamination as it passed through the thick continental crust. These potassic rocks were formed in an intraplate extensional tectonic setting resulting from the rollback of the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone.
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Keywords:
- Abaga Formation /
- potassic volcanic rocks /
- geochemistry /
- slab rollback /
- central Inner Mongolia
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致谢: 河北地质大学方勇勇教授和许圣传博士，以及张振民、李伟龙、刘亚芳、王广、王洋、焦天佳、秦旭亮、谷凤羽、李晓伟等硕士研究生参加了野外工作，审稿专家提出了建设性的修改意见，在此一并表示衷心感谢。
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图 1 研究区所在位置及地质简图
a—中国东北大地构造简图(据参考文献[13]修改)；b—研究区地质简图；E2y—伊尔丁曼哈组；C2bl—宝力高庙组；Qpa—阿巴嘎组；C2ζγ—正长花岗岩；C2γδ—花岗闪长岩；1—安山岩；2—不整合界线；3—产状；4—采样位置；5—剖面线
Figure 1. The tectonic location of the study area and geological sketch map
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图 2 研究区阿巴嘎组火山岩地质剖面(剖面位置见图 1-b)
1—砂砾岩；2—致密块状安山岩；3—气孔杏仁状安山岩；4—正长花岗岩；5—不整合接触；E2y—伊尔丁曼哈组；Qpa—阿巴嘎组；C2ζγ—正长花岗岩
Figure 2. Geological section of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in the study area
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图 3 研究区阿巴嘎组火山岩野外露头(a)及显微照片(b)
Pl—斜长石；Ol—橄榄石；红褐色者为火山玻璃，已脱玻化
Figure 3. Outcrop photograph (a) and microphotograph (b) of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in the study area
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图 4 研究区阿巴嘎组火山岩Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2分类图
(底图据参考文献[35])
Figure 4. Nb/Y-Zr/TiO2 diagram of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in the study area
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图 7 研究区阿巴嘎组火山岩Harker图解
Figure 7. Harker diagrams of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in the study area
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图 8 研究区阿巴嘎组火山岩La-La/Sm图解
Figure 8. La-La/Sm diagram of the volcanic rocks from the Abaga Formation in the study area
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表 1 研究区阿巴嘎组安山岩主量、微量和稀土元素含量
Table 1 Major, trace element and REE compositions of the andesites from the Abaga Formation in the study area
样品号 D0332 D4374 PM039 D7300 D2352 SiO2 52.24 52.63 53.72 51.76 52.80 TiO2 2.41 2.74 2.37 2.72 2.70 Al2O3 15.60 15.78 16.30 15.39 15.10 TFe2O3 8.74 9.56 6.59 9.24 9.12 MnO 0.114 0.067 0.092 0.083 0.109 MgO 1.94 1.90 1.97 1.87 2.53 CaO 6.96 5.95 7.55 7.00 6.79 Na2O 4.14 4.23 3.76 3.67 3.88 k2O 2.68 2.87 1.93 2.05 2.15 P2O5 1.38 1.49 0.971 1.42 1.44 烧失量 3.72 2.26 4.57 4.39 2.84 总量 99.92 99.48 99.82 99.59 99.46 Mg# 34 32 41 32 39 A/CNK 0.70 0.76 0.76 0.74 0.72 Na2O+K2O 6.82 7.10 5.69 5.72 6.03 K2O/Na2O 0.65 0.68 0.51 0.56 0.55 Sc 11.6 17.1 16.7 15.9 15.4 V 152 147 168 177 164 Cr 52.7 64.6 77.6 56.3 61.5 Co 34.5 19.6 25.4 20.2 22.2 Ni 24.2 26.4 23 21.8 21.8 Ga 24.9 42.8 30.3 40.9 38.3 Rb 37.4 50.5 42.7 43.0 42.1 Sr 1160 1213 762 1276 1194 Y 29.5 35.6 29.7 27.5 25.6 Nb 25.70 3.66 20.00 1.89 2.08 Mo 2.63 1.31 1.74 1.13 1.40 Cd 0.441 0.167 0.174 0.173 0.149 In 0.081 0.102 0.085 0.079 0.067 Cs 2.460 1.020 0.872 0.862 0.891 Ba 1331 1681 1007 1514 1970 Ta 1.280 0.019 0.585 0.040 0.011 Re 0.005 0.004 0.017 0.014 < 0.002 Tl 0.158 0.156 0.413 0.540 0.263 Bi 0.051 0.072 0.056 0.053 0.053 Th 4.71 5.00 3.67 4.42 4.15 U 2.06 1.77 1.22 1.46 1.58 Zr 825 548 454 523 500 Hf 18.3 12.3 10.3 11.3 11.0 La 93.3 104.0 59.3 97.4 91.4 Cc 180 195 120 189 182 Pr 22.8 26.9 15.4 24.5 23.2 Nd 88.8 109.0 65.0 98.8 93.8 Sm 15.1 17.3 11.8 15.9 15.3 Eu 3.52 4.39 3.23 4.06 3.70 Gd 11.7 12.6 9.59 11.2 11.1 Tb 1.65 1.81 1.44 1.43 1.48 Dy 6.11 7.21 5.81 5.96 5.77 Ho 1.010 1.230 0.976 1.010 0.974 Er 3.05 3.15 2.55 2.31 2.13 Tm 0.379 0.411 0.378 0.304 0.251 Yb 2.28 2.28 2.08 1.78 1.68 Lu 0.326 0.324 0.267 0.248 0.215 ∑REE 430.03 485.61 297.82 453.9 433 LREE/HREE 15.22 15.74 11.90 17.72 17.35 (La/Yb)N 27.59 30.75 19.22 36.89 36.68 (La/Sm)N 3.89 3.78 3.16 3.85 3.76 (Gd/Yb)N 4.14 4.46 3.72 5.08 5.33 δEu 0.78 0.87 0.90 0.89 0.83 Ba/Th 282.59 336.2 274.39 342.53 474.70 La/Sm 6.18 6.01 5.03 6.13 5.97 K/Rb 594.85 471.78 375.21 395.76 423.94 La/Yb 40.92 45.61 28.51 54.72 54.4 Dy/Yb 2.68 3.16 2.79 3.35 3.43 Rb/Ba 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 Rb/Sr 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.04 Tb/Yb 0.72 0.79 0.69 0.8 0.88 Zr/Hf 45.08 44.55 44.08 46.28 45.45 注：Mg#=100×Mg2+/( Mg2++Fe3+)；主量元素含量单位为%，微量和稀土元素含量为 10-6 
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